我如何了解如何制作Windows窗体Control？我想从头开始创建Control。最好是ListBox甚至更好，ListView Control，但我不知道从哪里开始。
我过去遇到过的一些建议是：
Panel Control并使用适当的样式动态添加Label控件; ListView / ListBox Control进行扩展或子类化，并将OwnerDraw设置为true，并在OnPaint中执行自定义绘图} event。但我想要更多的控制权。我不想要ListView Control，我也不想使用第三方控件（无论对象列表视图有多好1我想要我自己的 ListView Control。我不在乎它有多难，但在Windows Forms中这是否可能？我应该从哪里开始？
我是否需要使用GDI / GDI+来绘制所有内容？我会从空的Panel Control开始，然后使用System.Drawing命名空间手动绘制每个列表项吗？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
您可以继承Usercontrol并从头开始编写，或者如果您需要listview等特定功能，则可以继承相关控件。
只需谷歌搜索“自定义列表视图控件”或“自定义控件（yourtype）将提供1000的结果”。
希望这有帮助
例如Vista Style按钮的代码：
public class VistaButton : System.Windows.Forms.UserControl
{
#region - Designer -
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
/// <summary>
/// Initialize the component with it's
/// default settings.
/// </summary>
public VistaButton()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.ResizeRedraw, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.Selectable, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.SupportsTransparentBackColor, true);
this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.UserPaint, true);
this.BackColor = Color.Transparent;
mFadeIn.Interval = 30;
mFadeOut.Interval = 30;
}
/// <summary>
/// Release resources used by the control.
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if(components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region - Component Designer generated code -
private void InitializeComponent()
{
//
// VistaButton
//
this.Name = "VistaButton";
this.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(100, 32);
this.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.VistaButton_Paint);
this.KeyUp += new System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler(this.VistaButton_KeyUp);
this.KeyDown += new System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler(this.VistaButton_KeyDown);
this.MouseEnter += new System.EventHandler(this.VistaButton_MouseEnter);
this.MouseLeave += new System.EventHandler(this.VistaButton_MouseLeave);
this.MouseUp +=new MouseEventHandler(VistaButton_MouseUp);
this.MouseDown += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(this.VistaButton_MouseDown);
this.GotFocus +=new EventHandler(VistaButton_MouseEnter);
this.LostFocus +=new EventHandler(VistaButton_MouseLeave);
this.mFadeIn.Tick += new EventHandler(mFadeIn_Tick);
this.mFadeOut.Tick += new EventHandler(mFadeOut_Tick);
this.Resize +=new EventHandler(VistaButton_Resize);
}
#endregion
#endregion
#region - Enums -
/// <summary>
/// A private enumeration that determines
/// the mouse state in relation to the
/// current instance of the control.
/// </summary>
enum State {None, Hover, Pressed};
/// <summary>
/// A public enumeration that determines whether
/// the button background is painted when the
/// mouse is not inside the ClientArea.
/// </summary>
public enum Style
{
/// <summary>
/// Draw the button as normal
/// </summary>
Default,
/// <summary>
/// Only draw the background on mouse over.
/// </summary>
Flat
};
#endregion
#region - Properties -
#region - Private Variables -
private bool calledbykey = false;
private State mButtonState = State.None;
private Timer mFadeIn = new Timer();
private Timer mFadeOut = new Timer();
private int mGlowAlpha = 0;
#endregion
#region - Text -
private string mText;
/// <summary>
/// The text that is displayed on the button.
/// </summary>
[Category("Text"),
Description("The text that is displayed on the button.")]
public string ButtonText
{
get { return mText; }
set { mText = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Color mForeColor = Color.White;
/// <summary>
/// The color with which the text is drawn.
/// </summary>
[Category("Text"),
Browsable(true),
DefaultValue(typeof(Color),"White"),
Description("The color with which the text is drawn.")]
public override Color ForeColor
{
get { return mForeColor; }
set { mForeColor = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private ContentAlignment mTextAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
/// <summary>
/// The alignment of the button text
/// that is displayed on the control.
/// </summary>
[Category("Text"),
DefaultValue(typeof(ContentAlignment),"MiddleCenter"),
Description("The alignment of the button text " +
"that is displayed on the control.")]
public ContentAlignment TextAlign
{
get { return mTextAlign; }
set { mTextAlign = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
#endregion
#region - Image -
private Image mImage;
/// <summary>
/// The image displayed on the button that
/// is used to help the user identify
/// it's function if the text is ambiguous.
/// </summary>
[Category("Image"),
DefaultValue(null),
Description("The image displayed on the button that " +
"is used to help the user identify" +
"it's function if the text is ambiguous.")]
public Image Image
{
get { return mImage; }
set { mImage = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private ContentAlignment mImageAlign = ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft;
/// <summary>
/// The alignment of the image
/// in relation to the button.
/// </summary>
[Category("Image"),
DefaultValue(typeof(ContentAlignment),"MiddleLeft"),
Description("The alignment of the image " +
"in relation to the button.")]
public ContentAlignment ImageAlign
{
get { return mImageAlign; }
set { mImageAlign = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Size mImageSize = new Size(24,24);
/// <summary>
/// The size of the image to be displayed on the
/// button. This property defaults to 24x24.
/// </summary>
[Category("Image"),
DefaultValue(typeof(Size),"24, 24"),
Description("The size of the image to be displayed on the" +
"button. This property defaults to 24x24.")]
public Size ImageSize
{
get { return mImageSize; }
set { mImageSize = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
#endregion
#region - Appearance -
private Style mButtonStyle = Style.Default;
/// <summary>
/// Sets whether the button background is drawn
/// while the mouse is outside of the client area.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(typeof(Style),"Default"),
Description("Sets whether the button background is drawn " +
"while the mouse is outside of the client area.")]
public Style ButtonStyle
{
get { return mButtonStyle; }
set { mButtonStyle = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private int mCornerRadius = 8;
/// <summary>
/// The radius for the button corners. The
/// greater this value is, the more 'smooth'
/// the corners are. This property should
/// not be greater than half of the
/// controls height.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(8),
Description("The radius for the button corners. The " +
"greater this value is, the more 'smooth' " +
"the corners are. This property should " +
"not be greater than half of the " +
"controls height.")]
public int CornerRadius
{
get { return mCornerRadius; }
set { mCornerRadius = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Color mHighlightColor = Color.White;
/// <summary>
/// The colour of the highlight on the top of the button.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(typeof(Color), "White"),
Description("The colour of the highlight on the top of the button.")]
public Color HighlightColor
{
get { return mHighlightColor; }
set { mHighlightColor = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Color mButtonColor = Color.Black;
/// <summary>
/// The bottom color of the button that
/// will be drawn over the base color.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(typeof(Color), "Black"),
Description("The bottom color of the button that " +
"will be drawn over the base color.")]
public Color ButtonColor
{
get { return mButtonColor; }
set { mButtonColor = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Color mGlowColor = Color.FromArgb(141,189,255);
/// <summary>
/// The colour that the button glows when
/// the mouse is inside the client area.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(typeof(Color), "141,189,255"),
Description("The colour that the button glows when " +
"the mouse is inside the client area.")]
public Color GlowColor
{
get { return mGlowColor; }
set { mGlowColor = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Image mBackImage;
/// <summary>
/// The background image for the button,
/// this image is drawn over the base
/// color of the button.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(null),
Description("The background image for the button, " +
"this image is drawn over the base " +
"color of the button.")]
public Image BackImage
{
get { return mBackImage; }
set { mBackImage = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
private Color mBaseColor = Color.Black;
/// <summary>
/// The backing color that the rest of
/// the button is drawn. For a glassier
/// effect set this property to Transparent.
/// </summary>
[Category("Appearance"),
DefaultValue(typeof(Color), "Black"),
Description("The backing color that the rest of" +
"the button is drawn. For a glassier " +
"effect set this property to Transparent.")]
public Color BaseColor
{
get { return mBaseColor; }
set { mBaseColor = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
#endregion
#region - Behaviour -
private DialogResult mDialogResult = DialogResult.OK;
/// <summary>
/// Specify the dialog result property.
/// </summary>
[Category("Behaviour"),
DefaultValue(typeof(DialogResult)),
Description("The Dialog-Box result produced in a modal form" +
"by clicking the button.")]
public virtual DialogResult DialogResult
{
get { return mDialogResult; }
set { mDialogResult = value; this.Invalidate(); }
}
#endregion
#endregion
#region - Functions -
private GraphicsPath RoundRect(RectangleF r, float r1, float r2, float r3, float r4)
{
float x = r.X, y = r.Y, w = r.Width, h = r.Height;
GraphicsPath rr = new GraphicsPath();
rr.AddBezier(x, y + r1, x, y, x + r1, y, x + r1, y);
rr.AddLine(x + r1, y, x + w - r2, y);
rr.AddBezier(x + w - r2, y, x + w, y, x + w, y + r2, x + w, y + r2);
rr.AddLine(x + w, y + r2, x + w, y + h - r3);
rr.AddBezier(x + w, y + h - r3, x + w, y + h, x + w - r3, y + h, x + w - r3, y + h);
rr.AddLine(x + w - r3, y + h, x + r4, y + h);
rr.AddBezier(x + r4, y + h, x, y + h, x, y + h - r4, x, y + h - r4);
rr.AddLine(x, y + h - r4, x, y + r1);
return rr;
}
private StringFormat StringFormatAlignment(ContentAlignment textalign)
{
StringFormat sf = new StringFormat();
switch (textalign)
{
case ContentAlignment.TopLeft:
case ContentAlignment.TopCenter:
case ContentAlignment.TopRight:
sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Near;
break;
case ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft:
case ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter:
case ContentAlignment.MiddleRight:
sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Center;
break;
case ContentAlignment.BottomLeft:
case ContentAlignment.BottomCenter:
case ContentAlignment.BottomRight:
sf.LineAlignment = StringAlignment.Far;
break;
}
switch (textalign)
{
case ContentAlignment.TopLeft:
case ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft:
case ContentAlignment.BottomLeft:
sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Near;
break;
case ContentAlignment.TopCenter:
case ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter:
case ContentAlignment.BottomCenter:
sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Center;
break;
case ContentAlignment.TopRight:
case ContentAlignment.MiddleRight:
case ContentAlignment.BottomRight:
sf.Alignment = StringAlignment.Far;
break;
}
return sf;
}
#endregion
#region - Drawing -
/// <summary>
/// Draws the outer border for the control
/// using the ButtonColor property.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawOuterStroke(Graphics g)
{
Color buttonColor = this.ButtonColor;
if (!this.Enabled)
buttonColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDark;
if (this.ButtonStyle == Style.Flat && this.mButtonState == State.None){return;}
Rectangle r = this.ClientRectangle;
r.Width -= 1; r.Height -= 1;
using (GraphicsPath rr = RoundRect(r, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius))
{
using (Pen p = new Pen(buttonColor))
{
g.DrawPath(p, rr);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws the inner border for the control
/// using the HighlightColor property.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawInnerStroke(Graphics g)
{
if (this.ButtonStyle == Style.Flat && this.mButtonState == State.None){return;}
Rectangle r = this.ClientRectangle;
r.X++; r.Y++;
r.Width -= 3; r.Height -= 3;
using (GraphicsPath rr = RoundRect(r, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius))
{
using (Pen p = new Pen(this.HighlightColor))
{
g.DrawPath(p, rr);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws the background for the control
/// using the background image and the
/// BaseColor.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawBackground(Graphics g)
{
Color baseColor = this.BaseColor;
Color buttonColor = this.ButtonColor;
if (!this.Enabled)
{
baseColor = SystemColors.Control;
buttonColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
}
if (this.ButtonStyle == Style.Flat && this.mButtonState == State.None){return;}
int alpha = (mButtonState == State.Pressed) ? 204 : 127;
Rectangle r = this.ClientRectangle;
r.Width--; r.Height--;
using (GraphicsPath rr = RoundRect(r, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius))
{
using (SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush(baseColor))
{
g.FillPath(sb, rr);
}
SetClip(g);
if (this.BackImage != null){g.DrawImage(this.BackImage, this.ClientRectangle);}
g.ResetClip();
using (SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(alpha, buttonColor)))
{
g.FillPath(sb, rr);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws the Highlight over the top of the
/// control using the HightlightColor.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawHighlight(Graphics g)
{
if (this.ButtonStyle == Style.Flat && this.mButtonState == State.None){return;}
int alpha = (mButtonState == State.Pressed) ? 60 : 150;
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, this.Width, this.Height / 2);
using (GraphicsPath r = RoundRect(rect, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, 0, 0))
{
using (LinearGradientBrush lg = new LinearGradientBrush(r.GetBounds(),
Color.FromArgb(alpha, this.HighlightColor),
Color.FromArgb(alpha / 3, this.HighlightColor),
LinearGradientMode.Vertical))
{
g.FillPath(lg, r);
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws the glow for the button when the
/// mouse is inside the client area using
/// the GlowColor property.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawGlow(Graphics g)
{
if (this.mButtonState == State.Pressed){return;}
SetClip(g);
using (GraphicsPath glow = new GraphicsPath())
{
glow.AddEllipse(-5,this.Height / 2 - 10, this.Width + 11, this.Height + 11);
using (PathGradientBrush gl = new PathGradientBrush(glow))
{
gl.CenterColor = Color.FromArgb(mGlowAlpha, this.GlowColor);
gl.SurroundColors = new Color[] {Color.FromArgb(0, this.GlowColor)};
g.FillPath(gl, glow);
}
}
g.ResetClip();
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws the text for the button.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawText(Graphics g)
{
Color foreColor = this.ForeColor;
if (!this.Enabled)
foreColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlDark;
StringFormat sf = StringFormatAlignment(this.TextAlign);
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(8,8,this.Width - 17,this.Height - 17);
g.DrawString(this.ButtonText, this.Font, new SolidBrush(foreColor), r, sf);
}
/// <summary>
/// Draws the image for the button
/// </summary>
/// <param name="g">The graphics object used in the paint event.</param>
private void DrawImage(Graphics g)
{
if (this.Image == null) {return;}
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(8,8,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
switch (this.ImageAlign)
{
case ContentAlignment.TopCenter:
r = new Rectangle(this.Width / 2 - this.ImageSize.Width / 2,8,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.TopRight:
r = new Rectangle(this.Width - 8 - this.ImageSize.Width,8,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.MiddleLeft:
r = new Rectangle(8,this.Height / 2 - this.ImageSize.Height / 2,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter:
r = new Rectangle(this.Width / 2 - this.ImageSize.Width / 2,this.Height / 2 - this.ImageSize.Height / 2,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.MiddleRight:
r = new Rectangle(this.Width - 8 - this.ImageSize.Width,this.Height / 2 - this.ImageSize.Height / 2,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.BottomLeft:
r = new Rectangle(8,this.Height - 8 - this.ImageSize.Height,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.BottomCenter:
r = new Rectangle(this.Width / 2 - this.ImageSize.Width / 2,this.Height - 8 - this.ImageSize.Height,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
case ContentAlignment.BottomRight:
r = new Rectangle(this.Width - 8 - this.ImageSize.Width,this.Height - 8 - this.ImageSize.Height,this.ImageSize.Width,this.ImageSize.Height);
break;
}
g.DrawImage(this.Image,r);
}
private void SetClip(Graphics g)
{
Rectangle r = this.ClientRectangle;
r.X++; r.Y++; r.Width-=3; r.Height-=3;
using (GraphicsPath rr = RoundRect(r, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius))
{
g.SetClip(rr);
}
}
#endregion
#region - Private Subs -
private void VistaButton_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
{
e.Graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias;
e.Graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
DrawBackground(e.Graphics);
DrawHighlight(e.Graphics);
DrawImage(e.Graphics);
DrawText(e.Graphics);
DrawGlow(e.Graphics);
DrawOuterStroke(e.Graphics);
DrawInnerStroke(e.Graphics);
}
private void VistaButton_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Rectangle r = this.ClientRectangle;
r.X -= 1; r.Y -= 1;
r.Width += 2; r.Height += 2;
using (GraphicsPath rr = RoundRect(r, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius, CornerRadius))
{
this.Region = new Region(rr);
}
}
#region - Mouse and Keyboard Events -
private void VistaButton_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
mButtonState = State.Hover;
mFadeOut.Stop();
mFadeIn.Start();
}
private void VistaButton_MouseLeave(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
mButtonState = State.None;
if (this.mButtonStyle == Style.Flat) { mGlowAlpha = 0; }
mFadeIn.Stop();
mFadeOut.Start();
}
private void VistaButton_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
mButtonState = State.Pressed;
if (this.mButtonStyle != Style.Flat) { mGlowAlpha = 255; }
mFadeIn.Stop();
mFadeOut.Stop();
this.Invalidate();
}
}
private void mFadeIn_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.ButtonStyle == Style.Flat) {mGlowAlpha = 0;}
if (mGlowAlpha + 30 >= 255)
{
mGlowAlpha = 255;
mFadeIn.Stop();
}
else
{
mGlowAlpha += 30;
}
this.Invalidate();
}
private void mFadeOut_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (this.ButtonStyle == Style.Flat) {mGlowAlpha = 0;}
if (mGlowAlpha - 30 <= 0)
{
mGlowAlpha = 0;
mFadeOut.Stop();
}
else
{
mGlowAlpha -= 30;
}
this.Invalidate();
}
private void VistaButton_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
{
if (e.KeyCode == Keys.Space)
{
MouseEventArgs m = new MouseEventArgs(MouseButtons.Left,0,0,0,0);
VistaButton_MouseDown(sender, m);
}
}
private void VistaButton_KeyUp(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
{
if (e.KeyCode == Keys.Space)
{
MouseEventArgs m = new MouseEventArgs(MouseButtons.Left,0,0,0,0);
calledbykey = true;
VistaButton_MouseUp(sender, m);
}
}
private void VistaButton_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
{
mButtonState = State.Hover;
mFadeIn.Stop();
mFadeOut.Stop();
this.Invalidate();
if (calledbykey == true) {this.OnClick(EventArgs.Empty); calledbykey = false;}
}
}
#endregion
#endregion
}
答案 1 :(得分：2)
我将如何了解如何制作Windows窗体控件？
简单，每个控件都是使用Window方法创建的CreateWindowEx（由Winforms内部完成）。
从winforms的角度来看：Control是所有Windows的基类。有些控件是用非托管代码编写的，如ListView，ListBox等。对于它们，你无法在.net中看到绘图代码。它是在操作系统本身实现的（不确定他们住的是哪个dll）。 Winforms只提供了那些非托管控件的包装。
但是，有一些用c＃编写的纯托管控件。示例：DataGridView。你可以浏览代码。这里的master是OnPaint受保护的方法。在这里，您需要使用提供的Graphics实例编写所有自定义绘制逻辑。
关键是你要创建一个“数据结构”，其中包含绘制控件所需的所有项目。让我们说ItemRectangle，Text，Color，Font等。然后你一起使用它们在OnPaint方法中绘制你的自定义控件。
我是否需要使用GDI / GDI +来绘制所有内容？
您将使用System.Drawing和System.Drawing.Drawing2D命名空间来绘制控件。如果.net没有提供你的东西p / invoke Gdi / Gdi +
选择基类的建议：如果你的控件需要可滚动（ListView那种控件可能需要它）。因此，您可以选择ScrollableControl或Panel作为支持滚动的基类。否则，您可以继承Control类。
Developing Custom Windows Forms Controls with the .NET Framework
一切顺利：）