我想使用如下字典: 示例:{[8,16]:[[1,2,4,8],8],[16,24]:[[1,2,3,4,8,12],12]}
8和16是要输入的两个数字,我需要像上面那样构建一个字典。
使用setdefault,我可以在字典中创建值列表,但不能为键
创建列表以下是我的代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
This Program calculates common factors between two Numbers , which
is stored on a list and also greatest common factor is also computed.
All this is stored in a dictionary
Example: { '[n1, n2]': [[Commonfac1(n1,n2), Commonfac2(n1,n2)....Commonfacn(n1,n2)],GreatestCommonFactor] }
"""
def Factors(number):
result = []
for i in range(1, number+1):
if (number % i) == 0:
result.append(i)
return result
def Common_Factors(n1, n2):
result = []
for element in n1:
if element in n2:
result.append(element)
return result
def greatest_common_factor(common_factors):
count = 0
length = len(common_factors)
current_largest = common_factors[count]
for i in common_factors:
count += 1
if count <= length -1:
if current_largest < common_factors[count]:
current_largest = common_factors[count]
return current_largest
def main():
n1 = 8
n2 = 16
result1 = Factors(n1)
result2 = Factors(n2)
CF = Common_Factors(result1, result2)
GCF = greatest_common_factor(CF)
dict = {}
dict.setdefault([n1, n2], []).append(CF)
print dict
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
当我运行上述程序时,我得到以下错误:
$ python math74.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "math74.py", line 58, in <module>
main()
File "math74.py", line 54, in main
dict.setdefault([n1, n2], []).append(CF)
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
关于我如何达到上述目标的任何提示。 ?
澄清更多: {[8,16]:[[1,2,4,8],8],[16,24]:[[1,2,3,4,8,12],12]}
8,16是两个数字,它们是用户输入,1,2,4,8是常见因子,8是最大公因数。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
列表可能不是您想要的,因为: 1.列表是可变的。这意味着它可以更改(删除/添加/修改)其值。例如:
>>> testList = [1,5]
>>> d = {"myList": testL}
>>> d
{'myList': [1, 5]}
>>> testList.append(53)
>>> d
{'myList': [1, 5, 53]}
>>>
如您所见,可以更改列表,并且键必须是唯一的 对于不可变的数组类型,Python有一个元组。一旦定义了元组,就无法修改它。这意味着,您也可以将它用作目录中的键:
>>> myTuple = (4, 5)
>>> myDict = {myTuple: "here is the value"}
>>> myDict
{(4, 5): 'here is the value'}
>>> myTuple.append(9)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'
答案 1 :(得分:2)
如前所述,您可能很想将列表转换为元组,以便它可以清除。
另一种方法,特别适用于一些更复杂的对象,可能是使用pickle库,它将对象序列化。
一个例子:
import pickle
my_list = [8, 16]
my_value = 'some_value'
my_dict = {pickle.dumps(my_list): my_value}
my_dict[pickle.dumps([8, 16])] # This equals to 'some_value'