Question

我是PowerShell的新手，我正在编写一个脚本来获取目录的哈希并将其存储在.txt文件中。

然后我想将它与早期版本进行比较并检查更改。如果有更改，我想要一个新的.txt或.html文件，其中包含哪些订单项已更改，以及上次修改日期。

到目前为止，我已经进行了比较工作，并且基于通过/失败的结果步骤正常工作。

我需要帮助的是将结果输出到.txt文件中，该文件仅列出已更改的文件，包括算法，哈希，文件名，上次编辑时间字段。我知道我可以使用

(Get-Item $source).LastWriteTime

要获取写入时间，但我需要为目录中的每个文件执行此操作，而不仅仅是包含散列的.txt文件。

# Variables
$Hashstore = "d:\baseline.txt"
$HashCompare = "d:\hashcompare.txt"
$HashTemp = "d:\hashtemp.txt"
$FileDir = "d:\New2"
$DateTime = Get-Date -format M.d.yyyy.hh.mm.ss

# Email Variables
$smtp_server = '<yourSMTPServer>'
$to_email = '<email>'
$from_email = '<email>'
$dns_server = "<yourExternalDNSServer>"
$domain = "<yourDomain>"

# Check if Baseline.txt Exists
If (Test-Path $Hashstore)
    # // File exists
{}
Else {
    # // File does not exist - Should never happen!
    $RefreshHash = dir $FileDir | Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5
    $RefreshHash | Out-File $Hashstore
}

# Generate new Compare Hash.txt
$HashNew = dir $FileDir -Recurse | Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5
$HashNew | Out-File $HashCompare

# Get Hash of baseline.txt
$HashBaseline = Get-FileHash -Path d:\baseline.txt -Algorithm MD5

#Get Hash of hashcompare.txt
$HashDiff = Get-FileHash -Path d:\hashcompare.txt -Algorithm MD5

#If changed, output hash to storage, and flag changes
If ($HashBaseline.hash -eq $HashDiff.hash)
{
    Add-Content -Path d:\success.$DateTime.txt -Value " Source Files ARE EQUAL </p>"
}
else
{
    Add-Content -Path d:\failure.$DateTime.html -Value "Source Files NOT EQUAL </p>"
    $HashNew | Out-File $HashTemp
}

# Compare two logs, send email if there is a change

If ($diff_results)
{
    #$evt_message = Get-Content .\domain.new.txt | Out-String
    #Write-EventLog -LogName Application -EventId 9000 -EntryType Error -Source "Maximo Validation Script" -Message $evt_message
    #Send-MailMessage -To $to_email -From $from_email -SmtpServer $smtp_server -Attachments .\domain.new.txt -Subject "ALERT! Change in Records" -Body "A change has been detected in the Maximo system files.`n`n`tACTION REQUIRED!`n`nVerify that this change was authorized."
}

If ($HashNew.HashString -eq $Hashstore.HashString)
{
}
else
{
    $HashTemp | Out-File $HashStore
}

我知道add-item可能不是写入我创建的日志的最佳方式。将最后写入时间添加到每个读取的文件的最佳方法是什么？

Answer 1

以下是为每个已更改的文件输出所需信息（算法，哈希，文件名，上次编辑时间）的简洁方法：

$Hashstore = "d:\baseline.txt"
$HashCompare = "d:\hashcompare.txt"
$HashTemp = "d:\hashtemp.txt"
$FileDir = "d:\New2"
$DateTime = Get-Date -format M.d.yyyy.hh.mm.ss

    # Check if Baseline.txt Exists
If (Test-Path $Hashstore)
# // File exists
    {
}
Else {
     # // File does not exist - Should never happen!
     $RefreshHash = dir $FileDir -Recurse | Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5
     $RefreshHash | Export-Csv -Path $Hashstore -NoTypeInformation -Force
}

# Generate new Compare Hash.txt
$HashNew = dir $FileDir -Recurse | Get-FileHash -Algorithm MD5
$HashNew | Export-Csv -Path $HashCompare -NoTypeInformation -Force

# Get Hash of baseline.txt
$HashBaseline = Get-FileHash -Path $Hashstore -Algorithm MD5

#Get Hash of hashcompare.txt
$HashDiff = Get-FileHash -Path $HashCompare -Algorithm MD5

#If changed, output hash to storage, and flag changes
If ($HashBaseline.hash -eq $HashDiff.hash) {
    Add-Content -Path D:\success.$DateTime.txt -Value " Source Files ARE EQUAL </p>"
}
Else {
    Add-Content -Path D:\failure.$DateTime.txt -Value "Source Files NOT EQUAL </p>"
    $HashNew | Export-Csv -Path $HashTemp -NoTypeInformation -Force

    # Storing a collection of differences in $Diffs
    $Diffs = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject (Import-Csv $Hashstore) -DifferenceObject (Import-Csv $HashCompare)

    Foreach ($Diff in $Diffs) {
        $DiffHashInfo = $Diff | Select-Object -ExpandProperty InputObject
        $DiffFileInfo =  Get-ChildItem -Path $DiffHashInfo.Path

        # Creating a list of properties for the information you need
        $DiffObjProperties = [ordered]@{'Algorithm'=$DiffHashInfo.Algorithm
                               'Hash'=$DiffHashInfo.Hash
                               'Filename'=$DiffFileInfo.Name
                               'Last edit time'=$DiffFileInfo.LastWriteTime
                               }

        # Building a custom object from the list of properties in $DiffObjProperties
        $DiffObj = New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $DiffObjProperties
        $DiffObj
    }
}

在创建文件$ Hashstore和$ HashCompare之前，我将它们包含的信息转换为CSV格式，而不是纯文本。

使用Import-CSV可以让以后的内容更容易操作。这使得适当的对象具有我可以使用的属性。这也使它们更容易比较，这种比较的结果（$ Diffs）是这些正确对象的集合。

所以$ Diffs包含所有已更改的文件，并在Foreach语句中遍历每个文件。

这允许您为每个已更改的文件创建一个自定义对象（$ DiffObj），其中包含您需要的信息（$ DiffObjProperties）。

Answer 2

使用MD5哈希的PowerShell v3 +递归目录差异

我使用这个纯PowerShell（无依赖关系）递归文件内容diff。它为每个目录文件内容计算内存中的MD5哈希值（该算法是可配置的），并以标准PowerShell Compare-Object格式提供结果。

可以选择将其与摘要文本文件一起导出到CSV文件。它可以将rdiff.ps1文件放入路径中，也可以将内容复制到脚本中。

<强> USAGE: rdiff path/to/left,path/to/right [-s path/to/summary/dir]

这是gist。我在下面复制了以供参考，但我建议使用gist版本，因为随着时间的推移我将添加新功能。

#########################################################################
### USAGE: rdiff path/to/left,path/to/right [-s path/to/summary/dir]  ###
### ADD LOCATION OF THIS SCRIPT TO PATH                               ###
#########################################################################
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
  [parameter(HelpMessage="Stores the execution working directory.")]
  [string]$ExecutionDirectory=$PWD,

  [parameter(Position=0,HelpMessage="Compare two directories recursively for differences.")]
  [alias("c")]
  [string[]]$Compare,

  [parameter(HelpMessage="Export a summary to path.")]
  [alias("s")]
  [string]$ExportSummary
)

### FUNCTION DEFINITIONS ###

# SETS WORKING DIRECTORY FOR .NET #
function SetWorkDir($PathName, $TestPath) {
  $AbsPath = NormalizePath $PathName $TestPath
  Set-Location $AbsPath
  [System.IO.Directory]::SetCurrentDirectory($AbsPath)
}

# RESTORES THE EXECUTION WORKING DIRECTORY AND EXITS #
function SafeExit() {
  SetWorkDir /path/to/execution/directory $ExecutionDirectory
  Exit
}

function Print {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Message to print.")]
    [string]$Message,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a success.")]
    [alias("s")]
    [switch]$SuccessFlag,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a warning.")]
    [alias("w")]
    [switch]$WarningFlag,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies an error.")]
    [alias("e")]
    [switch]$ErrorFlag,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a fatal error.")]
    [alias("f")]
    [switch]$FatalFlag,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies a info message.")]
    [alias("i")]
    [switch]$InfoFlag = !$SuccessFlag -and !$WarningFlag -and !$ErrorFlag -and !$FatalFlag,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies blank lines to print before.")]
    [alias("b")]
    [int]$LinesBefore=0,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies blank lines to print after.")]
    [alias("a")]
    [int]$LinesAfter=0,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="Specifies if program should exit.")]
    [alias("x")]
    [switch]$ExitAfter
  )
  PROCESS {
    if($LinesBefore -ne 0) {
      foreach($i in 0..$LinesBefore) { Write-Host "" }
    }
    if($InfoFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" }
    if($SuccessFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Green" }
    if($WarningFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Orange" }
    if($ErrorFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Red" }
    if($FatalFlag) { Write-Host "$Message" -ForegroundColor "Red" -BackgroundColor "Black" }
    if($LinesAfter -ne 0) {
      foreach($i in 0..$LinesAfter) { Write-Host "" }
    }
    if($ExitAfter) { SafeExit }
  }
}

# VALIDATES STRING MIGHT BE A PATH #
function ValidatePath($PathName, $TestPath) {
  If([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($TestPath)) {
    Print -x -f "$PathName is not a path"
  }
}

# NORMALIZES RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE PATH TO ABSOLUTE PATH #
function NormalizePath($PathName, $TestPath) {
  ValidatePath "$PathName" "$TestPath"
  $TestPath = [System.IO.Path]::Combine((pwd).Path, $TestPath)
  $NormalizedPath = [System.IO.Path]::GetFullPath($TestPath)
  return $NormalizedPath
}


# VALIDATES STRING MIGHT BE A PATH AND RETURNS ABSOLUTE PATH #
function ResolvePath($PathName, $TestPath) {
  ValidatePath "$PathName" "$TestPath"
  $ResolvedPath = NormalizePath $PathName $TestPath
  return $ResolvedPath
}

# VALIDATES STRING RESOLVES TO A PATH AND RETURNS ABSOLUTE PATH #
function RequirePath($PathName, $TestPath, $PathType) {
  ValidatePath $PathName $TestPath
  If(!(Test-Path $TestPath -PathType $PathType)) {
    Print -x -f "$PathName ($TestPath) does not exist as a $PathType"
  }
  $ResolvedPath = Resolve-Path $TestPath
  return $ResolvedPath
}

# Like mkdir -p -> creates a directory recursively if it doesn't exist #
function MakeDirP {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Path create.")]
    [string]$Path
  )
  PROCESS {
    New-Item -path $Path -itemtype Directory -force | Out-Null
  }
}

# GETS ALL FILES IN A PATH RECURSIVELY #
function GetFiles {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Path to get files for.")]
    [string]$Path
  )
  PROCESS {
    ls $Path -r | where { !$_.PSIsContainer }
  }
}

# GETS ALL FILES WITH CALCULATED HASH PROPERTY RELATIVE TO A ROOT DIRECTORY RECURSIVELY #
# RETURNS LIST OF @{RelativePath, Hash, FullName}
function GetFilesWithHash {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Path to get directories for.")]
    [string]$Path,

    [parameter(HelpMessage="The hash algorithm to use.")]
    [string]$Algorithm="MD5"
  )
  PROCESS {
    $OriginalPath = $PWD
    SetWorkDir path/to/diff $Path
    GetFiles $Path | select @{N="RelativePath";E={$_.FullName | Resolve-Path -Relative}},
                            @{N="Hash";E={(Get-FileHash $_.FullName -Algorithm $Algorithm | select Hash).Hash}},
                            FullName
    SetWorkDir path/to/original $OriginalPath
  }
}

# COMPARE TWO DIRECTORIES RECURSIVELY #
# RETURNS LIST OF @{RelativePath, Hash, FullName}
function DiffDirectories {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=0,HelpMessage="Directory to compare left.")]
    [alias("l")]
    [string]$LeftPath,

    [parameter(Mandatory=$TRUE,Position=1,HelpMessage="Directory to compare right.")]
    [alias("r")]
    [string]$RightPath
  )
  PROCESS {
    $LeftHash = GetFilesWithHash $LeftPath
    $RightHash = GetFilesWithHash $RightPath
    diff -ReferenceObject $LeftHash -DifferenceObject $RightHash -Property RelativePath,Hash
  }
}

### END FUNCTION DEFINITIONS ###

### PROGRAM LOGIC ###

if($Compare.length -ne 2) {
  Print -x "Compare requires passing exactly 2 path parameters separated by comma, you passed $($Compare.length)." -f
}
Print "Comparing $($Compare[0]) to $($Compare[1])..." -a 1
$LeftPath   = RequirePath path/to/left $Compare[0] container
$RightPath  = RequirePath path/to/right $Compare[1] container
$Diff       = DiffDirectories $LeftPath $RightPath
$LeftDiff   = $Diff | where {$_.SideIndicator -eq "<="} | select RelativePath,Hash
$RightDiff   = $Diff | where {$_.SideIndicator -eq "=>"} | select RelativePath,Hash
if($ExportSummary) {
  $ExportSummary = ResolvePath path/to/summary/dir $ExportSummary
  MakeDirP $ExportSummary
  $SummaryPath = Join-Path $ExportSummary summary.txt
  $LeftCsvPath = Join-Path $ExportSummary left.csv
  $RightCsvPath = Join-Path $ExportSummary right.csv

  $LeftMeasure = $LeftDiff | measure
  $RightMeasure = $RightDiff | measure

  "== DIFF SUMMARY ==" > $SummaryPath
  "" >> $SummaryPath
  "-- DIRECTORIES --" >> $SummaryPath
  "`tLEFT -> $LeftPath" >> $SummaryPath
  "`tRIGHT -> $RightPath" >> $SummaryPath
  "" >> $SummaryPath
  "-- DIFF COUNT --" >> $SummaryPath
  "`tLEFT -> $($LeftMeasure.Count)" >> $SummaryPath
  "`tRIGHT -> $($RightMeasure.Count)" >> $SummaryPath
  "" >> $SummaryPath
  $Diff | Format-Table >> $SummaryPath

  $LeftDiff | Export-Csv $LeftCsvPath -f
  $RightDiff | Export-Csv $RightCsvPath -f
}
$Diff
SafeExit

Answer 3

另一个我的版本。但是没有日期/时间。

Invalid bean definition with name 'tagRepository' defined in null: Cannot register bean definition [Root bean: class [org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] for bean 'tagRepository': There is already [Generic bean: class [com.upday.task.repository.TagRepository]; scope=singleton; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null] bound.

The bean 'tagRepository', defined in null, could not be registered. A bean with that name has already been defined in null and overriding is disabled.

Action:

Consider renaming one of the beans or enabling overriding by setting spring.main.allow-bean-definition-overriding=true

比较filehash和输出文件

3 个答案:

使用MD5哈希的PowerShell v3 +递归目录差异