我尝试为我的服务器生成多个域的自签名证书。我在v3_req扩展中使用了openssl。 我使用此命令行生成具有多个域和扩展密钥用法的证书：
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in san_domain_com.csr -signkey san_domain_com.key -out san_domain_com.crt -extensions v3_req -extensions mysection -extfile openssl.cnf
结果是我的证书包含多个域，但不包含serverauth和clientauth的扩展密钥用法，我的网站也只能从Firefox访问。 有人对此有所了解吗？ 谢谢
我的openssl.conf文件的结构如下：
#
# OpenSSL example configuration file.
# This is mostly being used for generation of certificate requests.
#
# This definition stops the following lines choking if HOME isn't
# defined.
HOME = .
RANDFILE = $ENV::HOME/.rnd
# Extra OBJECT IDENTIFIER info:
#oid_file = $ENV::HOME/.oid
oid_section = new_oids
# To use this configuration file with the "-extfile" option of the
# "openssl x509" utility, name here the section containing the
# X.509v3 extensions to use:
# extensions =
# (Alternatively, use a configuration file that has only
# X.509v3 extensions in its main [= default] section.)
[ new_oids ]
# We can add new OIDs in here for use by 'ca' and 'req'.
# Add a simple OID like this:
# testoid1=1.2.3.4
# Or use config file substitution like this:
# testoid2=${testoid1}.5.6
streetAddress = 2.5.4.9
postalCode = 2.5.4.17
POBox = 2.5.4.18
####################################################################
[ ca ]
default_ca = CA_default # The default ca section
####################################################################
[ CA_default ]
dir = ./demoCA # Where everything is kept
certs = $dir/certs # Where the issued certs are kept
crl_dir = $dir/crl # Where the issued crl are kept
database = $dir/index.txt # database index file.
new_certs_dir = $dir/newcerts # default place for new certs.
certificate = $dir/cacert.pem # The CA certificate
serial = $dir/serial # The current serial number
crl = $dir/crl.pem # The current CRL
private_key = $dir/private/cakey.pem# The private key
RANDFILE = $dir/private/.rand # private random number file
x509_extensions = usr_cert # The extentions to add to the cert
# Extensions to add to a CRL. Note: Netscape communicator chokes on V2 CRLs
# so this is commented out by default to leave a V1 CRL.
# crl_extensions = crl_ext
default_days = 365 # how long to certify for
default_crl_days= 30 # how long before next CRL
default_md = sha1 # which md to use
preserve = no # keep passed DN ordering
# A few difference way of specifying how similar the request should look
# For type CA, the listed attributes must be the same, and the optional
# and supplied fields are just that :-)
policy = policy_match
# For the CA policy
[ policy_match ]
countryName = match
stateOrProvinceName = match
organizationName = match
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
# For the 'anything' policy
# At this point in time, you must list all acceptable 'object'
# types.
[ policy_anything ]
countryName = optional
stateOrProvinceName = optional
localityName = optional
organizationName = optional
organizationalUnitName = optional
commonName = supplied
emailAddress = optional
####################################################################
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
default_keyfile = privkey.pem
default_md = sha1
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions = v3_req
#attributes = req_attributes
x509_extensions = v3_ca # The extentions to add to the self signed cert
# Passwords for private keys if not present they will be prompted for
# input_password = secret
# output_password = secret
# This sets a mask for permitted string types. There are several options.
# default: PrintableString, T61String, BMPString.
# pkix : PrintableString, BMPString.
# utf8only: only UTF8Strings.
# nombstr : PrintableString, T61String (no BMPStrings or UTF8Strings).
# MASK:XXXX a literal mask value.
# WARNING: current versions of Netscape crash on BMPStrings or UTF8Strings
# so use this option with caution!
string_mask = nombstr
# req_extensions = v3_req # The extensions to add to a certificate request
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName = Nom du pays (code ISO a 2 lettres)
countryName_default = FR
countryName_min = 2
countryName_max = 2
stateOrProvinceName = Nom du departement
stateOrProvinceName_default = Alpes Maritimes
stateOrProvinceName_max = 64
localityName = Nom de la ville
localityName_default = Nice
localityName_max = 64
organizationName = Raison Sociale (nom officiel de l organisation)
organizationName_default = Michel Durand SA
organizationName_max = 64
# we can do this but it is not needed normally :-)
#1.organizationName = Second Organization Name (eg, company)
#1.organizationName_default = World Wide Web Pty Ltd
organizationalUnitName = Nom commercial, service, ou texte libre (optionnel)
organizationalUnitName_default = Fourni par TBS internet
organizationalUnitName_max = 64
commonName = Adresse du site a securiser (FQDN de votre site)
commonName_default = www.monsitessl.fr
commonName_max = 64
# SET-ex3 = SET extension number 3
[ req_attributes ]
challengePassword = A challenge password
challengePassword_min = 4
challengePassword_max = 20
unstructuredName = An optional company name
[ usr_cert ]
# These extensions are added when 'ca' signs a request.
# This goes against PKIX guidelines but some CAs do it and some software
# requires this to avoid interpreting an end user certificate as a CA.
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
# Here are some examples of the usage of nsCertType. If it is omitted
# the certificate can be used for anything *except* object signing.
# This is OK for an SSL server.
# nsCertType = server
# For an object signing certificate this would be used.
# nsCertType = objsign
# For normal client use this is typical
# nsCertType = client, email
# and for everything including object signing:
# nsCertType = client, email, objsign
# This is typical in keyUsage for a client certificate.
# keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
# This will be displayed in Netscape's comment listbox.
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# PKIX recommendations harmless if included in all certificates.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer:always
# This stuff is for subjectAltName and issuerAltname.
# Import the email address.
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy subject details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
#nsCaRevocationUrl = http://www.domain.dom/ca-crl.pem
#nsBaseUrl
#nsRevocationUrl
#nsRenewalUrl
#nsCaPolicyUrl
#nsSslServerName
[ v3_req ]
# Extensions to add to a certificate request
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1 = abc.bce.com
DNS.2 = abc.bced.com
DNS.3 = abc.bced.com
[ mysection ]
keyUsage = digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = codeSigning
[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA
# PKIX recommendation.
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always
# This is what PKIX recommends but some broken software chokes on critical
# extensions.
#basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
# So we do this instead.
basicConstraints = CA:true
# Key usage: this is typical for a CA certificate. However since it will
# prevent it being used as an test self-signed certificate it is best
# left out by default.
# keyUsage = cRLSign, keyCertSign
# Some might want this also
# nsCertType = sslCA, emailCA
# Include email address in subject alt name: another PKIX recommendation
# subjectAltName=email:copy
# Copy issuer details
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
# DER hex encoding of an extension: beware experts only!
# obj=DER:02:03
# Where 'obj' is a standard or added object
# You can even override a supported extension:
# basicConstraints= critical, DER:30:03:01:01:FF
[ crl_ext ]
# CRL extensions.
# Only issuerAltName and authorityKeyIdentifier make any sense in a CRL.
# issuerAltName=issuer:copy
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always,issuer:always
答案 0 :(得分：6)
有人对此有所了解吗？
浏览器参与CA /浏览器论坛。另一方是公共CA.有人称他们为“卡特尔”。浏览器具有称为“浏览器安全模型”或“Web应用程序安全模型”的安全模型。在此安全模型中，使用预定义可信锚点的集合。
卡特尔期望终端实体（服务器）证书由受信任的商店中的公共CA签署，浏览器随身携带它们。由于Chromium使用操作系统的信任存储，因此有一些人放弃了“随身携带”。
我希望您可能没有为正在测试的其他浏览器正确安装自签名证书。
您没有向我们出示导致您遇到麻烦的证书，因此我们只能推测它是否形成良好或有效。但我会尝试回答关于密钥使用和扩展密钥使用的问题。
我的openssl.conf文件结构如下......
[ mysection ]
keyUsage = digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = codeSigning
这是一个奇怪的组合。你在用它吗？如果是这样，你为什么要使用它？ （如果您发布了证书，将会很有帮助。）
以下是来自谷歌，微软和雅虎的一些证书。他们的服务器证书不包括代码签名，它们包括一些额外的用法。
$ openssl s_client -connect www.google.com:443 | openssl x509 -text -noout | grep -A 1 -i key
...
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
--
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
30:11:ED:AE:FE:C3:60:32:1D:CF:9C:B7:4B:B4:E3:DD:2D:1D:FC:40
--
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:4A:DD:06:16:1B:BC:F6:68:B5:76:F5:81:B6:BB:62:1A:BA:5A:81:2F
$ openssl s_client -connect www.microsoft.com:443 | openssl x509 -text -noout | grep -A 1 -i key
...
X509v3 Key Usage:
Digital Signature, Key Encipherment, Data Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Client Authentication, TLS Web Server Authentication
--
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
2B:DB:4A:3F:90:02:48:9E:0F:89:21:E2:EB:4A:73:1E:E0:0F:85:6B
--
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:EB:DB:11:5E:F8:09:9E:D8:D6:62:9C:FD:62:9D:E3:84:4A:28:E1:27
$ openssl s_client -connect www.yahoo.com:443 | openssl x509 -text -noout | grep -A 1 -i key
...
X509v3 Key Usage: critical
Digital Signature, Key Encipherment
X509v3 Extended Key Usage:
TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
--
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:0D:44:5C:16:53:44:C1:82:7E:1D:20:AB:25:F4:01:63:D8:BE:79:A5
具有扩展密钥用法的证书仅适用于Firefox ...
根据RFC 5280，扩展密钥用法是可选的。另一个标准是CA/Browser Forums Baseline Requirements，以及大多数公共CA用于颁发证书的策略。我不知道CA / B BR对终端实体证书的看法是什么，因为它太混乱了。
密钥用法
首先，RSA证书的密钥用法通常是digitalSignature和keyEncipherment。
如果您拥有包含Diffie-Hellman参数的证书，那么您将使用keyAgreement。我从未见过使用Diffie-Hellman签名（我认为这是ElGamal签名），所以我不相信带有Diffie-Hellman参数的证书应该包括digitalSignature。
您不应该使用dataEncipherment，因为您不希望使用密钥进行批量加密;相反，仅想要传输用于批量加密的密钥（相对于keyEncipherment）。
并且nonRepudiation没有任何意义，所以不要使用它。
扩展密钥用法
其次，RFC状态（在第4.2.1.12节中）：“[EKU]表示可以使用经认证的公钥的一个或多个目的，除了或代替基本目的关键用法扩展“。在CA/Browser Forums Baseline Requirements下，我 认为 扩展密钥用法对于最终实体证书是可选的。我只能说“我认为”，因为附录（B）（3）（G）令人困惑。我相当肯定EKU对于从属CA证书是强制性的。
因为我将扩展密钥用法视为可选属性，所以我通常会省略它。如果我要包含它，我会使用serverAuth和可能clientAuth（它们应该是互斥的，但我经常在证书中看到它们。）
配置文件
这是我用于生成用于测试的自签名证书的CONF文件。它是最小的，不包括OpenSSL配置文件中的额外部分。我从来没有在图书馆或浏览器中遇到过问题。
您必须取消注释# extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth并根据自己的喜好对其进行修改。
# Self Signed (note the addition of -x509):
# openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.cert.pem
# Signing Request (note the lack of -x509):
# openssl req -config example-com.conf -new -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout example-com.key.pem -days 365 -out example-com.req.pem
# Print it:
# openssl x509 -in example-com.cert.pem -text -noout
# openssl req -in example-com.req.pem -text -noout
[ req ]
default_bits = 2048
default_keyfile = server-key.pem
distinguished_name = subject
req_extensions = req_ext
x509_extensions = x509_ext
string_mask = utf8only
# The Subject DN can be formed using X501 or RFC 4514 (see RFC 4519 for a description).
# Its sort of a mashup. For example, RFC 4514 does not provide emailAddress.
[ subject ]
countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default = US
stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default = NY
localityName = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default = New York
organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company)
organizationName_default = Example, LLC
# Use a friendly name here because its presented to the user. The server's DNS
# names are placed in Subject Alternate Names. Plus, DNS names here is deprecated
# by both IETF and CA/Browser Forums.
commonName = Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name)
commonName_default = Example Company
emailAddress = Email Address
emailAddress_default = test@example.com
# Section x509_ext is used when generating a self-signed certificate. I.e., openssl req -x509 ...
[ x509_ext ]
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
# CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
# extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth
# Section req_ext is used when generating a certificate signing request. I.e., openssl req ...
[ req_ext ]
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
# RFC 5280, Section 4.2.1.12 makes EKU optional
# CA/Browser Baseline Requirements, Appendix (B)(3)(G) makes me confused
# extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth, clientAuth
[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1 = example.com
DNS.2 = www.example.com
DNS.3 = mail.example.com
DNS.4 = ftp.example.com
# Add these if you need them. But usually you don't want them or
# need them in production. You may need them for development.
# DNS.5 = localhost
# DNS.6 = localhost.localdomain
# DNS.7 = 127.0.0.1
# IPv6 localhost
# DNS.8 = ::1
# DNS.9 = fe80::1