我有一个查询
SELECT mua.Id,tnk.Plate,Cast(mua.Tarih as Date) as M_Date
FROM Muayene mua
LEFT JOIN Tanker tnk on (tnk.OID=mua.TankerId)
ORDER BY mua.Id DESC
但我需要结果
Id Plate 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
5 34VM7969 2011-08-02
4 34VM7969 2016-08-19
3 34VM7969 2017-03-19
1 34VM7969 2014-08-08
如何更改此结果的查询?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
您需要为每个日期值获取年份,然后对这些值进行PIVOT。您可以在SQL Server中使用几个不同的函数来实现此目的。
其中任何一个都会返回每个日期的年份,然后您将年份作为新列放在PIVOT中。
select plate, [2011], [2012], [2013], [2014], [2015], [2016], [2017]
from
(
SELECT tnk.Plate,
Cast(mua.Tarih as Date) as M_Date,
year(mua.Tarih) yr
FROM Muayene mua
LEFT JOIN Tanker tnk
on (tnk.OID=mua.TankerId)
) d
pivot
(
max(m_date)
for yr in ([2011], [2012], [2013], [2014], [2015], [2016], [2017])
) piv;
见Demo。您会注意到,在此查询中,我删除了列mua.Id
。这是因为当您转动数据时,您将按查询中的每一列进行分组,因为这些值是不同的,您将返回不同的行。通过从查询中删除列,您将返回结果:
| PLATE | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
|----------|------------|--------|--------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
| 34VM7969 | 2011-08-02 | (null) | (null) | 2014-08-08 | 2015-02-21 | 2016-08-19 | 2017-03-09 |
最后,如果您的日期数量未知,那么我建议做两件事 - 使用Calendar表,然后使用动态SQL。
然后,Calendar表只是一个可用于查询的日期列表,类似于:
create table calendar
(
date datetime
);
insert into calendar
select '2011-01-01' union all
select '2012-01-01' union all
select '2013-01-01' union all
select '2014-01-01' union all
select '2015-01-01' union all
select '2016-01-01' union all
select '2016-01-01' union all
select '2017-01-01' union all
select '2018-01-01'
然后,您将在sql字符串中创建年份列表并执行该字符串,类似于:
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
@query AS NVARCHAR(MAX)
select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(year(date))
from calendar
group by year(date)
order by year(date)
FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
,1,1,'')
set @query = 'SELECT plate, ' + @cols + '
from
(
select plate,
m_Date = convert(varchar(10), m_date, 120),
year(m_date) yr
from yourquery
) x
pivot
(
max(m_date)
for yr in (' + @cols + ')
) p '
execute sp_executesql @query;
请参阅Demo