我在python中定义基类,如
class Base(object):
def __init__(self):
self._changed = False
和一些派生类:
class Car(Base):
def set_type(self, type_):
# do something
def set_mileage(self, mileage):
# do something
class Flower(base):
def set_name(self, name):
# do something
在这个例子中,我现在想要设置属性' _changed'每当我调用其中一个派生类的True
方法时,到set
。我只想添加一行
self._changed = True
到每个set
方法,或使用装饰器,但每当调用名称以' set _'开头的方法时,我正在寻找一种更方便和自动的方法。我正在考虑使用__getattribute__
,如下所示未尝试过(而不是工作示例:
def __getattribute__(self, name):
if name.startswith('set_'):
self._changed = True
return self.__getattribute__(name)
那么如何以正确的方式实现呢?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
更新:这次使用包含setter和getter的元类和描述符的完整工作示例:
class Field(object):
def __get__(self, ins, type):
return getattr(ins, self.field_name, None)
def __set__(self, ins, val):
setattr(ins, self.field_name, val)
ins._changed = True
class Meta(type):
def __new__(cls, clsname, bases, dct):
for k, v in dct.items():
if isinstance(v, Field):
v.field_name = '_' + k
return type.__new__(cls, clsname, bases, dct)
class Base(object):
__metaclass__ = Meta
def __init__(self):
self._changed = False
class Car(Base):
type = Field()
mileage = Field()
class Flower(Base):
name = Field()
<强>演示:强>
>>> c = Car()
>>> c._changed
False
>>> c.type = "4X4"
>>> c._changed
True
>>> c1 = Car()
>>> c1._changed
False
>>> c1.mileage = 100
>>> c1._changed
True
>>> c.type
'4X4'
>>> c1.mileage
100
>>> f = Flower()
>>> f._changed
False
>>> f.name = "Rose"
>>> f._changed
True
>>> f.name
'Rose'
答案 1 :(得分:0)
我会使用装饰器。这样的事情(未经测试):
def isGet(func):
def newFunc(self, var):
self._changed = True
func(self, var)
return
return newFunc
然后在任何 get 方法中,您想要这种行为,只需执行
即可@isGet
def set_mileage(self, mileage):
# dosomething
答案 2 :(得分:0)
元类可以在这里工作:
from types import FunctionType
from functools import wraps
class Setter(type):
def __new__(cls, clsname, bases, dct):
for item in dct:
if item.startswith("set_") and isinstance(dct[item], FunctionType):
dct[item] = cls.changer(dct[item])
return super(Setter, cls).__new__(cls, clsname, bases, dct)
@staticmethod
def changer(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
self._changed = True
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
class Base(object):
__metaclass__ = Setter
def __init__(self):
self._changed = False
然后就像你通常那样从Base继承。
样本用法:
>>> from meta import Car
>>> c = Car()
>>> c._changed
False
>>> c.set_type("blah")
ok
>>> c._changed
True
元类只是自动装饰你班级中的任何方法&#39;以__dict__
开头的set_
。