在我使用Curses的Python脚本中,我有一个subwin,分配了一些文本。由于文本长度可能比窗口大小长,因此文本应该是可滚动的。
似乎没有像Curses窗口那样的CSS-“溢出”属性。在这方面,Python / Curses文档也相当神秘。
有没有人知道如何使用Python编写可滚动的Curses子窗口并实际滚动它?
\ edit:更准确的问题
答案 0 :(得分:26)
使用window.scroll确定它太复杂了,无法移动窗口内容。相反,curses.newpad为我做了。
创建一个pad:
mypad = curses.newpad(40,60)
mypad_pos = 0
mypad.refresh(mypad_pos, 0, 5, 5, 10, 60)
然后你可以通过增加/减少mypad_pos来滚动,具体取决于cmd中window.getch()的输入:
if cmd == curses.KEY_DOWN:
mypad_pos += 1
mypad.refresh(mypad_pos, 0, 5, 5, 10, 60)
elif cmd == curses.KEY_UP:
mypad_pos -= 1
mypad.refresh(mypad_pos, 0, 5, 5, 10, 60)
答案 1 :(得分:7)
是的,我对如何利用打击垫(为了滚动文本)感到有点困惑,在阅读这篇文章后仍然无法弄明白;特别是因为我想在内容为现有“行数组”的上下文中使用它。所以我准备了一个小例子,它显示newpad
和subpad
之间的相似性(和差异):
#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
import curses
# content - array of lines (list)
mylines = ["Line {0} ".format(id)*3 for id in range(1,11)]
import pprint
pprint.pprint(mylines)
def main(stdscr):
hlines = begin_y = begin_x = 5 ; wcols = 10
# calculate total content size
padhlines = len(mylines)
padwcols = 0
for line in mylines:
if len(line) > padwcols: padwcols = len(line)
padhlines += 2 ; padwcols += 2 # allow border
stdscr.addstr("padhlines "+str(padhlines)+" padwcols "+str(padwcols)+"; ")
# both newpad and subpad are <class '_curses.curses window'>:
mypadn = curses.newpad(padhlines, padwcols)
mypads = stdscr.subpad(padhlines, padwcols, begin_y, begin_x+padwcols+4)
stdscr.addstr(str(type(mypadn))+" "+str(type(mypads)) + "\n")
mypadn.scrollok(1)
mypadn.idlok(1)
mypads.scrollok(1)
mypads.idlok(1)
mypadn.border(0) # first ...
mypads.border(0) # ... border
for line in mylines:
mypadn.addstr(padhlines-1,1, line)
mypadn.scroll(1)
mypads.addstr(padhlines-1,1, line)
mypads.scroll(1)
mypadn.border(0) # second ...
mypads.border(0) # ... border
# refresh parent first, to render the texts on top
#~ stdscr.refresh()
# refresh the pads next
mypadn.refresh(0,0, begin_y,begin_x, begin_y+hlines, begin_x+padwcols)
mypads.refresh()
mypads.touchwin()
mypadn.touchwin()
stdscr.touchwin() # no real effect here
#stdscr.refresh() # not here! overwrites newpad!
mypadn.getch()
# even THIS command erases newpad!
# (unless stdscr.refresh() previously):
stdscr.getch()
curses.wrapper(main)
当你运行它时,首先你会得到(newpad
左,subpad
右):
┌────────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────────┐
│Line 1 Line 1 Line 1 ───│ │Line 1 Line 1 Line 1 ───│
│Line 2 Line 2 Line 2 │ │Line 2 Line 2 Line 2 │
│Line 3 Line 3 Line 3 │ │Line 3 Line 3 Line 3 │
│Line 4 Line 4 Line 4 │ │Line 4 Line 4 Line 4 │
│Line 5 Line 5 Line 5 │ │Line 5 Line 5 Line 5 │
│Line 6 Line 6 Line 6 │
│Line 7 Line 7 Line 7 │
│Line 8 Line 8 Line 8 │
│Line 9 Line 9 Line 9 │
│Line 10 Line 10 Line 10 │
└────────────────────────┘
一些注意事项:
newpad
和subpad
的宽度/高度应根据内容(num行/行数组的最大行宽)+最终边框空间scrollok()
- 而不是额外的宽度scroll()
为下一个refresh
所拥有的特殊newpad
方法,只允许在屏幕上显示此“全部内容”的某个区域; subpad
更多必须以───
部分显示的...Line 1 ───│
部分)。 有用的链接:
答案 2 :(得分:2)
设置window.scrollok(True)。
答案 3 :(得分:0)
这就是这个问题的答案: How to make a scrolling menu in python-curses
此代码允许您从字符串列表中的框中创建一个小滚动菜单。
您还可以使用此代码从sqlite查询或csv文件中获取字符串列表。
要编辑菜单的最大行数,您只需编辑max_row
即可。
如果按Enter键,程序将打印所选字符串值及其位置。
from __future__ import division #You don't need this in Python3
import curses
from math import *
screen = curses.initscr()
curses.noecho()
curses.cbreak()
curses.start_color()
screen.keypad( 1 )
curses.init_pair(1,curses.COLOR_BLACK, curses.COLOR_CYAN)
highlightText = curses.color_pair( 1 )
normalText = curses.A_NORMAL
screen.border( 0 )
curses.curs_set( 0 )
max_row = 10 #max number of rows
box = curses.newwin( max_row + 2, 64, 1, 1 )
box.box()
strings = [ "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "l", "m", "n" ] #list of strings
row_num = len( strings )
pages = int( ceil( row_num / max_row ) )
position = 1
page = 1
for i in range( 1, max_row + 1 ):
if row_num == 0:
box.addstr( 1, 1, "There aren't strings", highlightText )
else:
if (i == position):
box.addstr( i, 2, str( i ) + " - " + strings[ i - 1 ], highlightText )
else:
box.addstr( i, 2, str( i ) + " - " + strings[ i - 1 ], normalText )
if i == row_num:
break
screen.refresh()
box.refresh()
x = screen.getch()
while x != 27:
if x == curses.KEY_DOWN:
if page == 1:
if position < i:
position = position + 1
else:
if pages > 1:
page = page + 1
position = 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) )
elif page == pages:
if position < row_num:
position = position + 1
else:
if position < max_row + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ):
position = position + 1
else:
page = page + 1
position = 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) )
if x == curses.KEY_UP:
if page == 1:
if position > 1:
position = position - 1
else:
if position > ( 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ) ):
position = position - 1
else:
page = page - 1
position = max_row + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) )
if x == curses.KEY_LEFT:
if page > 1:
page = page - 1
position = 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) )
if x == curses.KEY_RIGHT:
if page < pages:
page = page + 1
position = ( 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ) )
if x == ord( "\n" ) and row_num != 0:
screen.erase()
screen.border( 0 )
screen.addstr( 14, 3, "YOU HAVE PRESSED '" + strings[ position - 1 ] + "' ON POSITION " + str( position ) )
box.erase()
screen.border( 0 )
box.border( 0 )
for i in range( 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ), max_row + 1 + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ) ):
if row_num == 0:
box.addstr( 1, 1, "There aren't strings", highlightText )
else:
if ( i + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ) == position + ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ) ):
box.addstr( i - ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ), 2, str( i ) + " - " + strings[ i - 1 ], highlightText )
else:
box.addstr( i - ( max_row * ( page - 1 ) ), 2, str( i ) + " - " + strings[ i - 1 ], normalText )
if i == row_num:
break
screen.refresh()
box.refresh()
x = screen.getch()
curses.endwin()
exit()
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我想使用滚动键盘来显示一些大型文本文件的内容,但这并不好用,因为文本可以有换行符,很难弄清楚一次显示多少个字符适合很多列和行。
所以我决定首先将我的文本文件拆分成精确的COLUMNS字符行,当行太短时用空格填充。然后滚动文本变得更加容易。
以下是显示任何文本文件的示例代码:
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import curses
import locale
import sys
def main(filename, filecontent, encoding="utf-8"):
try:
stdscr = curses.initscr()
curses.noecho()
curses.cbreak()
curses.curs_set(0)
stdscr.keypad(1)
rows, columns = stdscr.getmaxyx()
stdscr.border()
bottom_menu = u"(↓) Next line | (↑) Previous line | (→) Next page | (←) Previous page | (q) Quit".encode(encoding).center(columns - 4)
stdscr.addstr(rows - 1, 2, bottom_menu, curses.A_REVERSE)
out = stdscr.subwin(rows - 2, columns - 2, 1, 1)
out_rows, out_columns = out.getmaxyx()
out_rows -= 1
lines = map(lambda x: x + " " * (out_columns - len(x)), reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, [[x[i:i+out_columns] for i in xrange(0, len(x), out_columns)] for x in filecontent.expandtabs(4).splitlines()]))
stdscr.refresh()
line = 0
while 1:
top_menu = (u"Lines %d to %d of %d of %s" % (line + 1, min(len(lines), line + out_rows), len(lines), filename)).encode(encoding).center(columns - 4)
stdscr.addstr(0, 2, top_menu, curses.A_REVERSE)
out.addstr(0, 0, "".join(lines[line:line+out_rows]))
stdscr.refresh()
out.refresh()
c = stdscr.getch()
if c == ord("q"):
break
elif c == curses.KEY_DOWN:
if len(lines) - line > out_rows:
line += 1
elif c == curses.KEY_UP:
if line > 0:
line -= 1
elif c == curses.KEY_RIGHT:
if len(lines) - line >= 2 * out_rows:
line += out_rows
elif c == curses.KEY_LEFT:
if line >= out_rows:
line -= out_rows
finally:
curses.nocbreak(); stdscr.keypad(0); curses.echo(); curses.curs_set(1)
curses.endwin()
if __name__ == '__main__':
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding()
try:
filename = sys.argv[1]
except:
print "Usage: python %s FILENAME" % __file__
else:
try:
with open(filename) as f:
filecontent = f.read()
except:
print "Unable to open file %s" % filename
else:
main(filename, filecontent, encoding)
主要技巧是这一行:
lines = map(lambda x: x + " " * (out_columns - len(x)), reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, [[x[i:i+out_columns] for i in xrange(0, len(x), out_columns)] for x in filecontent.expandtabs(4).splitlines()]))
首先,文本中的表格被转换为空格,然后我使用splitlines()方法将我的文本转换为行数组。 但是有些行可能比我们的COLUMNS数字长,所以我将COLUMNS字符块中的每一行拆分,然后使用reduce来在行列表中转换结果列表。 最后,我使用map用尾随空格填充每一行,使其长度正好是COLUMNS字符。
希望这有帮助。
答案 5 :(得分:0)
另一种方法是使用带有切片符号的列表上的 for 循环打印可见项。也就是说,您选择要显示的列表的特定部分,然后每次向上或向下按一个键时增加或减少一个增量以更改范围。
比如flutter_svg
,其中y 是开头,coverage 决定了您要在列表中显示多少项。 >
list[ y : y + coverage ]