背景:sqlite应该用于存储可以使用SNMP查询的信息。 SNMP以OID的层次结构组织信息,并支持3种类型的查询:
我从下表开始:
PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
CREATE TABLE data (
oid TEXT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
parent TEXT REFERENCES data(oid) ON DELETE CASCADE CHECK(oid = '1' OR parent IS NOT NULL),
leaf_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
value BLOB DEFAULT NULL,
CHECK(parent IS NULL OR oid = parent || '.' || leaf_id)
);
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1', NULL, 1, NULL);
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.5', '1', 5, NULL);
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.5.2', '1.5', 2, 'foo');
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.5.11', '1.5', 11, 'foo');
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.5.1', '1.5', 1, 'foo');
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.3', '1', 3, NULL);
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.3.4', '1.3', 4, 'foo');
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.3.7', '1.3', 7, 'foo');
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.3.5', '1.3', 5, 'foo');
INSERT INTO data VALUES ('1.3.6', '1.3', 6, 'foo');
将OID的最后一部分存储为INT的想法是能够按字典顺序排列具有相同父项的所有项目。
第一种查询类型很容易编写。但是 - 由于我对SQL的经验有限 - 在第二和第三种情况下编写查询时很困难。 我认为应该可以使用正确的WITH RECURSIVE ... SELECT构造。到目前为止,我找不到一种方法来结合3种情况(第一个孩子,下一个兄弟,下一个父母)和正确的排序也不起作用。另一个复杂性是必须忽略值为NULL的所有OID。
如果有人能提供这两个问题或协助我写这些问题,我将非常感激。
如果查询过于复杂或无法编写,另一个想法是将另一列“next”添加到下一个项目的“指针”,并使用触发器填充下一个值。
我不喜欢使用嵌套集 - 对于插入/删除来说太复杂和缓慢。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
检索子树很简单:
WITH RECURSIVE subtree(oid, value, depth, leaf_id) AS (
SELECT oid,
value,
0 AS depth,
leaf_id
FROM data
WHERE oid = '1' -- start of subtree
UNION ALL
SELECT child.oid,
child.value,
parent.depth + 1,
child.leaf_id
FROM data AS child
JOIN subtree AS parent ON child.parent = parent.oid
ORDER BY depth DESC, leaf_id ASC
)
SELECT oid, value
FROM subtree
WHERE value IS NOT NULL
仅需按字典顺序对结果进行排序,才需要depth
和leaf_id
值。
您应该在parent
列上有一个索引。
至于字典下一个项目,首先考虑下面的CTE,它只是通过树,但记住下面最后一层的叶值:
WITH RECURSIVE parents(oid, parent, previous_leaf, step, leaf_id) AS (
SELECT oid,
parent,
-1,
0 AS step,
leaf_id
FROM data
WHERE oid = '1.3.4' -- start point
UNION ALL
SELECT parent.oid,
parent.parent,
child.leaf_id,
child.step + 1,
parent.leaf_id
FROM data AS parent
JOIN parents AS child ON parent.oid = child.parent
ORDER BY step
)
SELECT oid, previous_leaf FROM parents
oid previous_leaf
---------- -------------
1.3.4 -1 (1.)
1.3 4 (2.)
1 3 (3.)
对于每个结果行,我们搜索<{>} 下面的 oid
值的子树时会发生什么情况,并且该子树中的顶级叶必须为的附加限制大于 previous_leaf
值?
1.3.4
的孩子。 (previous_leaf
无效。)1.3.4
的更大的诽谤,例如1.3.5
。1.3
的更大的诽谤,例如1.5
。所以现在我们只需要进行子树搜索:
WITH RECURSIVE parents(oid, parent, previous_leaf, step, leaf_id) AS (
... see above ...
),
subtree(oid, value, depth, leaf_id, previous_leaf, step) AS (
SELECT oid,
NULL, -- interesting items are only *below* top of subtree
0 AS depth,
leaf_id,
previous_leaf,
step
FROM parents
UNION ALL
SELECT child.oid,
child.value,
parent.depth + 1,
child.leaf_id,
-1, -- previous_leaf mattered only at the top
parent.step
FROM data AS child
JOIN subtree AS parent ON child.parent = parent.oid
WHERE child.leaf_id > parent.previous_leaf
ORDER BY step, depth DESC, leaf_id
)
SELECT oid, value
FROM subtree
WHERE value IS NOT NULL
LIMIT 1 -- only the first item