我有一个非常大的Oracle数据库,有许多表和数百万行。我需要删除其中一个,但是要确保删除它不会破坏任何指向它作为外键记录的其他依赖行。有没有办法获得指向此行的所有其他记录或至少表格模式的列表?我知道我可以尝试自己删除它,并捕获异常,但我不会自己运行脚本,需要它第一次运行清理。
我有来自Oracle的SQL Developer工具和来自AllRoundAutomations的PL / SQL Developer。
提前致谢!
答案 0 :(得分:31)
这是我列出对表的所有引用的解决方案:
select
src_cc.owner as src_owner,
src_cc.table_name as src_table,
src_cc.column_name as src_column,
dest_cc.owner as dest_owner,
dest_cc.table_name as dest_table,
dest_cc.column_name as dest_column,
c.constraint_name
from
all_constraints c
inner join all_cons_columns dest_cc on
c.r_constraint_name = dest_cc.constraint_name
and c.r_owner = dest_cc.owner
inner join all_cons_columns src_cc on
c.constraint_name = src_cc.constraint_name
and c.owner = src_cc.owner
where
c.constraint_type = 'R'
and dest_cc.owner = 'MY_TARGET_SCHEMA'
and dest_cc.table_name = 'MY_TARGET_TABLE'
--and dest_cc.column_name = 'MY_OPTIONNAL_TARGET_COLUMN'
;
使用此解决方案,您还可以获得哪个表的哪一列引用目标表的哪一列(并且可以对其进行过滤)的信息。
答案 1 :(得分:26)
我总是看着起始表的外键,然后回去工作。数据库工具通常具有依赖项或约束节点。我知道PL / SQL Developer有办法看FK,但是我用了它已经有一段时间了,所以我无法解释它......
只需将XXXXXXXXXXXX替换为表名...
/* The following query lists all relationships */
select
a.owner||'.'||a.table_name "Referenced Table"
,b.owner||'.'||b.table_name "Referenced by"
,b.constraint_name "Foreign Key"
from all_constraints a, all_constraints b
where
b.constraint_type = 'R'
and a.constraint_name = b.r_constraint_name
and b.table_name='XXXXXXXXXXXX' -- Table name
order by a.owner||'.'||a.table_name
答案 2 :(得分:7)
我最近遇到了类似的问题,但很快就遇到了,找到直接的依赖关系是不够的。所以我编写了一个查询来显示多级外键依赖关系的树:
SELECT LPAD(' ',4*(LEVEL-1)) || table1 || ' <-- ' || table2 tables, table2_fkey
FROM
(SELECT a.table_name table1, b.table_name table2, b.constraint_name table2_fkey
FROM user_constraints a, user_constraints b
WHERE a.constraint_type IN('P', 'U')
AND b.constraint_type = 'R'
AND a.constraint_name = b.r_constraint_name
AND a.table_name != b.table_name
AND b.table_name <> 'MYTABLE')
CONNECT BY PRIOR table2 = table1 AND LEVEL <= 5
START WITH table1 = 'MYTABLE';
在我的数据库中使用SHIPMENT作为MYTABLE时,它给出了这样的结果:
SHIPMENT <-- ADDRESS
SHIPMENT <-- PACKING_LIST
PACKING_LIST <-- PACKING_LIST_DETAILS
PACKING_LIST <-- PACKING_UNIT
PACKING_UNIT <-- PACKING_LIST_ITEM
PACKING_LIST <-- PO_PACKING_LIST
...
答案 3 :(得分:3)
我们可以使用数据字典来标识引用相关表的主键的表。从中我们可以生成一些动态SQL来查询这些表以获取我们想要的值:
SQL> declare
2 n pls_integer;
3 tot pls_integer := 0;
4 begin
5 for lrec in ( select table_name from user_constraints
6 where r_constraint_name = 'T23_PK' )
7 loop
8 execute immediate 'select count(*) from '||lrec.table_name
9 ||' where col2 = :1' into n using &&target_val;
10 if n = 0 then
11 dbms_output.put_line('No impact on '||lrec.table_name);
12 else
13 dbms_output.put_line('Uh oh! '||lrec.table_name||' has '||n||' hits!');
14 end if;
15 tot := tot + n;
16 end loop;
17 if tot = 0
18 then
19 delete from t23 where col2 = &&target_val;
20 dbms_output.put_line('row deleted!');
21 else
22 dbms_output.put_line('delete aborted!');
23 end if;
24 end;
25 /
Enter value for target_val: 6
No impact on T34
Uh oh! T42 has 2 hits!
No impact on T69
delete aborted!
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
这个例子有点欺骗。目标主键的名称是硬编码的,并且引用列在所有从属表上具有相同的名称。修复这些问题留给读者练习;)
答案 4 :(得分:0)
我很惊讶基于外键关系找到表的依赖顺序是多么困难。我需要它,因为我想从所有表中删除数据并再次导入。这是我写的用于按依赖顺序列出表的查询。我能够使用下面的查询编写删除脚本,并以相反的顺序使用查询结果再次导入。
{{1}}
答案 5 :(得分:0)
Oracle约束使用表索引来引用数据 要找出哪些表引用了一个表,只需按相反的顺序查找索引。
/* Toggle ENABLED and DISABLE status for any referencing constraint: */
select 'ALTER TABLE '||b.owner||'.'||b.table_name||' '||
decode(b.status, 'ENABLED', 'DISABLE ', 'ENABLE ')||
'CONSTRAINT '||b.constraint_name||';'
from all_indexes a,
all_constraints b
where a.table_name='XXXXXXXXXXXX' -- Table name
and a.index_name = b.r_constraint_name;
Obs。:禁用引用可显着改善DML命令的时间(更新,删除和插入)。
这可以在批量操作中提供很多帮助,您知道所有数据都是一致的。
/* List which columns are referenced in each constraint */
select ' TABLE "'||b.owner||'.'||b.table_name||'"'||
'('||listagg (c.column_name, ',') within group (order by c.column_name)||')'||
' FK "'||b.constraint_name||'" -> '||a.table_name||
' INDEX "'||a.index_name||'"'
"REFERENCES"
from all_indexes a,
all_constraints b,
all_cons_columns c
where rtrim(a.table_name) like 'XXXXXXXXXXXX' -- Table name
and a.index_name = b.r_constraint_name
and c.constraint_name = b.constraint_name
group by b.owner, b.table_name, b.constraint_name, a.table_name, a.index_name
order by 1;
答案 6 :(得分:0)
也有类似情况。就我而言,我有几条记录以相同的ID结束(仅因大小写而异)。想要检查每个人都有哪些相关记录,以了解最容易删除/更新的记录
以下内容按每个子表打印出指向给定记录的所有子记录,并对每个表/主记录组合进行计数
declare
--
-- Finds and prints out how many children there are per table and value for each value of a given field
--
-- Name of the table to base the query on
cTable constant varchar2(20) := 'FOO';
-- Name of the column to base the query on
cCol constant varchar2(10) := 'ID';
-- Cursor to find interesting values (e.g. duplicates) in master table
cursor cVals is
select id
from foo f
where exists ( select 1 from foo f2
where upper(f.id) = upper(f2.id)
and f.rowid != f2.rowid );
-- Everything below here should just work
vNum number(18,0);
vSql varchar2(4000);
cOutColSize number(2,0) := 30;
cursor cReferencingTables is
select
consChild.table_name,
consChild.constraint_name,
colChild.column_name
from user_constraints consMast
inner join user_constraints consChild on consMast.constraint_name = consChild.r_constraint_name
inner join USER_CONS_COLUMNS colChild on consChild.CONSTRAINT_NAME = colChild.CONSTRAINT_NAME
inner join USER_CONS_COLUMNS colMast on colMast.CONSTRAINT_NAME = consMast.CONSTRAINT_NAME
where consChild.constraint_type = 'R'
and consMast.table_name = cTable
and colMast.column_name = cCol
order by consMast.table_name, consChild.table_name;
begin
dbms_output.put_line(
rpad('Table', cOutColSize) ||
rpad('Column', cOutColSize) ||
rpad('Value', cOutColSize) ||
rpad('Number', cOutColSize)
);
for rRef in cReferencingTables loop
for rVals in cVals loop
vSql := 'select count(1) from ' || rRef.table_name || ' where ' || rRef.column_name || ' = ''' || rVals.id || '''';
execute immediate vSql into vNum;
if vNum > 0 then
dbms_output.put_line(
rpad(rRef.table_name, cOutColSize) ||
rpad(rRef.column_name, cOutColSize) ||
rpad(rVals.id, cOutColSize) ||
rpad(vNum, cOutColSize) );
end if;
end loop;
end loop;
end;