在Python中将params添加到给定的URL

时间:2010-03-24 09:06:21

标签: python url

假设我获得了一个URL 它可能已经有GET参数(例如http://example.com/search?q=question),也可能没有(例如http://example.com/)。

现在我需要像{'lang':'en','tag':'python'}一样添加一些参数。在第一种情况下,我将获得http://example.com/search?q=question&lang=en&tag=python,在第二种情况下,我将获得http://example.com/search?lang=en&tag=python

有没有标准方法可以做到这一点?

15 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:154)

urlliburlparse模块存在一些怪癖。这是一个有效的例子:

try:
    import urlparse
    from urllib import urlencode
except: # For Python 3
    import urllib.parse as urlparse
    from urllib.parse import urlencode

url = "http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=question"
params = {'lang':'en','tag':'python'}

url_parts = list(urlparse.urlparse(url))
query = dict(urlparse.parse_qsl(url_parts[4]))
query.update(params)

url_parts[4] = urlencode(query)

print(urlparse.urlunparse(url_parts))

ParseResulturlparse()is read-only的结果,在我们尝试修改数据之前,我们需要将其转换为list

答案 1 :(得分:39)

为什么

我对此页面上的所有解决方案都不满意(来了,我们最喜欢的复制粘贴的东西在哪里?)所以我根据这里的答案编写了自己的解决方案。它试图完成并且更加Pythonic。我在参数中添加了 dict bool 值的处理程序,以便更加消费者( JS )友好,但它们是可选的,你可以放弃它们。

如何运作

测试1:添加新参数,处理Arrays和Bool值:

url = 'http://stackoverflow.com/test'
new_params = {'answers': False, 'data': ['some','values']}

add_url_params(url, new_params) == \
    'http://stackoverflow.com/test?data=some&data=values&answers=false'

测试2:重写现有的args,处理DICT值:

url = 'http://stackoverflow.com/test/?question=false'
new_params = {'question': {'__X__':'__Y__'}}

add_url_params(url, new_params) == \
    'http://stackoverflow.com/test/?question=%7B%22__X__%22%3A+%22__Y__%22%7D'

谈话很便宜。告诉我代码。

代码本身。我试图详细描述它:

from json import dumps

try:
    from urllib import urlencode, unquote
    from urlparse import urlparse, parse_qsl, ParseResult
except ImportError:
    # Python 3 fallback
    from urllib.parse import (
        urlencode, unquote, urlparse, parse_qsl, ParseResult
    )


def add_url_params(url, params):
    """ Add GET params to provided URL being aware of existing.

    :param url: string of target URL
    :param params: dict containing requested params to be added
    :return: string with updated URL

    >> url = 'http://stackoverflow.com/test?answers=true'
    >> new_params = {'answers': False, 'data': ['some','values']}
    >> add_url_params(url, new_params)
    'http://stackoverflow.com/test?data=some&data=values&answers=false'
    """
    # Unquoting URL first so we don't loose existing args
    url = unquote(url)
    # Extracting url info
    parsed_url = urlparse(url)
    # Extracting URL arguments from parsed URL
    get_args = parsed_url.query
    # Converting URL arguments to dict
    parsed_get_args = dict(parse_qsl(get_args))
    # Merging URL arguments dict with new params
    parsed_get_args.update(params)

    # Bool and Dict values should be converted to json-friendly values
    # you may throw this part away if you don't like it :)
    parsed_get_args.update(
        {k: dumps(v) for k, v in parsed_get_args.items()
         if isinstance(v, (bool, dict))}
    )

    # Converting URL argument to proper query string
    encoded_get_args = urlencode(parsed_get_args, doseq=True)
    # Creating new parsed result object based on provided with new
    # URL arguments. Same thing happens inside of urlparse.
    new_url = ParseResult(
        parsed_url.scheme, parsed_url.netloc, parsed_url.path,
        parsed_url.params, encoded_get_args, parsed_url.fragment
    ).geturl()

    return new_url

请注意,可能存在一些问题,如果您找到一个问题请告诉我,我们会更好地做这件事

答案 2 :(得分:32)

如果字符串可以包含任意数据,则需要使用URL编码(例如,“&符”,“斜杠”等字符需要编码)。

查看urllib.urlencode:

>>> import urllib
>>> urllib.urlencode({'lang':'en','tag':'python'})
'lang=en&tag=python'

答案 3 :(得分:18)

您还可以使用furl模块https://github.com/gruns/furl

>>> from furl import furl
>>> print furl('http://example.com/search?q=question').add({'lang':'en','tag':'python'}).url
http://example.com/search?q=question&lang=en&tag=python

答案 4 :(得分:9)

是:使用urllib

来自文档中的examples

>>> import urllib
>>> params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
>>> f = urllib.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s" % params)
>>> print f.geturl() # Prints the final URL with parameters.
>>> print f.read() # Prints the contents

答案 5 :(得分:8)

如果您使用requests lib

import requests
...
params = {'tag': 'python'}
requests.get(url, params=params)

答案 6 :(得分:7)

基于this回答,简单案例的单行(Python 3代码):

from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode


url = "https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=question"
params = {'lang':'en','tag':'python'}

url += ('&' if urlparse(url).query else '?') + urlencode(params)

或:

url += ('&', '?')[urlparse(url).query == ''] + urlencode(params)

答案 7 :(得分:7)

将其外包给经过测试的战斗requests library

我将这样做:

from requests.models import PreparedRequest
url = 'http://example.com/search?q=question'
params = {'lang':'en','tag':'python'}
req = PreparedRequest()
req.prepare_url(url, params)
print(req.url)

答案 8 :(得分:6)

我喜欢Łukasz版本,但由于urllib和urllparse函数在这种情况下使用起来有些尴尬,我认为做这样的事情更直接:

params = urllib.urlencode(params)

if urlparse.urlparse(url)[4]:
    print url + '&' + params
else:
    print url + '?' + params

答案 9 :(得分:3)

使用各种urlparse功能拆分现有网址urllib.urlencode(),然后urlparse.urlunparse()将所有网页重新组合在一起。

或者只是取urllib.urlencode()的结果并将其连接到URL。

答案 10 :(得分:3)

又一个答案:

def addGetParameters(url, newParams):
    (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment) = urlparse.urlparse(url)
    queryList = urlparse.parse_qsl(query, keep_blank_values=True)
    for key in newParams:
        queryList.append((key, newParams[key]))
    return urlparse.urlunparse((scheme, netloc, path, params, urllib.urlencode(queryList), fragment))

答案 11 :(得分:2)

我发现这比两个最重要的答案更为优雅:

from urllib.parse import urlencode, urlparse, parse_qs

def merge_url_query_params(url: str, additional_params: dict) -> str:
    url_components = urlparse(url)
    original_params = parse_qs(url_components.query)
    # Before Python 3.5 you could update original_params with 
    # additional_params, but here all the variables are immutable.
    merged_params = {**original_params, **additional_params}
    updated_query = urlencode(merged_params, doseq=True)
    # _replace() is how you can create a new NamedTuple with a changed field
    return url_components._replace(query=updated_query).geturl()

assert merge_url_query_params(
    'http://example.com/search?q=question',
    {'lang':'en','tag':'python'},
) == 'http://example.com/search?q=question&lang=en&tag=python'

我最不喜欢的最重要的事情(尽管如此)还是不错的:

  • Łukasz:必须记住query在URL组件中的索引
  • Sapphire64:创建更新的ParseResult
  • 的非常冗长的方法

我的回答不好的是使用解压缩的dict看起来很神奇,但是由于我对可变性的偏见,我更喜欢更新现有的字典。

答案 12 :(得分:1)

在python 2.5中

import cgi
import urllib
import urlparse

def add_url_param(url, **params):
    n=3
    parts = list(urlparse.urlsplit(url))
    d = dict(cgi.parse_qsl(parts[n])) # use cgi.parse_qs for list values
    d.update(params)
    parts[n]=urllib.urlencode(d)
    return urlparse.urlunsplit(parts)

url = "http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=question"
add_url_param(url, lang='en') == "http://stackoverflow.com/search?q=question&lang=en"

答案 13 :(得分:1)

以下是我实施它的方式。

import urllib

params = urllib.urlencode({'lang':'en','tag':'python'})
url = ''
if request.GET:
   url = request.url + '&' + params
else:
   url = request.url + '?' + params    

像魅力一样工作。但是,我希望有一种更清洁的方式来实现它。

实现上述方法的另一种方法是将其放在方法中。

import urllib

def add_url_param(request, **params):
   new_url = ''
   _params = dict(**params)
   _params = urllib.urlencode(_params)

   if _params:
      if request.GET:
         new_url = request.url + '&' + _params
      else:
         new_url = request.url + '?' + _params
   else:
      new_url = request.url

   return new_ur

答案 14 :(得分:1)

python3,我想是自我解释

from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode, parse_qsl

url = 'https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search?keywords=engineer'

parsed = urlparse(url)
current_params = dict(parse_qsl(parsed.query))
new_params = {'location': 'United States'}
merged_params = urlencode({**current_params, **new_params})
parsed = parsed._replace(query=merged_params)

print(parsed.geturl())
# https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/search?keywords=engineer&location=United+States