我正在使用SQL创建临时过程，因为我有一个以markdown编写的表的值，因此它在Web浏览器中显示为呈现的HTML （降级为HTML转换） ）
列的字符串当前如下所示：
Questions about **general computing hardware and software** are off-topic for Stack Overflow unless they directly involve tools used primarily for programming. You may be able to get help on [Super User](http://superuser.com/about)
我目前正在使用粗体和斜体文字。这意味着（在粗体文字的情况下）我将需要将**模式的奇数N替换为<b>，将偶数替换为</b>。
我看到了replace()，但它对字符串的所有模式执行了替换。
那么我怎样才能替换子字符串，只要它是奇数或只是偶数？
更新： 有些人想知道我使用的模式是什么，所以只需看看here。
如果您愿意，还可以增加一个额外内容： html超链接的降价样式超链接看起来并不简单。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
使用STUFF函数和简单的WHILE循环：
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fn_OddEvenReplace(@text nvarchar(500),
@textToReplace nvarchar(10),
@oddText nvarchar(10),
@evenText nvarchar(500))
RETURNS varchar(max)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @counter tinyint
SET @counter = 1
DECLARE @switchText nvarchar(10)
WHILE CHARINDEX(@textToReplace, @text, 1) > 0
BEGIN
SELECT @text = STUFF(@text,
CHARINDEX(@textToReplace, @text, 1),
LEN(@textToReplace),
IIF(@counter%2=0,@evenText,@oddText)),
@counter = @counter + 1
END
RETURN @text
END
你可以像这样使用它：
SELECT dbo.fn_OddEvenReplace(column, '**', '<b>', '</b>')
FROM table
更新：
这被重写为SP：
CREATE PROC dbo.##sp_OddEvenReplace @text nvarchar(500),
@textToReplace nvarchar(10),
@oddText nvarchar(10),
@evenText nvarchar(10),
@returnText nvarchar(500) output
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @counter tinyint
SET @counter = 1
DECLARE @switchText nvarchar(10)
WHILE CHARINDEX(@textToReplace, @text, 1) > 0
BEGIN
SELECT @text = STUFF(@text,
CHARINDEX(@textToReplace, @text, 1),
LEN(@textToReplace),
IIF(@counter%2=0,@evenText,@oddText)),
@counter = @counter + 1
END
SET @returnText = @text
END
GO
执行：
DECLARE @returnText nvarchar(500)
EXEC dbo.##sp_OddEvenReplace '**a** **b** **c**', '**', '<b>', '</b>', @returnText output
SELECT @returnText
答案 1 :(得分：1)
根据OP的请求，我修改了我之前的答案，以执行临时存储过程。我已经离开了我之前的答案，因为我相信对字符串表的使用也是有用的。
如果已知Tally（或Numbers）表已存在至少8000个值，则可以省略CTE的标记部分，并将CTE引用 tally 替换为名称现有的Tally表。
create procedure #HtmlTagExpander(
@InString varchar(8000)
,@OutString varchar(8000) output
)as
begin
declare @Delimiter char(2) = '**';
create table #t(
StartLocation int not null
,EndLocation int not null
,constraint PK unique clustered (StartLocation desc)
);
with
-- vvv Only needed in absence of Tally table vvv
E1(N) as (
select 1 from (values
(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),
(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)
) E1(N)
), --10E+1 or 10 rows
E2(N) as (select 1 from E1 a cross join E1 b), --10E+2 or 100 rows
E4(N) As (select 1 from E2 a cross join E2 b), --10E+4 or 10,000 rows max
tally(N) as (select row_number() over (order by (select null)) from E4),
-- ^^^ Only needed in absence of Tally table ^^^
Delimiter as (
select len(@Delimiter) as Length,
len(@Delimiter)-1 as Offset
),
cteTally(N) AS (
select top (isnull(datalength(@InString),0))
row_number() over (order by (select null))
from tally
),
cteStart(N1) AS
select
t.N
from cteTally t cross join Delimiter
where substring(@InString, t.N, Delimiter.Length) = @Delimiter
),
cteValues as (
select
TagNumber = row_number() over(order by N1)
,Location = N1
from cteStart
),
HtmlTagSpotter as (
select
TagNumber
,Location
from cteValues
),
tags as (
select
Location = f.Location
,IsOpen = cast((TagNumber % 2) as bit)
,Occurrence = TagNumber
from HtmlTagSpotter f
)
insert #t(StartLocation,EndLocation)
select
prev.Location
,data.Location
from tags data
join tags prev
on prev.Occurrence = data.Occurrence - 1
and prev.IsOpen = 1;
set @outString = @Instring;
update this
set @outString = stuff(stuff(@outString,this.EndLocation, 2,'</b>')
,this.StartLocation,2,'<b>')
from #t this with (tablockx)
option (maxdop 1);
end
go
像这样调用：
declare @InString varchar(8000)
,@OutString varchar(8000);
set @inString = 'Questions about **general computing hardware and software** are off-topic **for Stack Overflow.';
exec #HtmlTagExpander @InString,@OutString out; select @OutString;
set @inString = 'Questions **about** general computing hardware and software **are off-topic** for Stack Overflow.';
exec #HtmlTagExpander @InString,@OutString out; select @OutString;
go
drop procedure #HtmlTagExpander;
go
它产生输出：
Questions about <b>general computing hardware and software</b> are off-topic **for Stack Overflow.
Questions <b>about</b> general computing hardware and software <b>are off-topic</b> for Stack Overflow.
答案 2 :(得分：0)
此解决方案利用Jeff Moden在this article on the Running Sum problem in SQL中描述的技术。这个解决方案很冗长，但是通过在SQL Server中使用聚集索引中的 Quirky Update ，可以保证比基于游标的解决方案更有效地处理大型数据集。
更新 - 修改如下操作字符串表
假设存在这样创建的计数表（至少有8000行）：
create table dbo.tally (
N int not null
,unique clustered (N desc)
);
go
with
E1(N) as (
select 1 from (values
(1),(1),(1),(1),(1),
(1),(1),(1),(1),(1)
) E1(N)
), --10E+1 or 10 rows
E2(N) as (select 1 from E1 a cross join E1 b), --10E+2 or 100 rows
E4(N) As (select 1 from E2 a cross join E2 b) --10E+4 or 10,000 rows max
insert dbo.tally(N)
select row_number() over (order by (select null)) from E4;
go
和 HtmlTagSpotter 函数定义如下：
create function dbo.HtmlTagSPotter(
@pString varchar(8000)
,@pDelimiter char(2))
returns table with schemabinding as
return
WITH
Delimiter as (
select len(@pDelimiter) as Length,
len(@pDelimiter)-1 as Offset
),
cteTally(N) AS (
select top (isnull(datalength(@pstring),0))
row_number() over (order by (select null))
from dbo.tally
),
cteStart(N1) AS (--==== Returns starting position of each "delimiter" )
select
t.N
from cteTally t cross join Delimiter
where substring(@pString, t.N, Delimiter.Length) = @pDelimiter
),
cteValues as (
select
ItemNumber = row_number() over(order by N1)
,Location = N1
from cteStart
)
select
ItemNumber
,Location
from cteValues
go
然后运行以下SQL将执行所需的替换。请注意，末尾的内部联接可防止转换任何尾随的“奇数”标记：
create table #t(
ItemNo int not null
,Item varchar(8000) null
,StartLocation int not null
,EndLocation int not null
,constraint PK unique clustered (ItemNo,StartLocation desc)
);
with data(i,s) as ( select i,s from (values
(1,'Questions about **general computing hardware and software** are off-topic **for Stack Overflow.')
,(2,'Questions **about **general computing hardware and software** are off-topic **for Stack Overflow.')
--....,....1....,....2....,....3....,....4....,....5....,....6....,....7....,....8....,....9....,....0
)data(i,s)
),
tags as (
select
ItemNo = data.i
,Item = data.s
,Location = f.Location
,IsOpen = cast((TagNumber % 2) as bit)
,Occurrence = TagNumber
from data
cross apply dbo.HtmlTagSPotter(data.s,'**') f
)
insert #t(ItemNo,Item,StartLocation,EndLocation)
select
data.ItemNo
,data.Item
,prev.Location
,data.Location
from tags data
join tags prev
on prev.ItemNo = data.ItemNo
and prev.Occurrence = data.Occurrence - 1
and prev.IsOpen = 1
union all
select
i,s,8001,8002
from data
;
declare @ItemNo int
,@ThisStting varchar(8000);
declare @s varchar(8000);
update this
set @s = this.Item = case when this.StartLocation > 8000
then this.Item
else stuff(stuff(@s,this.EndLocation, 2,'</b>')
,this.StartLocation,2,'<b>')
end
from #t this with (tablockx)
option (maxdop 1);
select
Item
from (
select
Item
,ROW_NUMBER() over (partition by ItemNo order by StartLocation) as rn
from #t
) t
where rn = 1
go
得到以下特性：
Item
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Questions about <b>general computing hardware and software</b> are off-topic **for Stack Overflow.
Questions <b>about </b>general computing hardware and software<b> are off-topic </b>for Stack Overflow.
答案 3 :(得分：0)
一种选择是使用正则表达式，因为它可以非常简单地替换这些模式。 RegEx函数未内置到SQL Server中，因此您需要使用由您或现有库编译的SQL CLR。
对于此示例，我将使用SQL# (SQLsharp)库（我是其作者），但RegEx函数在免费版本中可用。
SELECT SQL#.RegEx_Replace
(
N'Questions about **general computing hardware and software** are off-topic\
for Stack Overflow unless **they** directly involve tools used primarily for\
**programming. You may be able to get help on [Super User]\
(https://superuser.com/about)', -- @ExpressionToValidate
N'\*\*([^\*]*)\*\*', -- @RegularExpression
N'<b>$1</b>', -- @Replacement
-1, -- @Count (-1 = all)
1, - @StartAt
'IgnoreCase' -- @RegEx options
);
上面的模式\*\*([^\*]*)\*\*只查找被双星号包围的任何内容。在这种情况下，您不必担心奇数/偶数。这也意味着如果由于某种原因字符串中有额外的<b>，您将无法获得格式不正确的** - 标记。我在原始字符串中添加了两个额外的测试用例：单词**周围有一整套they，在单词**之前有一组不匹配的programming。输出是：
Questions about <b>general computing hardware and software</b> are off-topicfor Stack Overflow unless <b>they</b> directly involve tools used primarily for **programming. You may be able to get help on [Super User](https://superuser.com/about)
呈现为：
关于通用计算硬件和软件的问题是Stack Overflow的主题，除非他们直接涉及主要用于**编程的工具。您可以在Super User
上获得帮助