Question

我一直试图在Django Auth文档中找到答案，但似乎无法找到我要找的东西。

我遇到的问题是，当我定义添加组的代码时（与管理页面中的组相同）：

#read_only
group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='read_only')   
if created:
    group.permissions.add(can_read_campaign)
    logger.info('read_only_user Group created')
#standard
group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='standard_user') 
if created:
    group.permissions.add(can_edit_users)
    logger.info('standard_user Group created')
#admin
group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='admin_user') 
if created:
    group.permissions.add(can_edit_campaign, can_edit_users)
    logger.info('admin_user Group created')

当我在models.py和 init .py中运行此代码时，他们都给了我这个错误：

django.core.exceptions.AppRegistryNotReady

我认为这是因为Model / init 试图过早地将内容插入django app / admin？

如何以编程方式添加这些组？

编辑：

这不是一个重复的问题，这实际上是在项目设置期间在模型中添加权限和组，而不是通过shell。

我通过使用信号和接收器（django模块）解决了这个问题。

我添加了代码以将权限/组创建到其自己的函数中，并使用接收器（post_migrate）对其进行修饰，该接收器将在迁移完成后运行此函数，从而消除此错误。

@receiver(post_migrate)
def init_groups(sender, **kwargs):
    #permission and group code goes here

Answer 1

我被推荐this方式来做到这一点：

在相应的模块中创建虚假迁移：

python manage.py makemigrations --empty yourappname

打开已创建的文件，该文件应如下所示：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models, migrations

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('yourappname', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
    ]

并添加您的代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.db import models, migrations

def add_group_permissions():
    #read_only
    group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='read_only')   
    if created:
        group.permissions.add(can_read_campaign)
        logger.info('read_only_user Group created')

    #standard
    group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='standard_user') 
    if created:
        group.permissions.add(can_edit_users)
        logger.info('standard_user Group created')

    #admin
    group, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name='admin_user') 
    if created:
        group.permissions.add(can_edit_campaign, can_edit_users)
        logger.info('admin_user Group created')

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('yourappname', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(add_group_permissions),
    ]

最后，运行迁移：

python manage.py migrate

这很好，因为您可以部署到Heroku或任何地方，并确保它将被应用，因为它只是另一次迁移。

Answer 2

将@Robert Grant和this结合起来就可以做到：

python manage.py makemigrations --empty yourappname

然后：

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission
from django.db import models, migrations
import logging


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

campaign_group_permissions = {
  "Campaign Manager": [
    "add_campaign",
    "change_campaign",
    "delete_campaign",
    "view_campaign",
    "add_campaignsms",
    "add_sending",
    "change_sending",
    "view_sending"
  ]
}


def add_group_permissions():
    # See https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/23422
    db_alias = schema_editor.connection.alias
    try:
        emit_post_migrate_signal(2, False, 'default')
    except TypeError:  # Django < 1.8
        emit_post_migrate_signal([], 2, False, 'default', db_alias)

    for group in campaign_group_permissions:
        role, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name=group)
        logger.info(f'{group} Group created')
        for perm in campaign_group_permissions[group]:
            role.permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename=perm))
            logger.info(f'Permitting {group} to {perm}')
        role.save()


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('yourappname', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(add_group_permissions),
    ]

注意：，该功能可在Django 3.x上使用，但我很确定它也将在Django 1.7上使用。

Answer 3

@Ruloweb 的精彩回复几乎对我有用，但我必须进行一些调整才能使其在具有多个应用程序的 Django 3.1 中工作。

首先，我需要向 add_group_permissions() 函数添加参数。我还需要导入emit_post_migration_signal：

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission
from django.core.management.sql import emit_post_migrate_signal # <-- Added this
from django.db import models, migrations
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

public_group_permissions = {
  "Your permission group name here": ['your permissions here']
}

def add_group_permissions(apps, schema_editor): # <-- updated this

    # See https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/23422
    db_alias = schema_editor.connection.alias

    try:
        emit_post_migrate_signal(2, False, 'default')
    except TypeError:  # Django < 1.8
        emit_post_migrate_signal([], 2, False, 'default', db_alias)

    for group in public_group_permissions:
        role, created = Group.objects.get_or_create(name=group)
        logger.info(f'{group} Group created')
        for perm in public_group_permissions[group]:
            role.permissions.add(Permission.objects.get(codename=perm))
            logger.info(f'Permitting {group} to {perm}')
        role.save()


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('your_app_name', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(add_group_permissions),
    ]

Django 1.7在哪里放置代码以编程方式添加组？

3 个答案: