Question

我正在学习OOP，很难掌握不同课程如何互相交流。我读了很多例子，但是大多数都展示了单个班级是如何运作的，而且很清楚，我想看看不同的班级如何相互作用。如果某个人有一个很好的例子，不同的类如何互动就会很棒。

在这里，我创建Deck实例newDeck，然后创建Player实例p1。然后我这样做： newCard.append(player.generateCard(newDeck))其中player为p1，因此我调用Player方法generateCard()并传递newDeck类Deck的实例。这是允许的吗？

我收到错误：

   File "poker.py", line 67, in startGame
    newCard.append(player.generateCard(newDeck))
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'generateCard'`

我的代码：

import random, string, sys

class Deck:
    def __init__(self):
        self.suits = ['s', 'h', 'd', 'c']
        self.ranks = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6' ,'7', '8', '9', '10', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A']
        self.deck = [i+j for i in self.ranks for j in self.suits]
        random.shuffle(self.deck)

    def selectCards(self):
        self.selectedCard = self.deck.pop()
        return self.selectedCard

class Player:
    def __init__(self, amount):
        self.amount = amount
        self.card = []

    def generateCard(self, whichDeck):
        self.whichDeck = whichDeck
        holeCards = 2
        for i in range(0, holeCards):
            selCard = self.whichDeck.selectCards()
            if len(selCard) == 2:
                self.cardRank = list(selCard[0])
            else:
                self.cardRank = list('10') 
            self.cardSuit = list(selCard[-1])
            self.generatedCard = list(self.cardRank + self.cardSuit)
            self.card.append(self.generatedCard)
        return self.card 

class Game:
    def __init__(self, numPlayers, startingStack):
        self.startingStack = startingStack
        self.numPlayers = numPlayers

    def startGame(self):
        newDeck = Deck()
        playerList = ['p1', 'p2', 'p3', 'p4', 'p5', 'p6', 'p7', 'p8']
        currentPlayer = 0
        for player in playerList:
            player = Player(self.startingStack)
            currentPlayer += 1 
            if currentPlayer == self.numPlayers:
                break
        totalPlayers = currentPlayer
        # -------------------------- GAME STARTS ---------------------------
        newCard = []
        currentPlayer = 0
        for player in playerList:                
            newCard.append(player.generateCard(newDeck)) # ERROR IS HERE               
            if currentPlayer == self.numPlayers:
                break

def main():
    numberOfPlayers = 1
    playerStack = 100
    newGame = Game(numberOfPlayers, playerStack)    
    newGame.startGame()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 1

您没有任何Player个实例，您创建了string的列表：

playerList = ['p1', 'p2', 'p3', 'p4', 'p5', 'p6', 'p7', 'p8']

然后在循环中你做

for player in playerList:
        player = Player(self.startingStack)
        currentPlayer += 1 
        if currentPlayer == self.numPlayers:
            break

此本地变量player已丢失，并未神奇地附加到您的playerList

只需做一些像

这样的事情

playerList = [ Player(self.startingStack) for _ in range(self.numPlayers) ]

而不是你的循环

Answer 2

您的playerList对象仍字符串列表。你的循环：

for player in playerList:
    player = Player(self.startingStack)
    currentPlayer += 1 
    if currentPlayer == self.numPlayers:
        break

将player重新绑定到Player()个实例，但这并不会更改playerList对象。事实上，当你进入下一次迭代时，Player()实例将被再次丢弃，因为没有其他任何引用它。

for player in playerList依次将player绑定到列表中的每个字符串，但引用不适用于另一个方向，player 只是另一个Python name，对 playerList中包含的同一对象的另一个引用。为其分配不同的对象也不会改变从中获取字符串的列表。

您可能想在此处建立一个新列表：

def startGame(self): newDeck = Deck() playerList = ['p1', 'p2', 'p3', 'p4', 'p5', 'p6', 'p7', 'p8'] players = [] for player in playerList[:self.numPlayers]: player = Player(self.startingStack) players.append(player) totalPlayers = self.numPlayers # -------------------------- GAME STARTS --------------------------- newCard = [] for player in players: newCard.append(player.generateCard(newDeck))

但是，你完全忽略playerList中的字符串;也可以在不咨询的情况下构建列表：

def startGame(self): newDeck = Deck() players = [Player(self.startingStack) for _ in range(self.numPlayers)] newCard = [player.generateCard(newDeck) for player in players]

但您不需要players作为单独的列表：

def startGame(self): newDeck = Deck() newCard = [Player(self.startingStack).generateCard(newDeck) for _ in range(self.numPlayers)]

在方法参数中传递类实例

2 个答案: