在服务器上完全卸载python并重新安装python
和python-dev
之后,Python的行为方式有问题。最明显的错误是我无法从标准库导入许多模块。例如,我无法导入日期时间和编码模块。
[sloria@osf-staging ~]$ python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Mar 22 2014, 22:59:56)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import datetime
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named datetime
>>> import encodings
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named encodings
这使得无法使用pip,virtualenv等。为什么会发生这种情况?
修改:以下是dpkg -l | grep python
的输出:
[sloria@osf-staging python2.7]$ dpkg -l | grep python
ii dh-python 1.20140128-1ubuntu8 all Debian helper tools for packaging Python libraries and applications
ii libpython-dev:amd64 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 header files and a static library for Python (default)
ii libpython-stdlib:amd64 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python version)
ii libpython2.7:amd64 2.7.6-8 amd64 Shared Python runtime library (version 2.7)
ii libpython2.7-dev:amd64 2.7.6-8 amd64 Header files and a static library for Python (v2.7)
ii libpython2.7-minimal:amd64 2.7.6-8 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64 2.7.6-8 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 2.7)
ii libpython3-stdlib:amd64 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
rc libpython3.3-minimal:amd64 3.3.2-7ubuntu3.1 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.3)
ii libpython3.4-minimal:amd64 3.4.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)
ii libpython3.4-stdlib:amd64 3.4.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (standard library, version 3.4)
ii python 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default version)
ii python-apt 0.9.3.5 amd64 Python interface to libapt-pkg
ii python-apt-common 0.9.3.5 all Python interface to libapt-pkg (locales)
ii python-chardet 2.0.1-2build2 all universal character encoding detector
ii python-colorama 0.2.5-0.1ubuntu1 all Cross-platform colored terminal text in Python - Python 2.x
ii python-dev 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 header files and a static library for Python (default)
ii python-distlib 0.1.8-1 all low-level components of python distutils2/packaging
ii python-html5lib 0.999-2 all HTML parser/tokenizer based on the WHATWG HTML5 specification (Python 2)
ii python-minimal 2.7.5-5ubuntu3 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default version)
ii python-pip 1.5.4-1 all alternative Python package installer
ii python-pkg-resources 3.3-1ubuntu1 all Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii python-requests 2.2.1-1 all elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings
ii python-setuptools 3.3-1ubuntu1 all Python Distutils Enhancements (setuptools compatibility)
ii python-six 1.5.2-1 all Python 2 and 3 compatibility library (Python 2 interface)
rc python-support 1.0.15 all automated rebuilding support for Python modules
rc python-twisted-core 13.2.0-1ubuntu1 all Event-based framework for internet applications
ii python-urllib3 1.7.1-1build1 all HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling for Python
ii python2.7 2.7.6-8 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 2.7)
ii python2.7-dev 2.7.6-8 amd64 Header files and a static library for Python (v2.7)
ii python2.7-minimal 2.7.6-8 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 2.7)
ii python3 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 interactive high-level object-oriented language (default python3 version)
ii python3-apparmor 2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5 amd64 AppArmor Python3 utility library
ii python3-dbus 1.2.0-2build2 amd64 simple interprocess messaging system (Python 3 interface)
ii python3-gdbm:amd64 3.4.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 GNU dbm database support for Python 3.x
ii python3-gi 3.12.0-1 amd64 Python 3 bindings for gobject-introspection libraries
ii python3-libapparmor 2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5 amd64 AppArmor library Python3 bindings
ii python3-minimal 3.4.0-0ubuntu2 amd64 minimal subset of the Python language (default python3 version)
ii python3-newt 0.52.15-2ubuntu5 amd64 NEWT module for Python3
ii python3-pkg-resources 3.3-1ubuntu1 all Package Discovery and Resource Access using pkg_resources
ii python3-problem-report 2.14.1-0ubuntu3.2 all Python 3 library to handle problem reports
rc python3.2 3.2.3-6ubuntu3.5 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.2)
rc python3.2-minimal 3.2.3-6ubuntu3.5 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.2)
rc python3.3 3.3.2-7ubuntu3.1 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.3)
rc python3.3-minimal 3.3.2-7ubuntu3.1 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.3)
ii python3.4 3.4.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 Interactive high-level object-oriented language (version 3.4)
ii python3.4-minimal 3.4.0-2ubuntu1 amd64 Minimal subset of the Python language (version 3.4)
答案 0 :(得分:1)
默认情况下,Ubuntu(以及我能说的Debian)附带两个python包:python
和python-minimal
。我想发生了什么事情是你删除了第一个,但是第二个不依赖它,你仍然有某种工作提示。
顾名思义,这是一个非常小的python版本,包含的数量非常有限。您应该能够运行一些简单的脚本,但仅此而已。
python-dev
包中包含编译扩展所需的文件(从pip安装包时可能还需要它),但不替换解释器。
要重新回到正轨,您只需再次安装&#34;完整&#34; python版本:
$ sudo apt-get install python-2.7
这只安装了python,而不是在进程中删除的任何已安装的库。要获取已删除内容的列表,您可以检查/var/log/apt/history.log
的输出。你会看到类似这样的条目:
Start-Date: 2014-04-21 12:29:19
Commandline: apt-get remove python3.4-dev
Remove: python3.4-dev:amd64 (3.4.0-2ubuntu1), python3-dev:amd64 (3.4.0-0ubuntu2)
End-Date: 2014-04-21 12:29:30
我不知道是什么让你删除python,但这通常是一个坏主意。有些应用程序依赖于显式的python版本(以及与它们捆绑在一起的库),在桌面版本中尤其如此。当然你可以安装其他python版本,只要确保它们不能替换主要版本。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我遇到了相同症状的问题,我通过重新安装python3
stdlib
解决了这个问题:
apt-get install --reinstall libpython3.4-stdlib
答案 2 :(得分:0)
chmod -R 770
,我无意中禁止非root用户访问C标准库文件。事实证明,虚拟环境中的标准库模块不是纯Python(例如datetime
模块)符号链接回系统Python的.so
文件。因此,更改虚拟环境的权限也会更改系统Python中相应模块的权限。
因此,我能够通过运行chmod -R 775 /path/to/virtualenv
来解决问题。
[捂脸]
答案 3 :(得分:0)
如果您收到以下错误:
/etc/init.d/apparmor: 35: .: Can't open /lib/apparmor/functions
任务:停止Apparmor
输入以下命令:
sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor stop
/etc/init.d/boot.apparmor stop
任务:启动Apparmor
输入以下命令:
sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor start
/etc/init.d/boot.apparmor start
任务:重启Apparmor
输入以下命令:
sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor restart
/etc/init.d/boot.apparmor restart
任务:查看当前的Apparmor状态
输入以下命令:
sudo /etc/init.d/apparmor status
/etc/init.d/boot.apparmor status
按照指示: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/suse-ubuntu-linux-start-stop-restart-apparmor-command/
如果您碰巧遇到AppArmor的任何问题,请首先重新安装问题之前清除/卸载的文件&amp;然后只需运行此命令。它会解决它。它适用于我的Ubuntu 15.10。
sudo apt-get install --reinstall -u AppArmor