产品变体建模

时间:2014-07-24 00:54:07

标签: database database-design mysqli relational-database

我一直在尝试对产品变体进行建模,并认为我可能需要使用EAV。没有EAV,我本可以做到这一点,但我担心我可能会错过一些东西。这是我的设计:

enter image description here

以下是我要表达的内容:

  1. product可以有0个或更多product variants(例如,T恤产品可能有尺寸和颜色变体)。
  2. product variant可以包含1个或多个product variant options(例如,尺寸变体可以是小型,中型,大型)。
  3. SKU由一个或多个product variant options组成(product_variant_option_combination表将包含`product_variant_options的所有可能组合。因此,如果有3种尺寸和3种颜色,那么将是3 * 3 = 9种组合 - 每种组合都将获得自己的SKU和价格。
  4. product可以包含1个或多个SKUs
  5. 如果产品没有任何变体,请忽略product_variantsproduct_variant_optionsproduct_variant_option_combinations

    这个设计听起来好吗?我最终会在查询时遇到问题吗?它会扩展吗?它是否正常化了?

    更新1

    @Edper:

      

    如果产品可以有0种或多种(可选模式)产品型号(例如尺寸,颜色等)。是否遵循产品变体也可以有0个或多个具有该变体的产品?

    我不这么认为。像“T恤”这样的产品可能具有“尺寸”变体,而像“裤子”这样的产品也可能具有“尺寸”变体,但我认为这只是偶然事件。没有必要使“大小”仅显示为一条记录,因为“大小”可能具有不同的上下文。

    我正在处理的产品差异很大,他们必然会有类似名称的变体。

    更新2:

    以下是我如何查看数据的示例:

    enter image description here

    我已将变体Size及其相关值加入框中。我想说清楚这些不被认为是重复数据。 3种产品的Size变体只是偶然的。我认为没有必要将其正常化。每种产品可以有0个或更多变体 - 我不知道它们。我希望“重复”(虽然它们并不是真正的重复,因为它们总是在特定产品的上下文中 - 所以,Widget 1的“Size”变体与Widget 2的“Size”变体不同。

    更新3:

    我现在看到,在我的设计中,product可能有多个相同的product_variants。我认为可以通过制作product_variantsproduct_idproduct_variantsname复合键来解决这个问题。这意味着Widget 1只能拥有一次“Size”变体。

    product_variant_optionsproduct_variant_id product_variant_optionsname也需要是一个复合键。

    更新4:

    更新我的product_variant_option_combinations以包含product_variant_id(FK到product_variantsid)并使用product_variant_option_combinations强制执行UNIQUE约束。sku_idproduct_variant_option_combinationsproduct_variant_id,我认为我能够防止出现“小”和“大”的SKU问题。这是正确的吗?

    enter image description here

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    --
    -- Database: `mydb`
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    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `products`
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    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `products` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `products`
    --
    
    INSERT INTO `products` (`id`, `name`) VALUES
    (1, 'Widget 1');
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `product_variants`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_variants` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_product_id_name` (`product_id`,`name`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `product_variants`
    --
    
    INSERT INTO `product_variants` (`id`, `product_id`, `name`) VALUES
    (2, 1, 'Color'),
    (1, 1, 'Size');
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `product_variant_options`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_variant_options` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `product_variant_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_product_variant_id_name` (`product_variant_id`,`name`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `product_variant_options`
    --
    
    INSERT INTO `product_variant_options` (`id`, `product_variant_id`, `name`) VALUES
    (2, 1, 'Large'),
    (1, 1, 'Small'),
    (4, 2, 'Black'),
    (3, 2, 'White');
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `skus`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `skus` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `sku` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      KEY `skus_product_id_products_id_idx` (`product_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `skus`
    --
    
    INSERT INTO `skus` (`id`, `product_id`, `sku`, `price`) VALUES
    (1, 1, 'W1SSCW', '10.00'),
    (2, 1, 'W1SSCB', '10.00'),
    (3, 1, 'W1SLCW', '12.00'),
    (4, 1, 'W1SLCB', '15.00');
    
    -- --------------------------------------------------------
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `skus_product_variant_options`
    --
    
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `skus_product_variant_options` (
      `sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `product_variant_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      `product_variant_options_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`sku_id`,`product_variant_options_id`,`product_variant_id`),
      UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_sku_id_product_variant_id` (`sku_id`,`product_variant_id`),
      KEY `spvo_product_variant_options_id_pro_idx` (`product_variant_options_id`),
      KEY `spvo_product_variant_id_product_var_idx` (`product_variant_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `skus_product_variant_options`
    --
    
    INSERT INTO `skus_product_variant_options` (`sku_id`, `product_variant_id`, `product_variant_options_id`) VALUES
    (1, 1, 1),
    (2, 1, 1),
    (3, 1, 2),
    (4, 1, 2),
    (1, 2, 3),
    (3, 2, 3),
    (2, 2, 4),
    (4, 2, 4);
    
    --
    -- Constraints for dumped tables
    --
    
    --
    -- Constraints for table `product_variants`
    --
    ALTER TABLE `product_variants`
      ADD CONSTRAINT `product_variants_product_id_products_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
    
    --
    -- Constraints for table `product_variant_options`
    --
    ALTER TABLE `product_variant_options`
      ADD CONSTRAINT `product_variant_options_product_variant_id_product_variants_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_id`) REFERENCES `product_variants` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
    
    --
    -- Constraints for table `skus`
    --
    ALTER TABLE `skus`
      ADD CONSTRAINT `skus_product_id_products_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
    
    --
    -- Constraints for table `skus_product_variant_options`
    --
    ALTER TABLE `skus_product_variant_options`
      ADD CONSTRAINT `skus_product_variant_options_sku_id_skus_id` FOREIGN KEY (`sku_id`) REFERENCES `skus` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
      ADD CONSTRAINT `spvo_product_variant_options_id_product_variant_options_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_options_id`) REFERENCES `product_variant_options` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
      ADD CONSTRAINT `spvo_product_variant_id_product_variants_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_id`) REFERENCES `product_variants` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
    
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1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:38)

您可以拥有如下设计:

 +---------------+     +-------------------+
 | PRODUCTS      |-----< PRODUCT_VARIANTS  |
 +---------------+     +-------------------+
 | #product_id   |     | #product_id       |
 |  product_name |     | #variant_id       |
 +---------------+     |  sku_id           |
         |             +-------------------+
         |                       |
+--------^--------+     +--------^--------+
| PRODUCT_OPTIONS |-----< VARIANT_VALUES  |
+-----------------+     +-----------------+
| #product_id     |     | #product_id     |
| #option_id      |     | #variant_id     |
+--------v--------+     | #option_id      |
         |              |  value_id       |
+-----------------+     +--------v--------+
| OPTIONS         |              |
+-----------------+              |
| #option_id      |              |
|  option_name    |              |
+-----------------+              |
         |                       |
 +-------^-------+               |
 | OPTION_VALUES |---------------+
 +---------------+
 | #option_id    |
 | #value_id     |
 |  value_name   |
 +---------------+

使用主键,唯一键和外键:

  • 产品
    • PK:product_id
    • UK:product_name
  • OPTIONS
    • PK:option_id
    • UK:option_name
  • OPTION_VALUES
    • PK:option_id,value_id
    • UK:option_id,value_name
    • FK:option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS(option_id)
  • PRODUCT_OPTIONS
    • PK:product_id,option_id
    • FK:product_id参考产品(product_id)
    • FK:option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS(option_id)
  • PRODUCT_VARIANTS
    • PK:product_id,variant_id
    • 英国:sku_id
    • FK:product_id参考产品(product_id)
  • VARIANT_VALUES
    • PK:product_id,variant_id,option_id
    • FK:product_id,variant_id REFERENCES PRODUCT_VARIANTS(product_id,variant_id)
    • FK:product_id,option_id REFERENCES PRODUCT_OPTIONS(product_id,option_id)
    • FK:option_id,value_id REFERENCES OPTION_VALUES(option_id,value_Id)

你有:

  • 产品,例如衬衫,背带裤,长裤
  • 选项,例如尺寸,颜色,长度
  • OPTION_VALUES例如尺寸 - 小,中,大;颜色 - 红色,白色,蓝色
  • PRODUCT_OPTIONS,例如衬衫 - 尺寸,颜色;裤子 - 长度,颜色

然后,您需要创建一个n维数组,其维数等于产品的选项数。数组中的每个元素对应于产品变体。每种产品总会至少有一种产品变体;因为产品“as-is”总是存在伪选项

  • PRODUCT_VARIANTS例如衬衫1,衬衫2
  • VARIANT_VALUES例如衬衫1:小红色;衬衫2:小白

您可能希望进行验证以确保未分配SKU,除非已为与产品关联的所有选项指定了值。

根据您查看数据的方式的电子表格,您可以按如下方式在表格中输入数据:

PRODUCTS
========
id  name
--- --------
1   Widget 1
2   Widget 2
3   Widget 3

PRODUCT_VARIANTS
================
id  product_id name
--- ---------- ------
1   1          Size   (Widget 1)
2   1          Color  (Widget 1)
3   2          Size   (Widget 2)
4   3          Class  (Widget 3)
5   3          Size   (Widget 3)

PRODUCT_VARIANT_OPTIONS
=======================
id  product_variant_id name
--- ------------------ -------------
1   1                  Small         (Widget 1; Size)
2   1                  Large         (Widget 1; Size)
3   2                  White         (Widget 1; Color)
4   2                  Black         (Widget 1; Color)
5   3                  Small         (Widget 2; Size)
6   3                  Medium        (Widget 2; Size)
7   4                  Amateur       (Widget 3; Class)
8   4                  Professional  (Widget 3; Class)
9   5                  Medium        (Widget 3; Size)
10  5                  Large         (Widget 3; Size)

SKUS
====
id  product_id sku    price
--- ---------- ------ -----
1   1          W1SSCW    10 (Widget 1)
2   1          W1SSCB    10 (Widget 1)
3   1          W1SLCW    12 (Widget 1)
4   1          W1SLCB    15 (Widget 1)
5   2          W2SS     100 (Widget 2)
6   2          W2SM     100 (Widget 2)
7   3          W3CASM    50 (Widget 3)
8   3          W3CASL    50 (Widget 3)
9   3          W3CPSM   150 (Widget 3)
10  3          W3CPSL   160 (Widget 3)

PRODUCT_VARIANT_OPTION_COMBINATIONS
===================================
product_variant_option_id sku_id
------------------------- ------
1                         1      (W1SSCW; Size; Small)
3                         1      (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1                         2      (W1SSCB; Size; Small)
4                         2      (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
2                         3      (W1SLCW; Size; Large)
3                         3      (W1SLCW;  Color; White)
2                         4      (W1SLCB; Size; Large)
4                         4      (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
5                         5      (W2SS; Size; Small)
6                         6      (W2SM; Size; Medium)
7                         7      (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
9                         7      (W3CASM; Size; Medium)
7                         8      (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
10                        8      (W3CASL; Size; Large)
8                         9      (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
9                         9      (W3CPSM; Size; Medium)
8                         10     (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
10                        10     (W3CPSL; Size; Large)

您的设计似乎没有停止添加记录条目(product_variant_option_id:2; sku_id 1),因此SKU W1SSCW现在既有Small又有大小的选项。没有什么可以阻止记录的输入(product_variant_option_id:7; sku_id:1),以便SKU W1SSCW也有选项Amateur。

根据您查看数据的方式的电子表格,您可以按如下方式在表格中输入数据:

PRODUCTS
========
product_id product_name
---------- ------------
1          Widget 1
2          Widget 2
3          Widget 3

OPTIONS
=======
option_id option_name
--------- -----------
1         Size SL
2         Color
3         Size SM
4         Class
5         Size ML

OPTION_VALUES
=============
option_id value_id value_name
--------- -------- ------------
1         1        Small        (Size SL)
1         2        Large        (Size SL)
2         1        White        (Color)
2         2        Black        (Color)
3         1        Small        (Size SM)
3         2        Medium       (Size SM)
4         1        Amateur      (Class)
4         2        Professional (Class)
5         1        Medium       (Size ML)
5         2        Large        (Size ML)

PRODUCT_OPTIONS
===============
product_id option_id
---------- ---------
1          1         (Widget 1; Size SL)
1          2         (Widget 1; Color)
2          3         (Widget 2; Size SM)
3          4         (Widget 3; Class)
3          5         (Widget 4; Size ML)

PRODUCT_VARIANTS
================
product_id variant_id sku_id
---------- ---------- ------
1          1          W1SSCW (Widget 1)
1          2          W1SSCB (Widget 1)
1          3          W1SLCW (Widget 1)
1          4          W1SLCB (Widget 1)
2          1          W2SS   (Widget 2)
2          2          W2SM   (Widget 2)
3          1          W3CASM (Widget 3)
3          2          W3CASL (Widget 3)
3          3          W3CPSM (Widget 3)
3          4          W3CPSL (Widget 3)

VARIANT_VALUES
==============
product_id variant_id option_id value_id
---------- ---------- --------- --------
1          1          1         1        (W1SSCW; Size SL; Small)
1          1          2         1        (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1          2          1         1        (W1SSCB; Size SL; Small)
1          2          2         2        (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
1          3          1         2        (W1SLCW; Size SL; Large)
1          3          2         1        (W1SLCW; Color; White)
1          4          1         2        (W1SLCB; Size SL; Large)
1          4          2         2        (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
2          1          3         1        (W2SS; Size SM; Small)
2          2          3         2        (W2SM; Size SM; Medium)
3          1          4         1        (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
3          1          5         1        (W3CASM; Size ML; Medium)
3          2          4         1        (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
3          2          5         2        (W3CASL; Size ML; Large)
3          3          4         2        (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
3          3          5         1        (W3CPSM; Size ML; Medium)
3          4          4         2        (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
3          4          5         2        (W3CPSL; Size ML; Large)

在我的设计中,您无法输入额外的VARIANT_VALUES记录(product_id:1; variant_id:1; option_id:1; value_id:2) - 因此SKU W1SSC现在既有小又大的选项 - 由于主要VARIANT_VALUES上的键和现有的VARIANT_VALUES记录(product_id:1; variant_id:1; option_id:1; value_id:1)。在我的设计中,您无法输入VARIANT_VALUES记录(product_id:1; variant_id:1; option_id:4; value_id:1) - 因此SKU W1SSCW也有选项Amateur - 由于外键引用PRODUCT_OPTIONS而缺少a记录在此表(product_id:1; option_id:4)中,表示Class是产品Widget 1的有效选项。

编辑:没有PRODUCT_OPTIONS表的设计

您可以拥有如下设计:

+---------------+     +---------------+
| PRODUCTS      |-----< PRODUCT_SKUS  |
+---------------+     +---------------+
| #product_id   |     | #product_id   |
|  product_name |     | #sku_id       |
+---------------+     |  sku          |
        |             |  price        |
        |             +---------------+
        |                     |
+-------^-------+      +------^------+
| OPTIONS       |------< SKU_VALUES  |
+---------------+      +-------------+
| #product_id   |      | #product_id |
| #option_id    |      | #sku_id     |
|  option_name  |      | #option_id  |
+---------------+      |  value_id   |
        |              +------v------+
+-------^-------+             |
| OPTION_VALUES |-------------+
+---------------+
| #product_id   |
| #option_id    |
| #value_id     |
|  value_name   |
+---------------+

使用主键,唯一键和外键:

  • 产品
    • PK:product_id
    • UK:product_name
  • OPTIONS
    • PK:product_id,option_id
    • UK:product_id,option_name
  • OPTION_VALUES
    • PK:product_id,option_id,value_id
    • UK:product_id,option_id,value_name
    • FK:product-id,option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS(product_id,option_id)
  • PRODUCT_SKUS
    • PK:product_id,sku_id
    • 英国:sku_id
    • FK:product_id参考产品(product_id)
  • SKU_VALUES
    • PK:product_id,sku_id,option_id
    • FK:product_id,sku_id REFERENCES PRODUCT_SKUS(product_id,sku_id)
    • FK:product_id,option_id REFERENCES OPTIONS(product_id,option_id)
    • FK:product_id,option_id,value_id REFERENCES OPTION_VALUES(product_id,option_id,value_id)

根据您查看数据的方式的电子表格,您可以在这些表格中输入数据,如下所示:

PRODUCTS
========
product_id product_name
---------- ------------
1          Widget 1
2          Widget 2
3          Widget 3

OPTIONS
=======
product_id option_id option_name
---------- --------- -----------
1          1         Size        (Widget 1)
1          2         Color       (Widget 1)
2          1         Size        (Widget 2)
3          1         Class       (Widget 3)
3          2         Size        (Widget 3)

OPTION_VALUES
=============
product_id option_id value_id value_name
---------- --------- -------- ------------
1          1         1        Small        (Widget1; Size)
1          1         2        Large        (Widget1; Size)
1          2         1        White        (Widget1; Color)
1          2         2        Black        (Widget1; Color)
2          1         1        Small        (Widget2; Size)
2          1         2        Medium       (Widget2; Size)
3          1         1        Amateur      (Widget3; Class)
3          1         2        Professional (Widget3; Class)
3          2         1        Medium       (Widget3; Size)
3          2         2        Large        (Widget3; Size)

PRODUCT_SKUS
============
product_id sku_id sku
---------- ------ ------
1          1      W1SSCW (Widget 1)
1          2      W1SSCB (Widget 1)
1          3      W1SLCW (Widget 1)
1          4      W1SLCB (Widget 1)
2          1      W2SS   (Widget 2)
2          2      W2SM   (Widget 2)
3          1      W3CASM (Widget 3)
3          2      W3CASL (Widget 3)
3          3      W3CPSM (Widget 3)
3          4      W3CPSL (Widget 3)

SKU_VALUES
==========
product_id sku_id option_id value_id
---------- ------ --------- --------
1          1      1         1        (W1SSCW; Size; Small)
1          1      2         1        (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1          2      1         1        (W1SSCB; Size; Small)
1          2      2         2        (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
1          3      1         2        (W1SLCW; Size; Large)
1          3      2         1        (W1SLCW; Color; White)
1          4      1         2        (W1SLCB; Size; Large)
1          4      2         2        (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
2          1      1         1        (W2SS; Size; Small)
2          2      1         2        (W2SM; Size; Medium)
3          1      1         1        (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
3          1      2         1        (W3CASM; Size; Medium)
3          2      1         1        (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
3          2      2         2        (W3CASL; Size; Large)
3          3      1         2        (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
3          3      2         1        (W3CPSM; Size; Medium)
3          4      1         2        (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
3          4      2         2        (W3CPSL; Size; Large)