我一直在尝试对产品变体进行建模,并认为我可能需要使用EAV。没有EAV,我本可以做到这一点,但我担心我可能会错过一些东西。这是我的设计:
以下是我要表达的内容:
product
可以有0个或更多product variants
(例如,T恤产品可能有尺寸和颜色变体)。product variant
可以包含1个或多个product variant options
(例如,尺寸变体可以是小型,中型,大型)。SKU
由一个或多个product variant options
组成(product_variant_option_combination
表将包含`product_variant_options的所有可能组合。因此,如果有3种尺寸和3种颜色,那么将是3 * 3 = 9种组合 - 每种组合都将获得自己的SKU和价格。product
可以包含1个或多个SKUs
。如果产品没有任何变体,请忽略product_variants
,product_variant_options
和product_variant_option_combinations
。
这个设计听起来好吗?我最终会在查询时遇到问题吗?它会扩展吗?它是否正常化了?
更新1
@Edper:
如果产品可以有0种或多种(可选模式)产品型号(例如尺寸,颜色等)。是否遵循产品变体也可以有0个或多个具有该变体的产品?
我不这么认为。像“T恤”这样的产品可能具有“尺寸”变体,而像“裤子”这样的产品也可能具有“尺寸”变体,但我认为这只是偶然事件。没有必要使“大小”仅显示为一条记录,因为“大小”可能具有不同的上下文。
我正在处理的产品差异很大,他们必然会有类似名称的变体。
更新2:
以下是我如何查看数据的示例:
我已将变体Size
及其相关值加入框中。我想说清楚这些不被认为是重复数据。 3种产品的Size
变体只是偶然的。我认为没有必要将其正常化。每种产品可以有0个或更多变体 - 我不知道它们。我希望“重复”(虽然它们并不是真正的重复,因为它们总是在特定产品的上下文中 - 所以,Widget 1的“Size”变体与Widget 2的“Size”变体不同。
更新3:
我现在看到,在我的设计中,product
可能有多个相同的product_variants
。我认为可以通过制作product_variants
。product_id
和product_variants
。name
复合键来解决这个问题。这意味着Widget 1只能拥有一次“Size”变体。
product_variant_options
。product_variant_id
product_variant_options
。name
也需要是一个复合键。
更新4:
更新我的product_variant_option_combinations
以包含product_variant_id
(FK到product_variants
。id
)并使用product_variant_option_combinations
强制执行UNIQUE约束。sku_id
和product_variant_option_combinations
。product_variant_id
,我认为我能够防止出现“小”和“大”的SKU问题。这是正确的吗?
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/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
--
-- Database: `mydb`
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `products`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `products` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ;
--
-- Dumping data for table `products`
--
INSERT INTO `products` (`id`, `name`) VALUES
(1, 'Widget 1');
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `product_variants`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_variants` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_product_id_name` (`product_id`,`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;
--
-- Dumping data for table `product_variants`
--
INSERT INTO `product_variants` (`id`, `product_id`, `name`) VALUES
(2, 1, 'Color'),
(1, 1, 'Size');
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `product_variant_options`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_variant_options` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_variant_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_product_variant_id_name` (`product_variant_id`,`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
--
-- Dumping data for table `product_variant_options`
--
INSERT INTO `product_variant_options` (`id`, `product_variant_id`, `name`) VALUES
(2, 1, 'Large'),
(1, 1, 'Small'),
(4, 2, 'Black'),
(3, 2, 'White');
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `skus`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `skus` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`sku` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
`price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `skus_product_id_products_id_idx` (`product_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
--
-- Dumping data for table `skus`
--
INSERT INTO `skus` (`id`, `product_id`, `sku`, `price`) VALUES
(1, 1, 'W1SSCW', '10.00'),
(2, 1, 'W1SSCB', '10.00'),
(3, 1, 'W1SLCW', '12.00'),
(4, 1, 'W1SLCB', '15.00');
-- --------------------------------------------------------
--
-- Table structure for table `skus_product_variant_options`
--
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `skus_product_variant_options` (
`sku_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`product_variant_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`product_variant_options_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sku_id`,`product_variant_options_id`,`product_variant_id`),
UNIQUE KEY `UNIQUE_sku_id_product_variant_id` (`sku_id`,`product_variant_id`),
KEY `spvo_product_variant_options_id_pro_idx` (`product_variant_options_id`),
KEY `spvo_product_variant_id_product_var_idx` (`product_variant_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- Dumping data for table `skus_product_variant_options`
--
INSERT INTO `skus_product_variant_options` (`sku_id`, `product_variant_id`, `product_variant_options_id`) VALUES
(1, 1, 1),
(2, 1, 1),
(3, 1, 2),
(4, 1, 2),
(1, 2, 3),
(3, 2, 3),
(2, 2, 4),
(4, 2, 4);
--
-- Constraints for dumped tables
--
--
-- Constraints for table `product_variants`
--
ALTER TABLE `product_variants`
ADD CONSTRAINT `product_variants_product_id_products_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
--
-- Constraints for table `product_variant_options`
--
ALTER TABLE `product_variant_options`
ADD CONSTRAINT `product_variant_options_product_variant_id_product_variants_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_id`) REFERENCES `product_variants` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
--
-- Constraints for table `skus`
--
ALTER TABLE `skus`
ADD CONSTRAINT `skus_product_id_products_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
--
-- Constraints for table `skus_product_variant_options`
--
ALTER TABLE `skus_product_variant_options`
ADD CONSTRAINT `skus_product_variant_options_sku_id_skus_id` FOREIGN KEY (`sku_id`) REFERENCES `skus` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
ADD CONSTRAINT `spvo_product_variant_options_id_product_variant_options_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_options_id`) REFERENCES `product_variant_options` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
ADD CONSTRAINT `spvo_product_variant_id_product_variants_id` FOREIGN KEY (`product_variant_id`) REFERENCES `product_variants` (`id`) ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
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答案 0 :(得分:38)
您可以拥有如下设计:
+---------------+ +-------------------+
| PRODUCTS |-----< PRODUCT_VARIANTS |
+---------------+ +-------------------+
| #product_id | | #product_id |
| product_name | | #variant_id |
+---------------+ | sku_id |
| +-------------------+
| |
+--------^--------+ +--------^--------+
| PRODUCT_OPTIONS |-----< VARIANT_VALUES |
+-----------------+ +-----------------+
| #product_id | | #product_id |
| #option_id | | #variant_id |
+--------v--------+ | #option_id |
| | value_id |
+-----------------+ +--------v--------+
| OPTIONS | |
+-----------------+ |
| #option_id | |
| option_name | |
+-----------------+ |
| |
+-------^-------+ |
| OPTION_VALUES |---------------+
+---------------+
| #option_id |
| #value_id |
| value_name |
+---------------+
使用主键,唯一键和外键:
你有:
然后,您需要创建一个n维数组,其维数等于产品的选项数。数组中的每个元素对应于产品变体。每种产品总会至少有一种产品变体;因为产品“as-is”总是存在伪选项
您可能希望进行验证以确保未分配SKU,除非已为与产品关联的所有选项指定了值。
根据您查看数据的方式的电子表格,您可以按如下方式在表格中输入数据:
PRODUCTS
========
id name
--- --------
1 Widget 1
2 Widget 2
3 Widget 3
PRODUCT_VARIANTS
================
id product_id name
--- ---------- ------
1 1 Size (Widget 1)
2 1 Color (Widget 1)
3 2 Size (Widget 2)
4 3 Class (Widget 3)
5 3 Size (Widget 3)
PRODUCT_VARIANT_OPTIONS
=======================
id product_variant_id name
--- ------------------ -------------
1 1 Small (Widget 1; Size)
2 1 Large (Widget 1; Size)
3 2 White (Widget 1; Color)
4 2 Black (Widget 1; Color)
5 3 Small (Widget 2; Size)
6 3 Medium (Widget 2; Size)
7 4 Amateur (Widget 3; Class)
8 4 Professional (Widget 3; Class)
9 5 Medium (Widget 3; Size)
10 5 Large (Widget 3; Size)
SKUS
====
id product_id sku price
--- ---------- ------ -----
1 1 W1SSCW 10 (Widget 1)
2 1 W1SSCB 10 (Widget 1)
3 1 W1SLCW 12 (Widget 1)
4 1 W1SLCB 15 (Widget 1)
5 2 W2SS 100 (Widget 2)
6 2 W2SM 100 (Widget 2)
7 3 W3CASM 50 (Widget 3)
8 3 W3CASL 50 (Widget 3)
9 3 W3CPSM 150 (Widget 3)
10 3 W3CPSL 160 (Widget 3)
PRODUCT_VARIANT_OPTION_COMBINATIONS
===================================
product_variant_option_id sku_id
------------------------- ------
1 1 (W1SSCW; Size; Small)
3 1 (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1 2 (W1SSCB; Size; Small)
4 2 (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
2 3 (W1SLCW; Size; Large)
3 3 (W1SLCW; Color; White)
2 4 (W1SLCB; Size; Large)
4 4 (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
5 5 (W2SS; Size; Small)
6 6 (W2SM; Size; Medium)
7 7 (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
9 7 (W3CASM; Size; Medium)
7 8 (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
10 8 (W3CASL; Size; Large)
8 9 (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
9 9 (W3CPSM; Size; Medium)
8 10 (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
10 10 (W3CPSL; Size; Large)
您的设计似乎没有停止添加记录条目(product_variant_option_id:2; sku_id 1),因此SKU W1SSCW现在既有Small又有大小的选项。没有什么可以阻止记录的输入(product_variant_option_id:7; sku_id:1),以便SKU W1SSCW也有选项Amateur。
根据您查看数据的方式的电子表格,您可以按如下方式在表格中输入数据:
PRODUCTS
========
product_id product_name
---------- ------------
1 Widget 1
2 Widget 2
3 Widget 3
OPTIONS
=======
option_id option_name
--------- -----------
1 Size SL
2 Color
3 Size SM
4 Class
5 Size ML
OPTION_VALUES
=============
option_id value_id value_name
--------- -------- ------------
1 1 Small (Size SL)
1 2 Large (Size SL)
2 1 White (Color)
2 2 Black (Color)
3 1 Small (Size SM)
3 2 Medium (Size SM)
4 1 Amateur (Class)
4 2 Professional (Class)
5 1 Medium (Size ML)
5 2 Large (Size ML)
PRODUCT_OPTIONS
===============
product_id option_id
---------- ---------
1 1 (Widget 1; Size SL)
1 2 (Widget 1; Color)
2 3 (Widget 2; Size SM)
3 4 (Widget 3; Class)
3 5 (Widget 4; Size ML)
PRODUCT_VARIANTS
================
product_id variant_id sku_id
---------- ---------- ------
1 1 W1SSCW (Widget 1)
1 2 W1SSCB (Widget 1)
1 3 W1SLCW (Widget 1)
1 4 W1SLCB (Widget 1)
2 1 W2SS (Widget 2)
2 2 W2SM (Widget 2)
3 1 W3CASM (Widget 3)
3 2 W3CASL (Widget 3)
3 3 W3CPSM (Widget 3)
3 4 W3CPSL (Widget 3)
VARIANT_VALUES
==============
product_id variant_id option_id value_id
---------- ---------- --------- --------
1 1 1 1 (W1SSCW; Size SL; Small)
1 1 2 1 (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1 2 1 1 (W1SSCB; Size SL; Small)
1 2 2 2 (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
1 3 1 2 (W1SLCW; Size SL; Large)
1 3 2 1 (W1SLCW; Color; White)
1 4 1 2 (W1SLCB; Size SL; Large)
1 4 2 2 (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
2 1 3 1 (W2SS; Size SM; Small)
2 2 3 2 (W2SM; Size SM; Medium)
3 1 4 1 (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
3 1 5 1 (W3CASM; Size ML; Medium)
3 2 4 1 (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
3 2 5 2 (W3CASL; Size ML; Large)
3 3 4 2 (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
3 3 5 1 (W3CPSM; Size ML; Medium)
3 4 4 2 (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
3 4 5 2 (W3CPSL; Size ML; Large)
在我的设计中,您无法输入额外的VARIANT_VALUES记录(product_id:1; variant_id:1; option_id:1; value_id:2) - 因此SKU W1SSC现在既有小又大的选项 - 由于主要VARIANT_VALUES上的键和现有的VARIANT_VALUES记录(product_id:1; variant_id:1; option_id:1; value_id:1)。在我的设计中,您无法输入VARIANT_VALUES记录(product_id:1; variant_id:1; option_id:4; value_id:1) - 因此SKU W1SSCW也有选项Amateur - 由于外键引用PRODUCT_OPTIONS而缺少a记录在此表(product_id:1; option_id:4)中,表示Class是产品Widget 1的有效选项。
编辑:没有PRODUCT_OPTIONS表的设计
您可以拥有如下设计:
+---------------+ +---------------+
| PRODUCTS |-----< PRODUCT_SKUS |
+---------------+ +---------------+
| #product_id | | #product_id |
| product_name | | #sku_id |
+---------------+ | sku |
| | price |
| +---------------+
| |
+-------^-------+ +------^------+
| OPTIONS |------< SKU_VALUES |
+---------------+ +-------------+
| #product_id | | #product_id |
| #option_id | | #sku_id |
| option_name | | #option_id |
+---------------+ | value_id |
| +------v------+
+-------^-------+ |
| OPTION_VALUES |-------------+
+---------------+
| #product_id |
| #option_id |
| #value_id |
| value_name |
+---------------+
使用主键,唯一键和外键:
根据您查看数据的方式的电子表格,您可以在这些表格中输入数据,如下所示:
PRODUCTS
========
product_id product_name
---------- ------------
1 Widget 1
2 Widget 2
3 Widget 3
OPTIONS
=======
product_id option_id option_name
---------- --------- -----------
1 1 Size (Widget 1)
1 2 Color (Widget 1)
2 1 Size (Widget 2)
3 1 Class (Widget 3)
3 2 Size (Widget 3)
OPTION_VALUES
=============
product_id option_id value_id value_name
---------- --------- -------- ------------
1 1 1 Small (Widget1; Size)
1 1 2 Large (Widget1; Size)
1 2 1 White (Widget1; Color)
1 2 2 Black (Widget1; Color)
2 1 1 Small (Widget2; Size)
2 1 2 Medium (Widget2; Size)
3 1 1 Amateur (Widget3; Class)
3 1 2 Professional (Widget3; Class)
3 2 1 Medium (Widget3; Size)
3 2 2 Large (Widget3; Size)
PRODUCT_SKUS
============
product_id sku_id sku
---------- ------ ------
1 1 W1SSCW (Widget 1)
1 2 W1SSCB (Widget 1)
1 3 W1SLCW (Widget 1)
1 4 W1SLCB (Widget 1)
2 1 W2SS (Widget 2)
2 2 W2SM (Widget 2)
3 1 W3CASM (Widget 3)
3 2 W3CASL (Widget 3)
3 3 W3CPSM (Widget 3)
3 4 W3CPSL (Widget 3)
SKU_VALUES
==========
product_id sku_id option_id value_id
---------- ------ --------- --------
1 1 1 1 (W1SSCW; Size; Small)
1 1 2 1 (W1SSCW; Color; White)
1 2 1 1 (W1SSCB; Size; Small)
1 2 2 2 (W1SSCB; Color; Black)
1 3 1 2 (W1SLCW; Size; Large)
1 3 2 1 (W1SLCW; Color; White)
1 4 1 2 (W1SLCB; Size; Large)
1 4 2 2 (W1SLCB; Color; Black)
2 1 1 1 (W2SS; Size; Small)
2 2 1 2 (W2SM; Size; Medium)
3 1 1 1 (W3CASM; Class; Amateur)
3 1 2 1 (W3CASM; Size; Medium)
3 2 1 1 (W3CASL; Class; Amateur)
3 2 2 2 (W3CASL; Size; Large)
3 3 1 2 (W3CPSM; Class; Professional)
3 3 2 1 (W3CPSM; Size; Medium)
3 4 1 2 (W3CPSL; Class; Professional)
3 4 2 2 (W3CPSL; Size; Large)