Pythonic访问递归嵌套dict的方法

时间:2014-07-22 14:02:59

标签: python recursion dictionary

在一般情况下,我们如何对嵌套dicts进行递归访问?

from collections import defaultdict

D = lambda: defaultdict(D)
d = D()

keys = ['k1', 'k2', 'k3']
value = 'v'

if len(keys) == 3:
    k1, k2, k3 = keys
    d[k1][k2][k3] = value
else:
    ???

我走了reduced.__getitem__d.__setitem__的可怕道路,但觉得肯定会有更优雅的方式......

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

这很丑陋,但这很有效:

def set_val(d, keys, val):
    reduce(lambda x,y: x[y], keys[:-1], d)[keys[-1]] = val

稍微可读的版本:

def set_val(d, keys, val):
    last = keys[-1]  # Key we want to set val on
    search_keys = keys[:-1]  # Keys we need to traverse
    reduce(lambda x,y: x[y], search_keys, d)[last] = val

用法:

>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> D = lambda: defaultdict(D)
>>> d = D()
>>> set_val(d, ['k1', 'k2', 'k3'], "hi")
>>> d
defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x7fbd365ac7d0>, {'k1': defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x7fbd365ac7d0>, {'k2': defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x7fbd365ac7d0>, {'k3': 'hi'})})})
>>> d['k1']['k2']['k3']
'hi'

它使用reduce来达到请求的最内层字典(keys[:-1]),然后将列表中的最终键设置为所需的值(output_of_reduce[keys[-1]] = val)。

请注意,在Python 3中,您需要functools import reduce来使用此功能。

为了清晰起见,这里扩展了代码:

def set_val(d, keys, val):
    out = d
    for k in keys[:-1]:
        out = out[k]
    out[keys[-1]] = val

答案 1 :(得分:2)

你可以使用递归。不能说它比循环更优雅或更pythonic,或者使用reduce。

def assign(dct, keylist, value):
    if not keylist:
        dct = value
    else:
        dct[keylist[0]] = assign(dct[keylist[0]], keylist[1:], value)
    return dct


if __name__ == '__main__':
    from collections import defaultdict
    D = lambda: defaultdict(D)
    d = D()
    keys = ['k1', 'k2', 'k3']
    value = 'v'
    assign(d, keys, value)
    print d['k1']['k2']['k3']

[prints] 'v'