Android的涟漪效应 - 按钮的触摸反馈 - 使用XML

Question

我正在尝试了解如何为按钮和其他视图实现“涟漪效应 - 触摸反馈”。我查看了与SO上的Ripple触摸效果相关的问题，并对其进行了一些了解。我能够使用这个java代码成功地获得涟漪效应。

import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.RadialGradient;
import android.graphics.Region;
import android.graphics.Shader;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.animation.AccelerateInterpolator;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MyButton extends Button {

    private float mDownX;
    private float mDownY;

    private float mRadius;

    private Paint mPaint;

    public MyButton(final Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    public MyButton(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    public MyButton(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
            final int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        init();
    }

    private void init() {
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAlpha(100);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(@NonNull final MotionEvent event) {
        if (event.getActionMasked() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
            mDownX = event.getX();
            mDownY = event.getY();

            ObjectAnimator animator = ObjectAnimator.ofFloat(this, "radius", 0,
                    getWidth() * 3.0f);
            animator.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
            animator.setDuration(400);
            animator.start();
        }
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

    public void setRadius(final float radius) {
        mRadius = radius;
        if (mRadius > 0) {
            RadialGradient radialGradient = new RadialGradient(mDownX, mDownY,
                    mRadius * 3, Color.TRANSPARENT, Color.BLACK,
                    Shader.TileMode.MIRROR);
            mPaint.setShader(radialGradient);
        }
        invalidate();
    }

    private Path mPath = new Path();
    private Path mPath2 = new Path();

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(@NonNull final Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);

        mPath2.reset();
        mPath2.addCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius, Path.Direction.CW);

        canvas.clipPath(mPath2);

        mPath.reset();
        mPath.addCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius / 3, Path.Direction.CW);

        canvas.clipPath(mPath, Region.Op.DIFFERENCE);

        canvas.drawCircle(mDownX, mDownY, mRadius, mPaint);
    }
}

但是，我想使用XML方法。我如何实现这一目标？我看过this和this，但我对风格不太满意，所以我发现很难达到涟漪效应。

我有一个包含以下XML代码的按钮：

 <Button
            android:id="@+id/button_email"
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="0.50"
            android:gravity="center"
            android:text="@string/email" />

如何为此按钮获得涟漪效果。如果有人可以指导我，我会很感激。

[编辑]添加ripple.xml和background.xml，如上面的一个链接中所述。我在res中创建了一个drawable-v21文件夹，并在那里添加了以下文件。

ripple.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:color="@android:color/black" >
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/background">
    </item>
</ripple>

background.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <solid android:color="@android:color/darker_gray" />
</shape>

我添加了纹波作为我的按钮的背景，现在是我的按钮的xml ..

<Button
    android:id="@+id/button_email"
    android:layout_width="0dip"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="0.50"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:background="@drawable/ripple"
    android:text="@string/email" />

当我运行应用程序时，我得到一个ResourceNotFoundException。这是logcat跟踪..

07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Process: com.xx.xxx, PID: 15710
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #60: Error inflating class <unknown>
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:620)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater.onCreateView(PhoneLayoutInflater.java:56)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:669)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:694)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:755)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:758)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:492)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:397)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.xx.xxx.BusinessAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(BusinessAdapter.java:106)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.xx.xxx.BusinessAdapter.onCreateViewHolder(BusinessAdapter.java:1)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter.createViewHolder(RecyclerView.java:2915)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Recycler.getViewForPosition(RecyclerView.java:2511)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager$RenderState.next(LinearLayoutManager.java:1425)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager.fill(LinearLayoutManager.java:999)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager.onLayoutChildren(LinearLayoutManager.java:524)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.dispatchLayout(RecyclerView.java:1461)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.onLayout(RecyclerView.java:1600)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.widget.ActionBarOverlayLayout.onLayout(ActionBarOverlayLayout.java:374)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.layoutChildren(FrameLayout.java:453)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:388)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.View.layout(View.java:14817)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4631)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:1983)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:1740)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:996)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:5600)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:761)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:574)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:544)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:747)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:733)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:136)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5001)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:785)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:601)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:594)
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710):    ... 50 more
07-21 17:03:39.043: E/AndroidRuntime(15710): Caused by: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: Resource is not a Drawable (color or path): TypedValue{t=0x1/d=0x7f020075 a=-1 r=0x

Answer 1

您可以这样做：

<Button
      android:layout_width="wrap_content"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:background="@drawable/ripple"

    />

ripple.xml是：

<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                      android:color="?android:colorControlHighlight">
        <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
            <shape android:shape="oval">
                <solid android:color="?android:colorAccent" />
            </shape>
        </item>
 </ripple>

Answer 2

只需将?attr/selectableItemBackground放在API 21+按钮的背景中，如下所示：

<Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="70dp"
        android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
        android:text="Button" />

Answer 3

对于棒棒糖（API＆gt; 21），在drawable中将文件设为btn_ripple_effect.xml并放在代码下面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<ripple xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:color="?android:colorAccent"
    tools:targetApi="lollipop">
    <item android:drawable="@color/cancel_btn_clr" /> <!-- default -->
    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <solid android:color="?android:colorAccent" />
        </shape>
    </item>
</ripple>

对于pre lollipop（API＆lt; 21），将文件生成为drawable-v21文件夹中的btn_ripple_effect.xml并放在代码下面

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <item android:state_pressed="true">
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="@color/colorAccent"></solid>
        </shape>
    </item>

    <item>
        <shape>
            <solid android:color="@color/cancel_btn_clr"></solid>
        </shape>
    </item>

</selector>

Answer 4

对上述答案的轻微补充：请注意，不会以任何方式使用遮罩颜色。

你也可以用波纹做更复杂的事情。例如，如果您想在涟漪按钮上使用边框，则可以像使用图层列表一样使用它。

<ripple
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:color="?android:colorControlHighlight">

    <!-- Note: <ripple> acts like a layer-list -->
    <item android:id="@android:id/mask">
        <shape android:shape="oval">
            <!-- This color is not displayed in any way -->
            <solid android:color="@android:color/black" />
        </shape>
    </item>

    <!-- This is the border -->
    <item>
        <shape android:shape="rectangle">
            <corners android:radius="3dp"/>
            <!-- Use your border color in place of #f00 -->
            <stroke android:width="1dp" android:color="#f00"/>
        </shape>
    </item>
 </ripple>

请注意，标识为@android:id/mask的元素仅用于显示涟漪效应停止的位置。如果您希望它覆盖整个按钮，则可以将android:shape更改为rectangle。你可以想象用它来做更多有趣的事情！

另外，请确保为尚未使用21的设备提供备用抽屉，否则应用程序将在旧设备上崩溃。

Answer 5

在 android：前景中使用此功能的最佳方法，因为它也允许您使用自己的背景。

  

机器人：前景=＆＃34;机器人：？ATTR / selectableItemBackground＆＃34;

示例：

<android.support.v7.widget.AppCompatButton
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:foreground="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground"
    android:background="@color/button.normal"
    android:textColor="@color/white"/>

Answer 6

我正在研究涟漪效应，因为它是我想要应用于我的应用程序中的几个按钮并发生在你的帖子中。虽然你的问题是寻找一个关于如何使用XML添加涟漪效应的答案，这实际上是我试图避免的，因为在尝试添加该属性时，你会发现它需要v21。

如果你的目标低于v21，那么扩展Button（或ImageButton等）的新类将避免编译器的抱怨。

由于没有关于如何实现上面的自定义类的解释，我想我会填写。你需要做的就是创建新类，然后在XML更改＆＃34; Button＆＃34; to＆＃34; the.package.name.MyButton＆＃34;。

来自：

 <Button
    android:id="@+id/Button"     

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

要：

 <the.package.name.MyButton
   android:id="@+id/Button"     

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

那就是它。现在按下按钮时，其边界内会有一个波纹。

我喜欢这种方法，我只希望波纹能够超越界限。对于一个小按钮，这种涟漪效果确实突出了按钮的实际方形或矩形。如果波纹一直持续到达到它的全半径，那么在视觉上会更令人满意。

Answer 7

您可以将clickable true和background或foreround ?attr/selectableItemBackground属性添加到视图中：

<Button
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="Button"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:background="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>

如果您的观点已经填充了background，那么您可以使用foreground

填充selectableItemBackground

<Button
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:text="Button"
     android:clickable="true"
     android:foreground="?attr/selectableItemBackground"
     android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
     android:textColor="@android:color/white"/>