Question

我是OpenGL和JOGL的新手，但是我遇到了这个问题，我似乎无法找到解决方案。每当我有雾或某些光线时，它总是以平行于x轴的直线绘制。该类是问题发生的地方：

public class JoglCanvas扩展GLCanvas实现GLEventListener { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1173053770896367688L;

public FPSAnimator animator;
private GLU glu;


public JoglCanvas(int width, int height, GLCapabilities capabilities){
    super(capabilities);

    addGLEventListener(this);
    setSize(width, height);

}


public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
    GL2 gl = (GL2)drawable.getGL();
    gl.glClear(GL.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    if(Settings.WireFrame){
        gl.glPolygonMode( GL2.GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL2.GL_LINE);
    }else{
        gl.glPolygonMode( GL2.GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL2.GL_FILL);
    }


    //Draw player hb
    //drawCube(new Cube(Settings.Player1.get_actual_location(), Settings.Player1.Size), gl);

    //drawSphere(new Vector(Camera.Location.x, Camera.Location.y, Camera.Location.z), Settings.TEXTURE_SKY, Camera.ViewDistance, gl);

    //Preparing lights
        float SHINE_ALL_DIRECTIONS = 0;
        float[] lightPos = {0, 0, 0, SHINE_ALL_DIRECTIONS};
        float[] lightColorAmbient = {0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0f};
        float[] lightColorSpecular = {0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 0f};

        //Set Light parameters
        gl.glLightfv(GL2.GL_LIGHT1, GL2.GL_POSITION, lightPos, 0);
        gl.glLightfv(GL2.GL_LIGHT1, GL2.GL_AMBIENT, lightColorAmbient, 0);
        gl.glLightfv(GL2.GL_LIGHT1, GL2.GL_SPECULAR, lightColorSpecular, 0);

        //Enable lighting
        gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_LIGHT1);
        gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_LIGHTING);

        //Set material
        float[] rgba = {0.4f, 0.5f, 0.7f};

        gl.glMaterialfv(GL2.GL_FRONT, GL2.GL_AMBIENT, rgba, 0);
        gl.glMaterialfv(GL2.GL_FRONT, GL2.GL_SPECULAR, rgba, 0);
        gl.glMaterialf(GL2.GL_FRONT, GL2.GL_SHININESS, 0.5f);

        //Enable fog
        gl.glPushMatrix();

        float Fog_distance = 90f;
        float[] Fog_colour = {0,0,1f,0};


        gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_FOG);
        gl.glHint(GL2.GL_FOG_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST);

        //gl.glFogi(GL2.GL_FOG_MODE, GL2.GL_EXP);
        gl.glFogi(GL2.GL_FOG_MODE, GL2.GL_EXP2);
        //gl.glFogi(GL2.GL_FOG_MODE, GL2.GL_LINEAR);

        gl.glFogf(GL2.GL_FOG_DENSITY, 0.005f);
        gl.glFogfv(GL2.GL_FOG_COLOR, Fog_colour, 0);
        gl.glFogf(GL2.GL_FOG_START, Fog_distance - 30);
        gl.glFogf(GL2.GL_FOG_END, Fog_distance);

        gl.glPopMatrix();

        for(int x = 0; x<99; x++){
            for(int z = 0; z<99; z++){
                float[] Current_Height = {Height[x][z], Height[x+1][z], Height[x][z+1], Height[x+1][z+1],};
                new Tile(new Vector(x*Tile.Size/2,0,z*Tile.Size/2), Current_Height).drawTile(gl);
            }
        }
        setCamera(gl);
}
float[][] Height = new float[100][100];

private GL2 drawCube(Cube c, GL2 gl){
    //Set material
    float[] rgba = {0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1f};

    gl.glMaterialfv(GL2.GL_FRONT, GL2.GL_AMBIENT, rgba, 1);
    gl.glMaterialfv(GL2.GL_FRONT, GL2.GL_SPECULAR, rgba, 0);
    gl.glMaterialf(GL2.GL_FRONT, GL2.GL_SHININESS, 0.5f);

    gl.glDisable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    try{
        Settings.Textures[c.GraphicsID].enable(gl);
        Settings.Textures[c.GraphicsID].bind(gl);
    }catch(NullPointerException e){
    }

    //drawSphere(c.Location, c.GraphicsID, 0.2f, gl);

    final int x = 0, y = 1, z = 2;


    final float[] TL = {0, 0, 0};
    final float[] BR = {c.Size.x, c.Size.y, c.Size.z};


    final float[] FrontTL = {TL[x], TL[y] ,TL[z]};
    final float[] FrontTR = {BR[x], TL[y], TL[z]};
    final float[] FrontBL = {TL[x], BR[y], TL[z]};
    final float[] FrontBR = {BR[x], BR[y], TL[z]};

    final float[] BackTL = {TL[x], TL[y], BR[z]};
    final float[] BackTR = {BR[x], TL[y], BR[z]};
    final float[] BackBL = {TL[x], BR[y], BR[z]};
    final float[] BackBR = {BR[x], BR[y], BR[z]};

    gl.glPushMatrix();

    gl.glTranslatef(c.Location.x, c.Location.y, c.Location.z);
    gl.glRotatef(c.Rotation.x, c.Rotation.y, c.Rotation.z, 0);
    //Draw Cube

        // Front Face.
            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBR, 0);

            gl.glEnd();

            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBL, 0);
            gl.glEnd();

        //Left Face.
            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBL, 0);

            gl.glEnd();

            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBL, 0);
            gl.glEnd();

        //Right Face.
            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBR, 0);

            gl.glEnd();

            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBR, 0);
            gl.glEnd();


        //Bottom Face.
            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBR, 0);

            gl.glEnd();

            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontBR, 0);
            gl.glEnd();


        //Top Face.
            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTR, 0);

            gl.glEnd();

            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(FrontTR, 0);
            gl.glEnd();


        // Back Face.
            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBR, 0);

            gl.glEnd();

            gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
            gl.glNormal3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackTL, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBR, 0);

            gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
            gl.glVertex3fv(BackBL, 0);
            gl.glEnd();

        // Restore old state.
        gl.glPopMatrix();


    return gl;
}

private GL2 drawSphere(Vector Pos, int t, float r, GL2 gl){
    gl.glPushMatrix();

    gl.glTranslatef(Pos.x, Pos.y, Pos.z);

    GLUquadric Sphere = glu.gluNewQuadric();
    glu.gluQuadricTexture(Sphere, false);

    try{
        Settings.Textures[t].enable(gl);
        Settings.Textures[t].bind(gl);
        glu.gluQuadricTexture(Sphere, true);
    }catch(Exception e){
        //System.err.println("Texture application " + e.getMessage());
    }

    glu.gluQuadricDrawStyle(Sphere, GLU.GLU_FILL);
    glu.gluQuadricNormals(Sphere, GLU.GLU_FLAT);
    glu.gluQuadricOrientation(Sphere, GLU.GLU_INSIDE);

    glu.gluSphere(Sphere, r, Settings.Slices, Settings.Stacks);
    glu.gluDeleteQuadric(Sphere);

    gl.glPopMatrix();
    return gl;
}


private void setCamera(GL2 gl){
    Camera.Location = Settings.Player1.get_eye_pos();

    gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
    gl.glLoadIdentity();

    float widthHeightRatio = (float) getWidth()/ (float) getHeight();

    glu.gluPerspective(Camera.FOV, widthHeightRatio, 1, Camera.ViewDistance);

    glu.gluLookAt(Camera.Location.x, Camera.Location.y, Camera.Location.z, 
                                Camera.Location.x+Camera.ViewPort.x, Camera.Location.y+Camera.ViewPort.y, Camera.Location.z+Camera.ViewPort.z,
                                0, 1, 0);

    gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
    gl.glLoadIdentity();

}

public void dispose(GLAutoDrawable arg0) {
}

public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
    Height[0][0] = 0;
    for(int x = 0; x<100; x++){
        for(int z = 0; z<100; z++){
            Height[x][z] = Maths.RandFloat(-Maths.RandInt(-10, 10)/2, Maths.RandInt(-10, 10)/2);
        }
    }

    this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){

        public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
            Settings.KeyBoard[e.getKeyCode()] = true;
        }

        public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e){
            Settings.KeyBoard[e.getKeyCode()] = false;
        }

    });


    this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter(){

        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){

            if(Settings.LockMouse){
                Settings.LockMouse = false;
            }else{
                Settings.LockMouse = true;
            }
        }

    });

    //LoadTexture
    Settings.Textures[Settings.TEXTURE_STONE] = importTexture("Stone");
    Settings.Textures[Settings.TEXTURE_SKY] = importTexture("Sky");

    GL2 gl = (GL2)drawable.getGL();
    drawable.setGL(new DebugGL2(gl)); 

    //Global settings.
    gl.glEnable(GL.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    gl.glDepthFunc(GL.GL_LEQUAL);

    gl.glShadeModel(GL2.GL_SMOOTH);
    gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST);

    gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f);

    glu = new GLU();

    //Animator
    animator = new FPSAnimator(this, 60);
    animator.start();
}

public Texture importTexture(String Loc){
    Texture t = null;
    try{

        FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File("Resources/" + Loc + ".png"));
        TextureData data = TextureIO.newTextureData(getGLProfile(), stream, true, "png");
        t = TextureIO.newTexture(data);
    }catch(IOException e){
        System.err.println(e.getMessage() + "\n");
    }
    return t;
}

public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
    GL gl = drawable.getGL();
    gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}



}

是否有任何可能导致这一系列雾/光照而不是它在一个圆圈内的东西？

编辑：我现在已经离开并用极坐标创建了我自己的系统，但是，我仍然有兴趣知道错误地做了什么。

编辑2：

解决方案：

private void setCamera(GL2 gl){
    Camera.Location = Settings.Player1.get_eye_pos();

    gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
    gl.glLoadIdentity();

    float widthHeightRatio = (float) getWidth()/ (float) getHeight();

    glu.gluPerspective(Camera.FOV, widthHeightRatio, 1, 10000);


    gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
    gl.glLoadIdentity();

    glu.gluLookAt(Camera.Location.x, Camera.Location.y, Camera.Location.z, 
                                Camera.Location.x+Camera.ViewPort.x, Camera.Location.y+Camera.ViewPort.y, Camera.Location.z+Camera.ViewPort.z,
                                0, 1, 0);


    //Enable fog

    float Fog_distance = Camera.ViewDistance;
    float[] Fog_colour = {0,0,1f,0};


    gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_FOG);
    gl.glHint(GL2.GL_FOG_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST);

    //gl.glFogi(GL2.GL_FOG_MODE, GL2.GL_EXP);
    gl.glFogi(GL2.GL_FOG_MODE, GL2.GL_EXP2);
    //gl.glFogi(GL2.GL_FOG_MODE, GL2.GL_LINEAR);

    gl.glFogf(GL2.GL_FOG_DENSITY, 0.005f);
    gl.glFogfv(GL2.GL_FOG_COLOR, Fog_colour, 0);
    gl.glFogf(GL2.GL_FOG_START, Fog_distance - 30);
    gl.glFogf(GL2.GL_FOG_END, Fog_distance);







}

Answer 1

固定函数GL与视图矩阵定义的特定眼睛空间一起工作，并期望模型和视图矩阵的组合为GL_MODELVIEW矩阵（因此名称）将顶点从对象空间转换为眼睛空间。照明和雾计算在眼睛空间进行。

对于眼睛空间，使用相机位于原点的对流，观察朝上的-z和y。而GLu的lookAt()函数将完全生成该函数。

然而，这段代码

gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION);
gl.glLoadIdentity();

float widthHeightRatio = (float) getWidth()/ (float) getHeight();

glu.gluPerspective(Camera.FOV, widthHeightRatio, 1, Camera.ViewDistance);

glu.gluLookAt(Camera.Location.x, Camera.Location.y, Camera.Location.z, 
                            Camera.Location.x+Camera.ViewPort.x, Camera.Location.y+Camera.ViewPort.y, Camera.Location.z+Camera.ViewPort.z,
                            0, 1, 0);

gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
gl.glLoadIdentity();

将投影和视图矩阵合并到GL_PROJECTION矩阵中。这样做会破坏光线和雾气，因为现在GL认为眼睛空间是现实世界的空间。这意味着，照明和雾化甚至不会取决于观看位置。

JOGL雾和照明以直线而不是圆形显示

1 个答案: