按顺序检查缺失的编号

时间:2010-03-19 08:11:13

标签: c# algorithm linq

我有一个List<int>,其中包含1,2,4,7,9。

我的范围从0到10.

有没有办法确定该序列中缺少的数字?

我认为LINQ可能会提供一个选项,但我看不到一个

在现实世界中,我的列表可能包含100,000个项目,因此性能至关重要

14 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:108)

var list = new List<int>(new[] { 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 });
var result = Enumerable.Range(0, 10).Except(list);

答案 1 :(得分:11)

将您要检查的范围转换为HashSet:

public IEnumerable<int> FindMissing(IEnumerable<int> values)
{
  HashSet<int> myRange = new HashSet<int>(Enumerable.Range(0,10));
  myRange.ExceptWith(values);
  return myRange;
}

将返回不在values中的值。

答案 2 :(得分:4)

LINQ的Except方法最具可读性。无论它是否适合您,都需要进行测试。

E.g。

range.Except(listOfValues);

修改

这是我用于迷你基准测试的程序,其他人可以使用以下程序:

static void Main()
{
    var a = Enumerable.Range(0, 1000000);
    var b = new List<int>();

    for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i += 10)
    {
        b.Add(i);
    }

    Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
    sw.Start();
    var c = a.Except(b).ToList();
    sw.Stop();
    Console.WriteLine("Milliseconds {0}", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds );
    sw.Reset();

    Console.ReadLine();
}

答案 3 :(得分:2)

        List<int> selectedNumbers = new List<int>(){8, 5, 3, 12, 2};

        int firstNumber = selectedNumbers.OrderBy(i => i).First();
        int lastNumber = selectedNumbers.OrderBy(i => i).Last();

        List<int> allNumbers = Enumerable.Range(firstNumber, lastNumber - firstNumber + 1).ToList();

        List<int> missingNumbers = allNumbers.Except(selectedNumbers).ToList();

        foreach (int i in missingNumbers)
        {
            Response.Write(i);
        }

答案 4 :(得分:2)

如果范围是可预测的,我建议采用以下解决方案:

public static void Main()
{
    //set up the expected range
    var expectedRange = Enumerable.Range(0, 10);

    //set up the current list
    var currentList = new List<int> {1, 2, 4, 7, 9};

    //get the missing items
    var missingItems = expectedRange.Except(currentList);       

    //print the missing items
    foreach (int missingItem in missingItems)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(missingItem);
    }

    Console.ReadLine();
}

此致 y00daa

答案 5 :(得分:2)

一种替代方法,适用于任意两个IEnunumerable<T> T : IComparable。如果IEnumerables都被排序,这适用于 O(1)内存(即没有创建另一个ICollection并减去等等)并且在 O(n)时间内

IEnumerable<IComparable>GetEnumerator的使用使得它的可读性稍差,但更为通用。

<强>实施

/// <summary>
/// <para>For two sorted IEnumerable&lt;T&gt; (superset and subset),</para>
/// <para>returns the values in superset which are not in subset.</para>
/// </summary>
public static IEnumerable<T> CompareSortedEnumerables<T>(IEnumerable<T> superset, IEnumerable<T> subset)
    where T : IComparable
{
    IEnumerator<T> supersetEnumerator = superset.GetEnumerator();
    IEnumerator<T> subsetEnumerator = subset.GetEnumerator();
    bool itemsRemainingInSubset = subsetEnumerator.MoveNext();

    // handle the case when the first item in subset is less than the first item in superset
    T firstInSuperset = superset.First();
    while ( itemsRemainingInSubset && supersetEnumerator.Current.CompareTo(subsetEnumerator.Current) >= 0 )
        itemsRemainingInSubset = subsetEnumerator.MoveNext();

    while ( supersetEnumerator.MoveNext() )
    {
        int comparison = supersetEnumerator.Current.CompareTo(subsetEnumerator.Current);
        if ( !itemsRemainingInSubset || comparison < 0 )
        {
            yield return supersetEnumerator.Current;
        }
        else if ( comparison >= 0 )
        {
            while ( itemsRemainingInSubset && supersetEnumerator.Current.CompareTo(subsetEnumerator.Current) >= 0 )
                itemsRemainingInSubset = subsetEnumerator.MoveNext();
        }
    }
}

<强>用法

var values = Enumerable.Range(0, 11);
var list = new List<int> { 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 };
var notIncluded = CompareSortedEnumerables(values, list);

答案 6 :(得分:2)

此方法不使用LINQ,并且通常可用于任意两个IEnunumerable<T> where T :IComparable

public static IEnumerable<T> FindMissing<T>(IEnumerable<T> superset, IEnumerable<T> subset) where T : IComparable
{
    bool include = true;
    foreach (var i in superset)
    {
        foreach (var j in subset)
        {
            include = i.CompareTo(j) == 0;
            if (include)
                break;
        }
        if (!include)
            yield return i;
    }
}

答案 7 :(得分:1)

这不使用LINQ,但它在线性时间内工作。

我假设输入列表已排序。

这需要O(list.Count)

private static IEnumerable<int> get_miss(List<int> list,int length)
{
    var miss = new List<int>();
    int i =0;
    for ( i = 0; i < list.Count - 1; i++)
    {
        foreach (var item in 
                     Enumerable.Range(list[i] + 1, list[i + 1] - list[i] - 1))
        {
            yield return item;
        }

    }
    foreach (var item in Enumerable.Range(list[i]+1,length-list[i]))
    {
        yield return item;
    }
}

这应该是O(n),其中n是全范围的长度。

 static void Main()
    {
        List<int> identifiers = new List<int>() { 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 };

        Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();

        sw.Start();
        List<int> miss = GetMiss(identifiers,150000);
        sw.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("{0}",sw.ElapsedMilliseconds);

    }
private static List<int> GetMiss(List<int> identifiers,int length)
{
    List<int> miss = new List<int>();

    int j = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
    {
        if (i < identifiers[j])
            miss.Add(i);

        else if (i == identifiers[j])
            j++;

        if (j == identifiers.Count)
        {
            miss.AddRange(Enumerable.Range(i + 1, length - i));
            break;
        }
    }

    return miss;
}

答案 8 :(得分:1)

好的,真的,创建一个与初始列表平行的新列表并运行方法除了它...

我使用Aggregate方法创建了一个完全 linq 的答案,而不是找到缺失:

var list = new List<int>(new[] { 1, 2, 4, 7, 9 }); // Assumes list is ordered at this point

list.Insert(0, 0);   // No error checking, just put in the lowest and highest possibles.
list.Add(10);        // For real world processing, put in check and if not represented then add it/them.

var missing = new List<int>();    // Hold any missing values found.

list.Aggregate ((seed, aggr) =>   // Seed is the previous #, aggr is the current number.
{
    var diff = (aggr - seed) -1;  // A difference between them indicates missing.

    if (diff > 0)                 // Missing found...put in the missing range.
        missing.AddRange(Enumerable.Range((aggr - diff), diff));

    return aggr;    
});

在执行上述代码后,缺少的列表具有此功能:

3, 5, 6, 8

答案 9 :(得分:1)

使用Unity,我已经测试了百万个整数集上的两个解决方案。看起来像使用Dictionary和两个“ for”循环比Enumerable.Except

效果更好

FindMissing1总时间:0.1420(可枚举,除外)
FindMissing2总时间:0.0621(字典和两个for循环)

x = n/m

答案 10 :(得分:0)

此方法在这里返回缺少的元素的数量,对集合进行排序,将范围从0到max的所有元素相加,然后删除原始元素,那么您将拥有缺少的集合

int makeArrayConsecutive(int[] statues) 
{

Array.Sort(statues);    
HashSet<int> set = new HashSet<int>();

for(int i = statues[0]; i< statues[statues.Length -1]; i++)
 {
  set.Add(i);
 }

for (int i = 0; i < statues.Length; i++)
{
 set.Remove(statues[i]);
}

var x = set.Count;    
return x;
// return set ; // use this if you need the actual elements + change the method return type        
}

答案 11 :(得分:0)

对于列表L,一个简单的通用解决方案(适用于所有编程语言)

L.Count()*(L.Count()+ 1)/ 2-L.Sum();

返回序列的期望总和减去实际序列。

对于大小为n的列表,缺少的数字是:

n(n + 1)/ 2-(列表编号的总和)

答案 12 :(得分:-1)

创建一个num项数组

const int numItems = 1000;
bool found[numItems] = new bool[numItems];


List<int> list;

PopulateList(list);

list.ForEach( i => found[i] = true );

// now iterate found for the numbers found
for(int count = 0; i < numItems; ++numItems){
  Console.WriteList("Item {0} is {1}", count, found[count] ? "there" : "not there");
}

答案 13 :(得分:-1)

 int sum = 0,missingNumber;
        int[] arr = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
        {
            sum += arr[i];
        }
        Console.WriteLine("The sum from 1 to 10 is 55");
        Console.WriteLine("Sum is :" +sum);
        missingNumber =  55 - sum;
        Console.WriteLine("Missing Number is :-"+missingNumber);
        Console.ReadLine();