我正在尝试从R中受密码保护的网站中抓取数据。看来,httr和RCurl包似乎是使用密码身份验证进行抓取的最佳选择(我还查看了XML包)
我正在尝试抓取的网站如下(您需要一个免费帐户才能访问整个页面): http://subscribers.footballguys.com/myfbg/myviewprojections.php?projector=2
以下是我的两次尝试(用我的用户名替换“username”,用我的密码替换“password”):
#This returns "Status: 200" without the data from the page:
library(httr)
GET("http://subscribers.footballguys.com/myfbg/myviewprojections.php?projector=2", authenticate("username", "password"))
#This returns the non-password protected preview (i.e., not the full page):
library(XML)
library(RCurl)
readHTMLTable(getURL("http://subscribers.footballguys.com/myfbg/myviewprojections.php?projector=2", userpwd = "username:password"))
我查看了其他相关帖子(下面的链接),但无法弄清楚如何将他们的答案应用到我的案例中。
How to use R to download a zipped file from a SSL page that requires cookies
How to webscrape secured pages in R (https links) (using readHTMLTable from XML package)?
Reading information from a password protected site
R - RCurl scrape data from a password-protected site
http://www.inside-r.org/questions/how-scrape-data-password-protected-https-website-using-r-hold
答案 0 :(得分:15)
您可以使用RSelenium。我使用了开发版本,因为您可以在没有Selenium Server的情况下运行phantomjs
。
# Install RSelenium if required. You will need phantomjs in your path or follow instructions
# in package vignettes
# devtools::install_github("ropensci/RSelenium")
# login first
appURL <- 'http://subscribers.footballguys.com/amember/login.php'
library(RSelenium)
pJS <- phantom() # start phantomjs
remDr <- remoteDriver(browserName = "phantomjs")
remDr$open()
remDr$navigate(appURL)
remDr$findElement("id", "login")$sendKeysToElement(list("myusername"))
remDr$findElement("id", "pass")$sendKeysToElement(list("mypass"))
remDr$findElement("css", ".am-login-form input[type='submit']")$clickElement()
appURL <- 'http://subscribers.footballguys.com/myfbg/myviewprojections.php?projector=2'
remDr$navigate(appURL)
tableElem<- remDr$findElement("css", "table.datamedium")
res <- readHTMLTable(header = TRUE, tableElem$getElementAttribute("outerHTML")[[1]])
> res[[1]][1:5, ]
Rank Name Tm/Bye Age Exp Cmp Att Cm% PYd Y/Att PTD Int Rsh Yd TD FantPt
1 1 Peyton Manning DEN/4 38 17 415 620 66.9 4929 7.95 43 12 24 7 0 407.15
2 2 Drew Brees NO/6 35 14 404 615 65.7 4859 7.90 37 16 22 44 1 385.35
3 3 Aaron Rodgers GB/9 31 10 364 560 65.0 4446 7.94 33 13 52 224 3 381.70
4 4 Andrew Luck IND/10 25 3 366 610 60.0 4423 7.25 27 13 62 338 2 361.95
5 5 Matthew Stafford DET/9 26 6 377 643 58.6 4668 7.26 32 19 34 102 1 358.60
最后关闭phantomjs
pJS$stop()
如果您想使用像Firefox这样的传统浏览器(如果您想坚持使用CRAN上的版本),您可以使用:
RSelenium::startServer()
remDr <- remoteDriver()
........
........
remDr$closeServer()
代替相关的phantomjs
来电。
答案 1 :(得分:15)
我没有要测试的帐户,但可能会有效:
library(httr)
library(XML)
handle <- handle("http://subscribers.footballguys.com")
path <- "amember/login.php"
# fields found in the login form.
login <- list(
amember_login = "username"
,amember_pass = "password"
,amember_redirect_url =
"http://subscribers.footballguys.com/myfbg/myviewprojections.php?projector=2"
)
response <- POST(handle = handle, path = path, body = login)
现在,响应对象可能包含您需要的内容(或者您可以在登录请求后直接查询感兴趣的页面;我不确定重定向是否有效,但它是Web表单中的字段),并且handle
可能会被重复用于后续请求。无法测试;但这在很多情况下对我有用。
您可以使用XML
> readHTMLTable(content(response))[[1]][1:5,]
Rank Name Tm/Bye Age Exp Cmp Att Cm% PYd Y/Att PTD Int Rsh Yd TD FantPt
1 1 Peyton Manning DEN/4 38 17 415 620 66.9 4929 7.95 43 12 24 7 0 407.15
2 2 Drew Brees NO/6 35 14 404 615 65.7 4859 7.90 37 16 22 44 1 385.35
3 3 Aaron Rodgers GB/9 31 10 364 560 65.0 4446 7.94 33 13 52 224 3 381.70
4 4 Andrew Luck IND/10 25 3 366 610 60.0 4423 7.25 27 13 62 338 2 361.95
5 5 Matthew Stafford DET/9 26 6 377 643 58.6 4668 7.26 32 19 34 102 1 358.60