当测试的项目在libs目录中有jar时，无法构建和运行使用“ant create test-project”创建的android测试项目

Question

我有一个模块，可以构建一个名为MyApp的应用程序。我有另一个为该应用程序构建一些测试用例，称为MyAppTests。他们都建立自己的APK，他们都在我的IDE中工作正常。我想用ant构建它们，以便我可以利用持续集成。

构建应用模块可以正常工作。我很难让Test模块编译运行。

使用来自previous question的Christopher的提示，我使用android create test-project -p MyAppTests -m ../MyApp -n MyAppTests创建必要的构建文件来构建和运行我的测试项目。这似乎工作得很好（一旦我删除了为我构造的不必要的测试用例并将我的AndroidManifest.xml恢复到我用android create替换之前使用的那个），但我有两个问题。

第一个问题：项目无法编译，因为它缺少库。

$ ant run-tests
Buildfile: build.xml
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-install-tested-project:
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes

-dex:
     [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes.dex...
     [echo]          

-package-resources:
     [echo] Packaging resources
 [aaptexec] Creating full resource package...

-package-debug-sign:
[apkbuilder] Creating MyApp-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key...
[apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore

debug:
     [echo] Running zip align on final apk...
     [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk

install:
     [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec] 1567 KB/s (288354 bytes in 0.179s)
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyApp-debug.apk
     [exec] Success

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/gen
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 5 source files to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:8: package com.google.gson does not exist
    [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
    [javac]                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:9: package com.google.gson does not exist
    [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
    [javac]                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:11: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class GsonTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:6: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:7: package roboguice.util does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboLooperThread;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:11: package com.google.gson does not exist
    [javac] import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
    [javac]                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:15: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class HttpTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:12: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class LinksTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                                ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:4: package roboguice.test does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.test.RoboUnitTestCase;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:5: package roboguice.util does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboAsyncTask;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:6: package roboguice.util does not exist
    [javac] import roboguice.util.RoboLooperThread;
    [javac]                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:12: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol: class RoboUnitTestCase
    [javac] public class SafeAsyncTest extends RoboUnitTestCase<MyApplication> {
    [javac]                                    ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectResource': class file for roboguice.inject.InjectResource not found
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectResource'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView': class file for roboguice.inject.InjectView not found
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes/com/myapp/activity/Stories.class: warning: Cannot find annotation method 'value()' in type 'roboguice.inject.InjectView'
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:15: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonParser
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:15: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonParser
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonParser parser = new JsonParser();
    [javac]                                       ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:18: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonElement
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonElement e = parser.parse(s);
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/GsonTest.java:20: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonElement
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.GsonTest
    [javac]         final JsonElement e2 = parser.parse(s2);
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:19: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method getInstrumentation()
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         assertEquals("MyApp", getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getResources().getString(com.myapp.R.string.app_name));
    [javac]                              ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:62: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:82: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertTrue(java.lang.String,boolean)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         assertTrue(result[0], result[0].contains("Search"));
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:87: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonObject
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         final JsonObject[] result = {null};
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:90: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:117: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class JsonObject
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         final JsonObject[] result = {null};
    [javac]               ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/HttpTest.java:120: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.HttpTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:27: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertTrue(boolean)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.LinksTest
    [javac]             assertTrue(m.matches());
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/LinksTest.java:28: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.LinksTest
    [javac]             assertEquals( map.get(url), m.group(1) );
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:19: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method getInstrumentation()
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals("MyApp", getInstrumentation().getTargetContext().getString(com.myapp.R.string.app_name));
    [javac]                              ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:27: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:65: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:74: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:105: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:113: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:144: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:154: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : class RoboLooperThread
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         new RoboLooperThread() {
    [javac]             ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java:187: cannot find symbol
    [javac] symbol  : method assertEquals(com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State,com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest.State)
    [javac] location: class com.myapp.test.SafeAsyncTest
    [javac]         assertEquals(State.TEST_SUCCESS,state[0]);
    [javac]         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:11: cannot access roboguice.activity.GuiceListActivity
    [javac] class file for roboguice.activity.GuiceListActivity not found
    [javac] public class StoriesTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase<Stories> {
    [javac]                                                      ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:21: cannot access roboguice.application.GuiceApplication
    [javac] class file for roboguice.application.GuiceApplication not found
    [javac]         setApplication( new MyApplication( getInstrumentation().getTargetContext() ) );
    [javac]                         ^
    [javac] /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/StoriesTest.java:22: incompatible types
    [javac] found   : com.myapp.activity.Stories
    [javac] required: android.app.Activity
    [javac]         final Activity activity = startActivity(intent, null, null);
    [javac]                                                ^
    [javac] 39 errors
    [javac] 6 warnings

BUILD FAILED
/opt/local/android-sdk-mac/platforms/android-1.6/templates/android_rules.xml:248: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details.

Total time: 24 seconds

这不是一个难以解决的问题。我不确定这是正确的做法，但我将缺少的库（roboguice和gson）从MyApp / libs目录复制到MyAppTests / libs目录，一切似乎都可以正常编译。

但这导致了第二个问题，我目前仍然坚持这个问题。测试编译正常，但它们不会运行：

$ cp ../MyApp/libs/gson-r538.jar libs/

$ cp ../MyApp/libs/roboguice-1.1-SNAPSHOT.jar libs/

0 10:23 /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests $ ant run-testsBuildfile: build.xml
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-install-tested-project:
    [setup] Project Target: Google APIs
    [setup] Vendor: Google Inc.
    [setup] Platform Version: 1.6
    [setup] API level: 4
    [setup] WARNING: No minSdkVersion value set. Application will install on all Android versions.

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes

-dex:
     [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/classes.dex...
     [echo]          

-package-resources:
     [echo] Packaging resources
 [aaptexec] Creating full resource package...

-package-debug-sign:
[apkbuilder] Creating MyApp-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key...
[apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore

debug:
     [echo] Running zip align on final apk...
     [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk

install:
     [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyApp/bin/MyApp-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec] 1396 KB/s (288354 bytes in 0.201s)
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyApp-debug.apk
     [exec] Success

-compile-tested-if-test:

-dirs:
     [echo] Creating output directories if needed...

-resource-src:
     [echo] Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...

-aidl:
     [echo] Compiling aidl files into Java classes...

compile:
    [javac] Compiling 5 source files to /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes
    [javac] Note: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/src/com/myapp/test/SafeAsyncTest.java uses unchecked or unsafe operations.
    [javac] Note: Recompile with -Xlint:unchecked for details.

-dex:
     [echo] Converting compiled files and external libraries into /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/classes.dex...
     [echo]          

-package-resources:
     [echo] Packaging resources
 [aaptexec] Creating full resource package...

-package-debug-sign:
[apkbuilder] Creating MyAppTests-debug-unaligned.apk and signing it with a debug key...
[apkbuilder] Using keystore: /Users/mike/.android/debug.keystore

debug:
     [echo] Running zip align on final apk...
     [echo] Debug Package: /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/MyAppTests-debug.apk

install:
     [echo] Installing /Users/mike/Projects/myapp/android/MyAppTests/bin/MyAppTests-debug.apk onto default emulator or device...
     [exec] 1227 KB/s (94595 bytes in 0.075s)
     [exec]     pkg: /data/local/tmp/MyAppTests-debug.apk
     [exec] Success

run-tests:
     [echo] Running tests ...
     [exec] 
     [exec] android.test.suitebuilder.TestSuiteBuilder$FailedToCreateTests:INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: shortMsg=Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation
     [exec] INSTRUMENTATION_RESULT: longMsg=java.lang.IllegalAccessError: Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation
     [exec] INSTRUMENTATION_CODE: 0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 38 seconds

知道是什么导致“预验证类中的类引用解决了意外实现”错误？

Answer 1

如果使用Eclipse，更简单的方法是不在测试项目中包含外部库，而是将其导出到Eclipse Project设置中。这将解决问题

前一段时间，我写了一篇博文，解释了这一点： http://juristr.com/blog/2010/06/android-instrumentation-test/

Answer 2

问题是android ant构建脚本中存在一个错误，在编译测试项目时不包含测试项目的libs目录。如果你试图通过将libs复制到测试人员项目的libs目录来解决这个问题，你会像我一样在运行时遇到类验证问题，正如fadden所指出的那样。

解决方案是调整原来在android compile中的android_test_rules.xml目标，将<fileset dir="${tested.project.absolute.dir}/libs" includes="*.jar" />添加到<classpath>指令。

以下是修订后的compile目标。通过将它添加到TESTER项目的build.xml中，它将优先于android_test_rules.xml中的那个：

<!-- override "compile" target in platform android_rules.xml to include tested app's external libraries -->
<target name="compile" depends="-resource-src, -aidl"
            description="Compiles project's .java files into .class files">
    <!-- If android rules are used for a test project, its classpath should include
         tested project's location -->
    <condition property="extensible.classpath"
                       value="${tested.project.absolute.dir}/bin/classes" else=".">
        <isset property="tested.project.absolute.dir" />
    </condition>
    <javac encoding="ascii" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs=""
            destdir="${out.classes.absolute.dir}"
            bootclasspathref="android.target.classpath"
            verbose="${verbose}" classpath="${extensible.classpath}">
        <src path="${source.absolute.dir}" />
        <src path="${gen.absolute.dir}" />
        <classpath>
            <fileset dir="${tested.project.absolute.dir}/libs" includes="*.jar" />
            <fileset dir="${external.libs.absolute.dir}" includes="*.jar" />
        </classpath>
    </javac>
</target>

Answer 3

我有一个类似的问题，使用Intellij IDEA（11.1.1）。我的应用程序可以很好地构建和部署到设备上，当我尝试运行它时，我的测试应用程序会发出大量的dex错误：“预验证类中的类ref解决了意外实现”......

app
   test-app
common-libs

app depends on common-libs (and exports common-libs)
test-app depends on app

这篇文章帮助我弄清楚问题是应用程序和测试应用程序.dex文件中的重复类文件，然后我手动验证。事实证明，为了从test-app中排除app类，在test-app的模块设置中，我需要将它的依赖项app的范围从“compile”改为“提供”。

Answer 4

我在上面的文字中没有看到实际的错误信息，但我想我可以回答。

通常，警告的发生是因为相同的代码出现在两个不同的APK中。一个APK中的实现用于预验证和优化，但另一个实现在执行期间使用。 VM检测到这种情况并拒绝该类，因为验证和优化是通过一组不再适用的假设来执行的。

解决此问题的方法是确保VM只有一个类可用。这可能需要更多地与构建脚本作斗争。

您可以使用“dexdump”查看APK的内容。 （还有“dexlist”，这有点简洁，但我不记得那是否是SDK的一部分。）

Answer 5

就像@fadden所说，相同的代码在两个不同的APK中。这可以是例如当您的测试和测试项目都依赖于相同的android库项目时发生。这不一定是直接的，因为图书馆项目可以依赖于其他图书馆项目。

ant规则文件中的问题似乎已修复。至少在SDK工具r11中。编译目标可以在mail_rules.xml而不是test_rules.xml中找到，仅适用于那些感到困惑的人。

Answer 6

您是否尝试在测试apk中包含.class文件，而不是从原始项目生成新的.class文件？这解决了我的问题。

Answer 7

我遇到了与maven运行的单元测试相同的问题。 通过删除已经由主项目导入的android库的链接，问题得到了解决。

Answer 8

要测试的项目范围应该是编译的，并且应该提供库的范围。

如需了解更多信息，请阅读here

Answer 9

android update test-project -m <project path> -p <test project path>

ant clean

ant debug 

运行这些命令后，您可以运行ant测试。注意：如果它给出了与JUnit相关的错误，请在测试项目libs文件夹中添加Junit jar文件。