我有Ruby的情况,可能需要创建一个对象,但它不确定。由于对象的创建可能代价高昂,因此我并不急于创建它。我认为这是延迟加载的明显案例。如何定义仅在有人向其发送消息时才创建的对象?该对象将在块中创建。有没有办法在Ruby中进行简单的延迟加载/初始化?这些东西是否支持这些东西,它们为各种懒惰的对象初始化提供了不同的解决方案?谢谢你的建议!
答案 0 :(得分:35)
有两种方式。
首先是让调用者处理延迟对象的创建。这是最简单的解决方案,它是Ruby代码中的非常常见的模式。
class ExpensiveObject
def initialize
# Expensive stuff here.
end
end
class Caller
def some_method
my_object.do_something
end
def my_object
# Expensive object is created when my_object is called. Subsequent calls
# will return the same object.
@my_object ||= ExpensiveObject.new
end
end
第二个选项是让对象懒洋洋地初始化。我们围绕实际对象创建一个委托对象来实现这一目标。这种方法有点棘手,不推荐使用,除非您有现有的无法修改的调用代码,例如。
class ExpensiveObject # Delegate
class RealExpensiveObject # Actual object
def initialize
# Expensive stuff here.
end
# More methods...
end
def initialize(*args)
@init_args = args
end
def method_missing(method, *args)
# Delegate to expensive object. __object method will create the expensive
# object if necessary.
__object__.send(method, *args)
end
def __object__
@object ||= RealExpensiveObject.new(*@init_args)
end
end
# This will only create the wrapper object (cheap).
obj = ExpensiveObject.new
# Only when the first message is sent will the internal object be initialised.
obj.do_something
你也可以使用stdlib delegate
来构建它。
答案 1 :(得分:6)
如果您想懒洋洋地评估一些代码,请使用代理:
class LazyProxy
# blank slate... (use BasicObject in Ruby 1.9)
instance_methods.each do |method|
undef_method(method) unless method =~ /^__/
end
def initialize(&lazy_proxy_block)
@lazy_proxy_block = lazy_proxy_block
end
def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
@lazy_proxy_obj ||= @lazy_proxy_block.call # evaluate the real receiver
@lazy_proxy_obj.send(method, *args, &block) # delegate unknown methods to the real receiver
end
end
然后你就这样使用它:
expensive_object = LazyProxy.new { ExpensiveObject.new }
expensive_object.do_something
您可以使用此代码对昂贵的东西进行任意复杂的初始化:
expensive_object = LazyProxy.new do
expensive_helper = ExpensiveHelper.new
do_really_expensive_stuff_with(expensive_helper)
ExpensiveObject.new(:using => expensive_helper)
end
expensive_object.do_something
它是如何工作的?您实例化一个LazyProxy对象,该对象包含有关如何在Proc中构建一些昂贵对象的说明。如果然后在代理对象上调用某个方法,它首先实例化昂贵的对象,然后将方法调用委托给它。