我是蟒蛇编程的新手,'我有一些理解这个概念的麻烦。我想比较两个xml文件。这些xml文件非常大。 我将举例说明我想要比较的文件类型。
xmlfile1:
<xml>
<property1>
<property2>
<property3>
</property3>
</property2>
</property1>
</xml>
xml file2:
<xml>
<property1>
<property2>
<property3>
<property4>
</property4>
</property3>
</property2>
</property1>
</xml>
我命名的property1,property2与文件中实际的属性不同。 xml文件中有很多属性。 我希望比较两个xml文件。
我正在使用lxml解析器来尝试比较这两个文件并打印出它们之间的区别。
我不知道如何解析它并自动进行比较。
我尝试通过lxml解析器阅读,但我无法理解如何将它用于我的问题。
有人可以告诉我该如何处理这个问题。
代码段非常有用
还有一个问题,我是否遵循了正确的概念,或者我错过了其他的东西?请纠正我所知道的任何新概念
答案 0 :(得分:6)
这实际上是一个相当具有挑战性的问题(由于“差异”意味着通常在这里的旁观者眼中,因为将存在您可能不希望标记为差异的语义“等效”信息。)< / p>
您可以尝试使用xmldiff,这是基于论文Change Detection in Hierarchically Structured Information中的工作。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
我解决问题的方法是将每个XML转换为xml.etree.ElementTree并迭代每个层。 我还包括在进行比较时忽略属性列表的功能。
第一个代码块包含使用的类:
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import logging
class XmlTree():
def __init__(self):
self.hdlr = logging.FileHandler('xml-comparison.log')
self.formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s')
@staticmethod
def convert_string_to_tree( xmlString):
return ET.fromstring(xmlString)
def xml_compare(self, x1, x2, excludes=[]):
"""
Compares two xml etrees
:param x1: the first tree
:param x2: the second tree
:param excludes: list of string of attributes to exclude from comparison
:return:
True if both files match
"""
if x1.tag != x2.tag:
self.logger.debug('Tags do not match: %s and %s' % (x1.tag, x2.tag))
return False
for name, value in x1.attrib.items():
if not name in excludes:
if x2.attrib.get(name) != value:
self.logger.debug('Attributes do not match: %s=%r, %s=%r'
% (name, value, name, x2.attrib.get(name)))
return False
for name in x2.attrib.keys():
if not name in excludes:
if name not in x1.attrib:
self.logger.debug('x2 has an attribute x1 is missing: %s'
% name)
return False
if not self.text_compare(x1.text, x2.text):
self.logger.debug('text: %r != %r' % (x1.text, x2.text))
return False
if not self.text_compare(x1.tail, x2.tail):
self.logger.debug('tail: %r != %r' % (x1.tail, x2.tail))
return False
cl1 = x1.getchildren()
cl2 = x2.getchildren()
if len(cl1) != len(cl2):
self.logger.debug('children length differs, %i != %i'
% (len(cl1), len(cl2)))
return False
i = 0
for c1, c2 in zip(cl1, cl2):
i += 1
if not c1.tag in excludes:
if not self.xml_compare(c1, c2, excludes):
self.logger.debug('children %i do not match: %s'
% (i, c1.tag))
return False
return True
def text_compare(self, t1, t2):
"""
Compare two text strings
:param t1: text one
:param t2: text two
:return:
True if a match
"""
if not t1 and not t2:
return True
if t1 == '*' or t2 == '*':
return True
return (t1 or '').strip() == (t2 or '').strip()
第二个代码块包含几个XML示例及其比较:
xml1 = "<note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>"
xml2 = "<note><to>Tove</to><from>Daniel</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>"
tree1 = XmlTree.convert_string_to_tree(xml1)
tree2 = XmlTree.convert_string_to_tree(xml2)
comparator = XmlTree()
if comparator.xml_compare(tree1, tree2, ["from"]):
print "XMLs match"
else:
print "XMLs don't match"
此代码的大部分功劳必须提供给syawar
答案 2 :(得分:1)
另一个使用xml.etree的脚本。它很糟糕,但它有效:)
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from termcolor import colored
tree1 = ET.parse(sys.argv[1])
root1 = tree1.getroot()
tree2 = ET.parse(sys.argv[2])
root2 = tree2.getroot()
class Element:
def __init__(self,e):
self.name = e.tag
self.subs = {}
self.atts = {}
for child in e:
self.subs[child.tag] = Element(child)
for att in e.attrib.keys():
self.atts[att] = e.attrib[att]
print "name: %s, len(subs) = %d, len(atts) = %d" % ( self.name, len(self.subs), len(self.atts) )
def compare(self,el):
if self.name!=el.name:
raise RuntimeError("Two names are not the same")
print "----------------------------------------------------------------"
print self.name
print "----------------------------------------------------------------"
for att in self.atts.keys():
v1 = self.atts[att]
if att not in el.atts.keys():
v2 = '[NA]'
color = 'yellow'
else:
v2 = el.atts[att]
if v2==v1:
color = 'green'
else:
color = 'red'
print colored("first:\t%s = %s" % ( att, v1 ), color)
print colored("second:\t%s = %s" % ( att, v2 ), color)
for subName in self.subs.keys():
if subName not in el.subs.keys():
print colored("first:\thas got %s" % ( subName), 'purple')
print colored("second:\thasn't got %s" % ( subName), 'purple')
else:
self.subs[subName].compare( el.subs[subName] )
e1 = Element(root1)
e2 = Element(root2)
e1.compare(e2)