我有一个我正在编译的程序：
(...) Some ifort *.f -c
nvcc -c src/bicgstab.cu -o bicgstab.o -I/home/ricardo/apps/cusp/cusplibrary
(...) Some more *.for -c
ifort *.o -L/usr/local/cuda-5.5/lib64 -lcudart -lcublas -lcusparse -lmkl_intel_lp64 -lmkl_intel_thread -lmkl_core -openmp -o program
一切正常，直到我添加CUSP支持，我有这个包装器（bicgstab.cu）：
#include <cusp/csr_matrix.h>
#include <cusp/krylov/bicgstab.h>
#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif
void bicgstab_(int * device_I, int * device_J, float * device_V, float * device_x, float * device_b, int N, int NNZ){
// *NOTE* raw pointers must be wrapped with thrust::device_ptr!
thrust::device_ptr<int> wrapped_device_I(device_I);
thrust::device_ptr<int> wrapped_device_J(device_J);
thrust::device_ptr<float> wrapped_device_V(device_V);
thrust::device_ptr<float> wrapped_device_x(device_x);
thrust::device_ptr<float> wrapped_device_b(device_b);
// use array1d_view to wrap the individual arrays
typedef typename cusp::array1d_view< thrust::device_ptr<int> > DeviceIndexArrayView;
typedef typename cusp::array1d_view< thrust::device_ptr<float> > DeviceValueArrayView;
DeviceIndexArrayView row_indices (wrapped_device_I, wrapped_device_I + (N+1));
DeviceIndexArrayView column_indices(wrapped_device_J, wrapped_device_J + NNZ);
DeviceValueArrayView values (wrapped_device_V, wrapped_device_V + NNZ);
DeviceValueArrayView x (wrapped_device_x, wrapped_device_x + N);
DeviceValueArrayView b (wrapped_device_b, wrapped_device_b + N);
// combine the three array1d_views into a csr_matrix_view
typedef cusp::csr_matrix_view<DeviceIndexArrayView,
DeviceIndexArrayView,
DeviceValueArrayView> DeviceView;
// construct a csr_matrix_view from the array1d_views
DeviceView A(N, N, NNZ, row_indices, column_indices, values);
// set stopping criteria:
// iteration_limit = 100
// relative_tolerance = 1e-5
cusp::verbose_monitor<float> monitor(b, 100, 1e-5);
// solve the linear system A * x = b with the Conjugate Gradient method
cusp::krylov::bicgstab(A, x, b, monitor);
}
#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif
Nvcc编译并生成对象，但在最后一个命令中，当我将所有错误链接起来时，由于链接出现了错误：
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __gxx_personality_v0
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVSt9exception
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVSt9bad_alloc
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZdlPv
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_guard_acquire
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSaIcEC1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsC1EPKcRKSaIcE
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_guard_release
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsD1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSaIcED1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_guard_abort
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsC1ERKSs
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt13runtime_errorD2Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_call_unexpected
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt13runtime_errorC2ERKSs
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsC1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSs5emptyEv
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSt13runtime_error4whatEv
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSsaSEPKc
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSspLEPKc
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSspLERKSs
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_begin_catch
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_end_catch
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSs5c_strEv
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNKSt9bad_alloc4whatEv
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt9bad_allocD2Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_allocate_exception
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_free_exception
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_throw
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt9exceptionD2Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZSt4cout
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEf
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEm
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZSt9terminatev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZStlsIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_St5_Setw
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSolsEPFRSt8ios_baseS0_E
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt9bad_allocD1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTISt9bad_alloc
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved __cxa_pure_virtual
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTISt9exception
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTISt13runtime_error
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
ipo: warning #11021: unresolved _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
Referenced in bicgstab.o
我相信它是因为ifort正在添加或删除下划线，添加更低/更高的情况或其他任何因为文件正在编译写入，如果我在我的程序外生成二进制文件，只是为了测试，它工作得很好。
非常感谢你！
答案 0 :(得分：2)
一种可能的选择可能是您尝试将cuda代码编译为共享库（.so）并链接到该库。它应该阻止intel编译器工具链尝试重新编译和优化nvcc / gcc生成的代码。我认为这将限制你进行单一文件优化＆＃34;。不知道这是否会对您的表现产生重大影响。
使用我的示例here，我将修改编译命令，如下所示：
$ nvcc -Xcompiler="-fPIC" -shared bicgstab.cu -o bicgstab.so -I/home-2/robertc/misc/cusp/cusplibrary-master
$ ifort -c -fast bic.f90
$ ifort bic.o bicgstab.so -L/shared/apps/cuda/CUDA-v6.0.37/lib64 -lcudart -o program
ipo: remark #11001: performing single-file optimizations
ipo: remark #11006: generating object file /tmp/ipo_ifortxEdpin.o
$
您没有指出在编译过程中添加-fast开关的位置。如果仅在ifort编译命令上，我相信上述方法将起作用。如果你也想要/需要它在链接命令，那么似乎ifort想要构建一个完全静态链接的可执行文件（并进行模块间优化...），这使用上述过程不会工作。