我是Spring框架的新手。我正在努力学习它。但我总是和Ioc一样有问题。我无法正确实现它。请帮忙。
我对@Autowiring课程有疑问。错误堆栈：
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader initWebApplicationContext
SEVERE: Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.sprhib.dao.UserDao com.sprhib.controller.UserController.userDao; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.sprhib.dao.UserDao] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1122)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:626)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4959)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5455)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:634)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:671)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1840)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.sprhib.dao.UserDao com.sprhib.controller.UserController.userDao; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.sprhib.dao.UserDao] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:514)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.sprhib.dao.UserDao] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:986)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:856)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:768)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486)
... 28 more
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.sprhib.dao.UserDao com.sprhib.controller.UserController.userDao; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.sprhib.dao.UserDao] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1122)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:461)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:626)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:389)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:294)
at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:112)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4959)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5455)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:634)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:671)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDescriptor.run(HostConfig.java:1840)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.sprhib.dao.UserDao com.sprhib.controller.UserController.userDao; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.sprhib.dao.UserDao] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:514)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)
... 26 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.sprhib.dao.UserDao] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:986)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:856)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:768)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486)
... 28 more
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Error listenerStart
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext startInternal
SEVERE: Context [/spr-mvc-hib] startup failed due to previous errors
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader clearReferencesJdbc
SEVERE: The web application [/spr-mvc-hib] registered the JDBC driver [com.mysql.jdbc.Driver] but failed to unregister it when the web application was stopped. To prevent a memory leak, the JDBC Driver has been forcibly unregistered.
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader clearReferencesThreads
SEVERE: The web application [/spr-mvc-hib] appears to have started a thread named [Abandoned connection cleanup thread] but has failed to stop it. This is very likely to create a memory leak.
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\spring_ide_64\vfabric-tc-server-developer-2.9.5.SR1\base-instance\webapps\manager
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig deployDirectory
INFO: Deploying web application directory C:\Program Files\spring_ide_64\vfabric-tc-server-developer-2.9.5.SR1\base-instance\webapps\ROOT
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
cze 27, 2014 12:03:56 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 3776 ms
我的应用程序基于com.sprhib应用程序教程。 你可以在这里找到它： http://fruzenshtein.com/spring-mvc-hibernate-maven-crud/
我的UserController类
package com.sprhib.controller;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.sprhib.dao.UserDao;
import com.sprhib.model.User;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView addUserPage() {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("add-user-form");
modelAndView.addObject("User", new User());
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView addingUser(@ModelAttribute User User) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("home");
userDao.addUser(User);
String message = "User was successfully added.";
modelAndView.addObject("message", message);
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/list")
public ModelAndView listOfUsers() {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("list-of-users");
List<User> Users = userDao.getUsers();
modelAndView.addObject("Users", Users);
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/edit/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView editUserPage(@PathVariable Integer id) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("edit-user-form");
User User = userDao.getUser(id);
modelAndView.addObject("User",User);
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/edit/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public ModelAndView edditingUser(@ModelAttribute User User, @PathVariable Integer id) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("home");
userDao.updateUser(User);
String message = "User was successfully edited.";
modelAndView.addObject("message", message);
return modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ModelAndView deleteUser(@PathVariable Integer id) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("home");
userDao.deleteUser(id);
String message = "User was successfully deleted.";
modelAndView.addObject("message", message);
return modelAndView;
}
}
我的用户模型类：
package com.sprhib.model;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.persistence.Transient;
@Entity
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue
Long id;
String email;
String lastName;
String firstName;
// @OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
// List<Address> address;
String password;
@Transient
String repeatPassword;
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
Date creationDate;
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
Date updateDate;
boolean active;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
// public List<Address> getAddress() {
// return address;
// }
// public void setAddress(List<Address> address) {
// this.address = address;
// }
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getRepeatPassword() {
return repeatPassword;
}
public void setRepeatPassword(String repeatPassword) {
this.repeatPassword = repeatPassword;
}
public Date getCreationDate() {
return creationDate;
}
public void setCreationDate(Date creationDate) {
this.creationDate = creationDate;
}
public Date getUpdateDate() {
return updateDate;
}
public void setUpdateDate(Date updateDate) {
this.updateDate = updateDate;
}
public boolean isActive() {
return active;
}
public void setActive(boolean active) {
this.active = active;
}
}
我的UserDao界面：
package com.sprhib.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.sprhib.model.User;
public interface UserDao {
public void addUser(User user);
public void updateUser(User user);
public void deleteUser(long id);
public User getUser(long id);
public List<User> getUsers();
}
我的UserDao接口实现类
package com.sprhib.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.sprhib.model.User;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Autowired
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session getCurrentSession() {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
@Override
public void addUser(User user) {
getCurrentSession().save(user);
}
@Override
public void updateUser(User user) {
User toUpdate = getUser(user.getId());
toUpdate.setLastName(user.getLastName());
toUpdate.setFirstName(user.getFirstName());
toUpdate.setEmail(user.getEmail());
getCurrentSession().update(toUpdate);
}
@Override
public User getUser(long id) {
User user = (User) getCurrentSession().get(User.class, id);
return user; }
@Override
public void deleteUser(long id) {
User user = getUser(id);
if (user != null)
getCurrentSession().delete(user);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public List<User> getUsers() {
return getCurrentSession().createQuery("from User").list();
}
}
web.xml文件为空，因为我使用JavaConfig类方法
我的配置是：
package com.sprhib.init;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
public class Initializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
ctx.register(WebAppConfig.class);
servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(ctx));
ctx.setServletContext(servletContext);
Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx));
servlet.addMapping("/");
servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
// Allow to use Put and Delete method for REST architecture
registerHiddenFieldFilter(servletContext);
}
private void registerHiddenFieldFilter(ServletContext aContext) {
aContext.addFilter("hiddenHttpMethodFilter", new HiddenHttpMethodFilter()).addMappingForUrlPatterns(null ,true, "/*");
}
}
和
package com.sprhib.init;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.sprhib")
@EnableWebMvc
@EnableTransactionManagement
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class WebAppConfig {
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER = "db.driver";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD = "db.password";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL = "db.url";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME = "db.username";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT = "hibernate.dialect";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL = "hibernate.show_sql";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_HBM2DDL_AUTO = "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN = "entitymanager.packages.to.scan";
@Resource
private Environment env;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER));
dataSource.setUrl(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL));
dataSource.setUsername(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME));
dataSource.setPassword(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD));
return dataSource;
}
@Bean
public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() {
LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
sessionFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN));
sessionFactoryBean.setHibernateProperties(hibProperties());
return sessionFactoryBean;
}
private Properties hibProperties() {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT));
properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL));
properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_HBM2DDL_AUTO, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_HBM2DDL_AUTO));
return properties;
}
@Bean
public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager() {
HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory().getObject());
return transactionManager;
}
@Bean
public UrlBasedViewResolver setupViewResolver() {
UrlBasedViewResolver resolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver();
resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/pages/");
resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
return resolver;
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：3)
您的道歉中缺少@Repository注释
答案 1 :(得分：1)
您需要为接口的实现类添加注释。
在您的情况下，@Repository或@Component会没问题。它就像bean但与@Bean不同。
阅读此问题，了解差异@Component versus @Bean
请阅读@Component：@Component and further stereotype annotations