Question

我正在努力让我的Ontology中的个人拥有某种属性。我希望所有通过hasFoot属性链接到脚的个人。在过去我使用过Jena的迭代器，但现在我想使用SPARQL。创建我的查询的Java代码：

String queryString =        
                "PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>"+
                "PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>" +
                "PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>" +
                "PREFIX test: <file:/test#>"+
                "select ?uri"+
                "where { "+
                "?uri test:hasFoot ?foot"+
                "} \n ";

但我对此查询没有任何结果。当我查询所有三元组的属性时，我得到了这些结果：

"select ?prop "+
"where { "+
"?uri ?prop ?subj"+
"} \n ";

 <file:/test#hasFoot> 
 <file:/test#hasFoot> 
 <file:/test#hasFoot> 
 <file:/test#hasFoot> 
 <file:/test#hasAge>  
 <file:/test#hasName>

所以SPARQL查询显然正在运行。我甚至可以搜索rdf：types，所以rdf名称空间有效，只有我的命名空间（test）似乎不起作用。我也尝试写出整个属性名称（“file：/ test＃hasFoot”）没有结果。有没有人知道我错过了什么？

这是我的本体论：

<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:test="file:/test#"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >

  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot2">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Peter">
    <test:hasHand rdf:resource="file:/test#Hand2"/>
    <test:hasHand rdf:resource="file:/test#Hand1"/>
    <test:hasFoot rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot6"/>
    <test:hasFoot rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot5"/>
    <test:hasName>Peter</test:hasName>
    <test:hasAge>98</test:hasAge>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Individuum"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#hasName">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot1">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot3">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Hand">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#hasAge">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Human">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#hasFoot">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Doggy">
    <test:hasFoot rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot4"/>
    <test:hasFoot rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot3"/>
    <test:hasFoot rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot2"/>
    <test:hasFoot rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot1"/>
    <test:hasAge>7</test:hasAge>
    <test:hasName>Doggy</test:hasName>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Individuum"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Hand2">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Hand"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot6">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#hasHand">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Individuum">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot5">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Hand1">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Hand"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="file:/test#Foot4">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="file:/test#Foot"/>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

Answer 1

这种情况发生的原因并不明显，但是关注您对命名空间的选择不当：file:/test#。

file: URI非常难以理解，通常执行得很差。特别是它们应该为本地文件启动file://hostname/或（更常见）file:///。

Jena的查询引擎尝试纠正此问题，但显然数据尚未已得到纠正。我们可以使用arq命令行工具看到这一点：

$ arq --data data.rdf --query query.rq --explain
...
15:12:43 INFO  exec                 :: ALGEBRA
  (project (?uri)
    (bgp (triple ?uri <file:///test#hasFoot> ?foot)))

（请注意<file:///test#hasFoot>）

更改数据和查询中的命名空间可以解决问题。

我建议避免使用file: URI。如果您只是尝试尝试http://example.com/ns#或类似的。

Answer 2

您的自定义方案缺少权限，并且不是有效的IRI。

您可以使用jena中存在的IRIFactory类型之一来测试您使用的IRI。例如，如果我通过以下方式运行您的一个IRI：

@Test
public void correctUri() {
   final IRIFactory factory = IRIFactory.iriImplementation();
   final IRI iri = factory.construct("file:/test#johnsFoot");
}

我收到以下异常，表明缺少IRI的权限部分，因此它不是IRI：

org.apache.jena.iri.impl.IRIImplException: <file:/test#johnsFoot> Code: 57/REQUIRED_COMPONENT_MISSING in AUTHORITY: A component that is required by the scheme is missing.
    at org.apache.jena.iri.impl.AbsIRIFactoryImpl.throwAnyErrors(AbsIRIFactoryImpl.java:65)
    at org.apache.jena.iri.impl.AbsIRIFactoryImpl.construct(AbsIRIFactoryImpl.java:48)
    at SO_Test.correctUri(SO_Test.java:87)

更新您的本体以使用file://test#而不是file:/test#并运行以下查询：

@Test
public void getAllProperties2() {
    final Query query = QueryFactory.create(
        "PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>"+
        "PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>" +
        "PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>" +
        "PREFIX test: <file://test#>"+
        "select * "+
        "where { "+
        "?uri ?prop ?subj"+
        "} \n "
    );

    final QueryExecution exec = QueryExecutionFactory.create(query, model1);
    final ResultSetRewindable results = ResultSetFactory.copyResults(exec.execSelect());
    exec.close();

    ResultSetFormatter.out(System.out, results, query);
    results.reset();
}

获得您期望的输出结果。最值得注意的是，您要查看的前缀与您的元素相关联。输出如下：

---------------------------------------------------------
| uri             | prop         | subj                 |
=========================================================
| test:Hand       | rdf:type     | owl:Class            |
| test:Foot3      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Foot3      | rdf:type     | test:Foot            |
| test:Human      | rdf:type     | owl:Class            |
| <file://test>   | rdf:type     | owl:Ontology         |
| test:Hand2      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Hand2      | rdf:type     | test:Hand            |
| test:Individuum | rdf:type     | owl:Class            |
| test:hasName    | rdf:type     | owl:DatatypeProperty |
| test:Foot2      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Foot2      | rdf:type     | test:Foot            |
| test:Hand1      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Hand1      | rdf:type     | test:Hand            |
| test:Foot1      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Foot1      | rdf:type     | test:Foot            |
| test:hasAge     | rdf:type     | owl:DatatypeProperty |
| test:hasFoot    | rdf:type     | owl:ObjectProperty   |
| test:hasHand    | rdf:type     | owl:ObjectProperty   |
| test:Peter      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Peter      | rdf:type     | test:Individuum      |
| test:Peter      | test:hasAge  | "98"                 |
| test:Peter      | test:hasName | "Peter"              |
| test:Peter      | test:hasFoot | test:Foot5           |
| test:Peter      | test:hasFoot | test:Foot6           |
| test:Peter      | test:hasHand | test:Hand1           |
| test:Peter      | test:hasHand | test:Hand2           |
| test:Foot6      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Foot6      | rdf:type     | test:Foot            |
| test:Foot5      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Foot5      | rdf:type     | test:Foot            |
| test:Doggy      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Doggy      | rdf:type     | test:Individuum      |
| test:Doggy      | test:hasName | "Doggy"              |
| test:Doggy      | test:hasAge  | "7"                  |
| test:Doggy      | test:hasFoot | test:Foot1           |
| test:Doggy      | test:hasFoot | test:Foot2           |
| test:Doggy      | test:hasFoot | test:Foot3           |
| test:Doggy      | test:hasFoot | test:Foot4           |
| test:Foot4      | rdf:type     | owl:NamedIndividual  |
| test:Foot4      | rdf:type     | test:Foot            |
| test:Foot       | rdf:type     | owl:Class            |
---------------------------------------------------------

使用以前的数据，以下查询会产生不同的结果：

@Test
public void getAllProperties() {
    final Query query = QueryFactory.create(
        "PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>"+
        "PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>" +
        "PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>" +
        "PREFIX test: <file:/test#>"+
        "select * "+
        "where { "+
        "?uri ?prop ?subj"+
        "} \n "
    );

    final QueryExecution exec = QueryExecutionFactory.create(query, model0);
    final ResultSetRewindable results = ResultSetFactory.copyResults(exec.execSelect());
    exec.close();

    ResultSetFormatter.out(System.out, results, query);
    results.reset();
}

结果：

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| uri                     | prop                 | subj                    |
============================================================================
| <file:/test#Hand>       | rdf:type             | owl:Class               |
| <file:/test#Foot1>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Foot1>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Foot>       |
| <file:/test#hasFoot>    | rdf:type             | owl:ObjectProperty      |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Individuum> |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | <file:/test#hasName> | "Doggy"                 |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | <file:/test#hasAge>  | "7"                     |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | <file:/test#hasFoot> | <file:/test#Foot1>      |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | <file:/test#hasFoot> | <file:/test#Foot2>      |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | <file:/test#hasFoot> | <file:/test#Foot3>      |
| <file:/test#Doggy>      | <file:/test#hasFoot> | <file:/test#Foot4>      |
| <file:/test#Foot6>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Foot6>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Foot>       |
| <file:/test#hasHand>    | rdf:type             | owl:ObjectProperty      |
| <file:/test#hasName>    | rdf:type             | owl:DatatypeProperty    |
| <file:/test>            | rdf:type             | owl:Ontology            |
| <file:/test#Foot5>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Foot5>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Foot>       |
| <file:/test#Human>      | rdf:type             | owl:Class               |
| <file:/test#Hand2>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Hand2>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Hand>       |
| <file:/test#Foot4>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Foot4>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Foot>       |
| <file:/test#hasAge>     | rdf:type             | owl:DatatypeProperty    |
| <file:/test#Hand1>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Hand1>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Hand>       |
| <file:/test#Foot3>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Foot3>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Foot>       |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Individuum> |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | <file:/test#hasAge>  | "98"                    |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | <file:/test#hasName> | "Peter"                 |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | <file:/test#hasFoot> | <file:/test#Foot5>      |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | <file:/test#hasFoot> | <file:/test#Foot6>      |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | <file:/test#hasHand> | <file:/test#Hand1>      |
| <file:/test#Peter>      | <file:/test#hasHand> | <file:/test#Hand2>      |
| <file:/test#Foot2>      | rdf:type             | owl:NamedIndividual     |
| <file:/test#Foot2>      | rdf:type             | <file:/test#Foot>       |
| <file:/test#Foot>       | rdf:type             | owl:Class               |
| <file:/test#Individuum> | rdf:type             | owl:Class               |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

似乎jena并没有在无效的IRI上强制执行qname / prefix标准。

使用<file：test＃=“”>前缀？</file：>时，Jena中的SPARQL查询缺少结果

2 个答案: