Question

我需要对列表中的最后一个元素进行一些特殊操作。还有比这更好的方法吗？

array = [1,2,3,4,5] 
for i, val in enumerate(array): 
  if (i+1) == len(array): 
    // Process for the last element 
  else: 
    // Process for the other element

Answer 1

for item in list[:-1]:
    print "Not last: ", item
print "Last: ", list[-1]

如果您不想复制列表，可以创建一个简单的生成器：

# itr is short for "iterable" and can be any sequence, iterator, or generator

def notlast(itr):
    itr = iter(itr)  # ensure we have an iterator
    prev = itr.next()
    for item in itr:
        yield prev
        prev = item

# lst is short for "list" and does not shadow the built-in list()
# 'L' is also commonly used for a random list name
lst = range(4)
for x in notlast(lst):
    print "Not last: ", x
print "Last: ", lst[-1]

notlast的另一个定义：

import itertools
notlast = lambda lst:itertools.islice(lst, 0, len(lst)-1)

Answer 2

如果您的序列不是非常长，那么您可以将其切片：

for val in array[:-1]:
  do_something(val)
else:
  do_something_else(array[-1])

Answer 3

使用itertools

>>> from itertools import repeat, chain,izip
>>> for val,special in izip(array, chain(repeat(False,len(array)-1),[True])):
...     print val, special
... 
1 False
2 False
3 False
4 False
5 True

liori对任何可迭代的工作答案的版本（不需要len()或切片）

def last_flagged(seq):
    seq = iter(seq)
    a = next(seq)
    for b in seq:
        yield a, False
        a = b
    yield a, True        

mylist = [1,2,3,4,5]
for item,is_last in last_flagged(mylist):
    if is_last:
        print "Last: ", item
    else:
        print "Not last: ", item

Answer 4

如果您的逻辑从未break退出循环，那么 for...else 构造可能会起作用：

In [1]: count = 0
   ...: for i in [1, 2, 3]:
   ...:     count +=1
   ...:     print("any item:", i)
   ...: else:
   ...:     if count:
   ...:         print("last item: ", i)
   ...:
any item: 1
any item: 2
any item: 3
last item:  3

您需要 count 变量以防可迭代对象为空，否则将不会定义变量 i。

Answer 5

使用if条件的简单方法：

for item in list:
    print "Not last: ", item
    if list.index(item) == len(list)-1:
        print "Last: ", item

Answer 6

for i in items:
  if i == items[-1]:
    print 'The last item is: '+i

如何在Python中以不同方式处理列表中的最后一个元素？

6 个答案: