尝试使用函数中定义的数据框名称时发生意外的NameError

时间:2014-06-15 15:56:10

标签: python python-2.7 pandas

有人可以解释为什么以下代码会生成NameError吗?

def nonull(df, col, name):
    name = df[pd.notnull(df[col])]
    print name[col].count(), df[col].count()
    return name

nonull(sve, 'DOC_mg/L', 'sveDOC')
sveDOC.count()

NameError: name 'sveDOC' is not defined

711 711

dataframe似乎是在print语句有效的情况下创建的,所以当我尝试使用sveDOCname时,我不明白为什么在函数内部)它会产生错误。

以下是我在该功能中要做的一个例子:

import pandas as pd

d = {'one' : pd.Series([1., 1., 1., 1.], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']), 
     'two' : pd.Series([1., 2., 3., 4.], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])}
pd.DataFrame(d)
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df1 = df
df = df * 2
print df.head(), df1.head()

one  two
a    2    2
b    2    4
c    2    6
d    2    8    
one  two
a    1    1
b    1    2
c    1    3
d    1    4

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

Python名称​​不会按照您的想法运作。这是您的代码实际执行的操作:

def nonull(df, col, name):
    name = df # rebind the name 'name' to the object referenced by 'df'
    name = df[pd.notnull(name[col])] # rebind the name 'name' again 
    print name[col].count(), df[col].count()
    return name # return the instance

nonull(sve, 'DOC_mg/L', 'sveDOC') # call the function and ignore the return value

该函数实际上从不使用'sveDOC'参数。这是你应该做的事情:

def nonull(df, col):
    name = df[pd.notnull(df[col])]
    print name[col].count(), df[col].count()
    return name

sveDOC = nonull(sve, 'DOC_mg/L')
sveDOC.count()

您对Python使用名称和引用的概念是完全错误的。

pd.DataFrame(d) # creates a new DataFrame but doesn't do anything with it
                # (what was the point of this line?)
df = pd.DataFrame(d) # assigns a second new DataFrame to the name 'df'
df1 = df # assigns the name `df1` to the same object that 'df' refers to
         # - note that this does *not* create a copy
df = df * 2 # create a new DataFrame based on the one referenced by 'df' 
            # (and 'df1'!)and assign to the name 'df'

为了证明这一点:

df1 = pd.DataFrame(d)

df2 = df1

df1 is df2
Out[5]: True # still the same object

df2 = df2 * 2

df1 is df2
Out[7]: False # now different

如果您要创建DataFrame的副本,请明确这样做:

df2 = copy(df1)

您可以在nonull之外执行此操作并传递副本,也可以在nonullreturn修改后的副本中执行此操作。