如何通过Sparql Query在Jena中进行推理

时间：2014-06-10 08:43:37

标签： rdf sparql jena owl ontology

我使用Jena和Sparql查询本体文件。

我有

  1. class带有两个子类的标签：C ++和Java。
  2. class具有多个子类的主题，代表特定的大学科目：＆＃34; C ++编程＆＃34;，＆＃34;系统编程＆＃34;，＆＃34; Java编程＆＃34;等
  3. ObjectProperty＆＃34; hasTags＆＃34;域：主题范围：标记。每个课程科目都有一些标签，如＆＃34; Java＆＃34;，＆＃34; C ++＆＃34;

    4. 执行查询时

    SELECT ?subject
WHERE
{  ?subject owl:equivalentClass ?restriction .
   ?restriction owl:onProperty ont:hasTags .
   ?restriction ?restrictType ont:Java
}

    代表接收所有带标签的主题＆＃34; Java＆＃34;我成功了。

    因此，目标是接收标记为＆＃34; Java＆＃34;和＆＃34; C ++＆＃34;，通过查询＆＃34; Tag＆＃34;，像这样：

    SELECT ?subject
WHERE
{  ?subject owl:equivalentClass ?restriction .
   ?restriction owl:onProperty ont:hasTags .
   ?restriction ?restrictType ont:Tag
}

    我认为这个查询将返回标记为＆＃34; Java＆＃34;的所有实体。或＆＃34; C ++＆＃34;，但它什么都不返回。

    我希望收到带有标签的对象＆＃34; Java＆＃34;或＆＃34; C ++＆＃34;，只写＆＃34;标记＆＃34;在查询中。我需要做些什么来实现这一点，Jena API是否可以实现？

    UPD：这是我的RDF / XML语法本体文件。

       <?xml version="1.0"?>


<!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
    <!ENTITY owl "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
    <!ENTITY xsd "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdfs "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" >
    <!ENTITY rdf "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" >
]>


<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#"
     xml:base="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11"
     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11">
        <rdfs:label>University subjects ontology
</rdfs:label>
    </owl:Ontology>

    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Object Properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->


    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#hasTags -->

    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#hasTags">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="&owl;TransitiveProperty"/>
        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Subject"/>
        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Tag"/>
    </owl:ObjectProperty>



    <!-- 
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Classes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     -->




    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++ -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Programming"/>
    </owl:Class>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++_programming -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++_programming">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#hasTags"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Subject"/>
    </owl:Class>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Java -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Java">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Programming"/>
    </owl:Class>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Java_programming -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Java_programming">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#hasTags"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Java"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Subject"/>
    </owl:Class>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Programming -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Programming">
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Tag"/>
    </owl:Class>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Subject -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Subject"/>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#System_Programming -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#System_Programming">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#hasTags"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Java"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#hasTags"/>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Subject"/>
    </owl:Class>



    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Tag -->

    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#Tag"/>
</rdf:RDF>



<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 3.4.2) http://owlapi.sourceforge.net -->

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：1)

您需要询问Tag的子类。因此，像

?class rdfs:subClassOf* :Tag

*表示你需要匹配一个0或更多次出现的rdfs：subClassOf的路径，所以？class可以是Tag，Tag的子类，或者Tag的子类的子类，等等。一个完整的工作查询将是：

prefix :      <http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#> 
prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> 
prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> 

select distinct ?subject where {
   ?subject owl:equivalentClass ?restriction .
   ?restriction owl:onProperty :hasTags .
   ?restriction ?restrictType ?class .
   ?class rdfs:subClassOf* :Tag 
}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| subject                                                                                 |
===========================================================================================
| :Java_programming                                                                       |
| <http://www.semanticweb.org/man/ontologies/2014/5/untitled-ontology-11#C++_programming> |
| :System_Programming                                                                     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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