我使用Tkinter创建GUI，用于从用户收集信息。我需要验证：
这是我的代码：
from tkinter import *
import datetime
class tkwindow:
def __init__(self):
window = Tk() # Create window
window.title("Contact Form") # Give window a title
menubar = Menu(window) # Create menu bar
window.config(menu = menubar) # Display menu bar
'''Using the pulldown menu allows easier access to the menu items instead of using a pop-up menu '''
# Create pulldown menu and add to menu bar
messagesMenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff = 0)
menubar.add_cascade(label = "Messages", menu = messagesMenu)
messagesMenu.add_command(label = "Send a Birthday Greeting", command = self.bdayGreeting)
messagesMenu.add_command(label = "Print Address", command = self.printAddress)
# Create another menu option
endMenu = Menu(menubar, tearoff = 0)
menubar.add_cascade(label = "End", menu = endMenu)
endMenu.add_command(label = "Reset Form", command = self.resetForm)
endMenu.add_command(label = "Exit Program", command = window.quit)
# Using Label widget
labelFirst = Label(window, text = "First Name: ").grid(row = 1, column = 1, sticky = E)
labelLast = Label(window, text = "Last Name: ").grid(row = 2, column = 1, sticky = E)
labelAddress = Label(window, text = "Address: ").grid(row = 3, column = 1, sticky = E)
labelPhone = Label(window, text = "Phone Number (8005551234): ").grid(row = 4, column = 1, sticky = E)
labelBday = Label(window, text = "Birthday (MM/DD/YYYY): ").grid(row = 5, column = 1, sticky = E)
labelEmail = Label(window, text = "Email Address (user@domain.com): ").grid(row = 6, column = 1, sticky = E)
# Using Entry widget
self.firstName = StringVar()
entryFirst = Entry(window, textvariable = self.firstName, justify = LEFT).grid(row = 1, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.lastName = StringVar()
entryLast = Entry(window, textvariable = self.lastName, justify = LEFT).grid(row = 2, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.address = StringVar()
entryAddress = Entry(window, textvariable = self.address, justify = LEFT).grid(row = 3, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.phone = StringVar()
entryPhone = Entry(window, textvariable = self.phone, justify = LEFT).grid(row = 4, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.bday = StringVar()
entryBday = Entry(window, textvariable = self.bday, justify = LEFT).grid(row = 5, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.email = StringVar()
entryEmail = Entry(window, textvariable = self.email, justify = LEFT).grid(row = 6, column = 2, sticky = W)
self.errorLblFirst = Label(window, fg = "red")
self.errorLblFirst.grid(row = 1, column = 3)
self.errorLblLast = Label(window, fg = "red")
self.errorLblLast.grid(row = 2, column = 3)
self.errorLblAddress = Label(window, fg = "red")
self.errorLblAddress.grid(row = 3, column = 3)
self.errorLblPhone = Label(window, fg = "red")
self.errorLblPhone.grid(row = 4, column = 3)
self.errorLblBday = Label(window, fg = "red")
self.errorLblBday.grid(row = 5, column = 3)
self.errorLblEmail = Label(window, fg = "red")
self.errorLblEmail.grid(row = 6, column = 3)
# Using Button widget
buttonSubmit = Button(window, text = "Submit", command = self.submit).grid(row = 7, column = 2, sticky = E)
window.mainloop()
def resetForm(self):
self.firstName.set('')
self.errorLblFirst["text"] = ''
self.lastName.set('')
self.errorLblLast["text"] = ''
self.address.set('')
self.errorLblAddress["text"] = ''
self.phone.set('')
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = ''
self.bday.set('')
self.errorLblBday["text"] = ''
self.email.set('')
self.errorLblEmail["text"] = ''
def validFirst(self):
for letter in self.firstName.get():
if not letter.isalpha() and letter not in "'-":
self.errorLblFirst["text"] = " * Letters, apostrophes('), and hypens(-) only"
return False
return True
def validLast(self):
for letter in self.lastName.get():
if not letter.isalpha() and letter not in "'-":
self.errorLblLast["text"] = " * Letters, apostrophes('), and hypens(-) only"
return False
return True
def validAddress(self):
for letter in self.address.get():
if not letter.isalnum() and letter not in "'- .,":
self.errorLblAddress["text"] = " * No special characters"
return False
return True
def validPhone(self):
D = 0
for number in self.phone.get():
if number.isdigit():
D += 1
if D == 10:
return True
else:
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = " * Must be 10-digit phone number without spaces"
return False
return True
def validBday(self):
'''try:
valid_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(str(self.bday), '%m/%d/%Y')
except ValueError:
print('Invalid date!')'''
return True
def validEmail(self):
for letter in self.email.get():
if not letter.isalnum() and letter not in "@.":
self.errorLblEmail["text"] = " * Must have @ and ."
return False
return True
def bdayGreeting(self):
if self.validBday() and self.validFirst() == True:
print("Happy Birthday" + self.firstName.get() + "\n" + self.bday.get())
def printAddress(self):
if self.validFirst() and self.validLast() and self.validAddress() == True:
print(self.firstName.get() + " " + self.lastName.get() + "\n" + self.address.get())
def submit(self):
self.validFirst()
self.validLast()
self.validAddress()
self.validPhone()
self.validBday()
self.validEmail()
tkwindow()
我有几个问题。
NameError: name "asdf" is not defined，SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing和TypeError: 'int' object is not subscriptable，而我仍然坚持使用validFirst（自我）。errorLblFirst = Label(window, text = " ", fg = "red").grid(row = 1, column = 3)。当该条目的验证失败时，是否可以将其设置为" * Invalid Entry", fg = "red"？是否有其他方法可以显示错误消息？提前感谢您的投入！
编辑：我更新到我的最新代码。如果您可以查看，大多数验证现在都可以使用validBday和validEmail除外。
答案 0 :(得分：3)
errorLblFirst = Label(...).grid(...)
这样您可以将grid()的结果分配给errorLblFirst，但grid()始终返回None
总是这样做
errorLblFirst = Label(...)
errorLblFirst.grid(...)
现在你可以做（例如）
errorLblFirst["text"] = " * Invalid Entry"
errorLblFirst["fg"] = "red"
修改
您忘记了len() for i in range(first):中的validFirst()
而且你不需要eval()。
（你在validPhone()）
F = 0
fName = True
first = self.firstName.get() # without eval()
for i in range(len(first)): # len()
if first[i].isdigit():
F += 1
if F > 0:
return False
else:
return fName
return fName
但你可以做得更短
for letter in self.firstName.get():
if letter.isdigit():
return False
return True
如果你只需要字母（没有空格，逗号等），你可以这样做
return self.firstName.get().isalpha()
修改
我看到First Name可以有撇号和破折号
for letter in self.firstName.get():
if not letter.isalpha() and letter not in "'-":
return False
return True
编辑问题self.phone和StringVar
self.phone为StringVar() - 不是string
但是StringVar()有.get()来获取string
for number in range(len( self.phone.get() )):
顺便说一句：你可以for循环更多pythonic - 没有range(len())
for char in self.phone.get():
if char.isdigit():
编辑问题validEmail()和validBday()
电子邮件验证需要更多if。
例如，您可以添加
email = self.email.get()
if '@' not in email and '.' not in email::
print( 'email needs @ and . at the same time')
但是＆＃39;。@＆＃39;将通过此测试：/
真正的电子邮件验证更复杂。
查看有效的电子邮件示例：https://fightingforalostcause.net/content/misc/2006/compare-email-regex.php
self.bday为StringVar - 使用self.bday.get()代替str(self.bday)
修改
def validPhone(self):
D = 0
for number in self.phone.get():
if number.isdigit():
D += 1
# outside
if D == 10:
return True
else:
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = " * Must be 10-digit phone number without spaces"
return False
return True
甚至
def validPhone(self):
# remove previous error message
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = ""
D = 0
for number in self.phone.get():
if number.isdigit():
D += 1
if D != 10:
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = " * Must be 10-digit phone number without spaces"
return False
return True
如果数字只能有10位数字（没有空格，没有 - 等）：
def validPhone(self):
# remove previous error message
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = ""
D = True
for number in self.phone.get():
if not number.isdigit():
D = False
break
if not D or len(number) != 10:
self.errorLblPhone["text"] = " * Must be 10-digit phone number without spaces"
return False
return True