dispatch_after - Swift中的GCD?

时间:2014-06-04 10:05:20

标签: ios swift grand-central-dispatch

我已经浏览了Apple的iBook,但找不到任何定义:

有人可以解释dispatch_after的结构吗?

dispatch_after(<#when: dispatch_time_t#>, <#queue: dispatch_queue_t?#>, <#block: dispatch_block_t?#>)

26 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1078)

我经常使用dispatch_after我写了一个顶级实用程序函数来使语法更简单:

func delay(delay:Double, closure:()->()) {
    dispatch_after(
        dispatch_time(
            DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,
            Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC))
        ),
        dispatch_get_main_queue(), closure)
}

现在你可以这样说:

delay(0.4) {
    // do stuff
}
哇,这是一种可以改善语言的语言。什么可能更好?


更新Swift 3,Xcode 8 Seed 6

似乎几乎不值得打扰,因为他们已经改进了调用语法:

func delay(_ delay:Double, closure:@escaping ()->()) {
    let when = DispatchTime.now() + delay
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: when, execute: closure)
}

答案 1 :(得分:711)

更清楚地了解结构:

dispatch_after(when: dispatch_time_t, queue: dispatch_queue_t, block: dispatch_block_t?)

dispatch_time_tUInt64dispatch_queue_t实际上是NSObject的别名,但您应该使用熟悉的GCD方法来获取队列。该块是一个Swift闭包。具体而言,dispatch_block_t定义为() -> Void,相当于() -> ()

使用示例:

let delayTime = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(1 * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
dispatch_after(delayTime, dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
    print("test")
}

修改

我建议使用@matt's really nice delay function

编辑2:

在Swift 3中,GCD会有新的包装器。见这里:https://github.com/apple/swift-evolution/blob/master/proposals/0088-libdispatch-for-swift3.md

原始示例将在Swift 3中编写如下:

let deadlineTime = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(1)
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: deadlineTime) {
    print("test")
}

请注意,您可以将deadlineTime声明写为DispatchTime.now() + 1.0并获得相同的结果,因为+运算符被覆盖如下(类似于-):

  • func +(time: DispatchTime, seconds: Double) -> DispatchTime
  • func +(time: DispatchWalltime, interval: DispatchTimeInterval) -> DispatchWalltime

这意味着如果您不使用DispatchTimeInterval enum并只写一个数字,则假定您正在使用秒。

答案 2 :(得分:103)

为了扩展Cezary的答案,该答案将在1纳秒后执行,我必须在4秒半后执行以下操作。

let delay = 4.5 * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)
let time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay))
dispatch_after(time, dispatch_get_main_queue(), block)

编辑:我发现我的原始代码有些错误。如果不将NSEC_PER_SEC转换为Double,则隐式类型会导致编译错误。

如果有人能提出更优化的解决方案,我会热衷于听到它。

== Swift 3的更新==

这在Swift 3中非常简单和优雅:

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 4.5) {
    // ...
}

答案 3 :(得分:84)

matt's syntax非常好,如果您需要使块无效,您可能想要使用它:

typealias dispatch_cancelable_closure = (cancel : Bool) -> Void

func delay(time:NSTimeInterval, closure:()->Void) ->  dispatch_cancelable_closure? {

    func dispatch_later(clsr:()->Void) {
        dispatch_after(
            dispatch_time(
                DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,
                Int64(time * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC))
            ),
            dispatch_get_main_queue(), clsr)
    }

    var closure:dispatch_block_t? = closure
    var cancelableClosure:dispatch_cancelable_closure?

    let delayedClosure:dispatch_cancelable_closure = { cancel in
        if closure != nil {
            if (cancel == false) {
                dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), closure!);
            }
        }
        closure = nil
        cancelableClosure = nil
    }

    cancelableClosure = delayedClosure

    dispatch_later {
        if let delayedClosure = cancelableClosure {
            delayedClosure(cancel: false)
        }
    }

    return cancelableClosure;
}

func cancel_delay(closure:dispatch_cancelable_closure?) {

    if closure != nil {
        closure!(cancel: true)
    }
}

使用方法如下

let retVal = delay(2.0) {
    println("Later")
}
delay(1.0) {
    cancel_delay(retVal)
}

credits

上面的链接似乎已经失效。 Original Objc code from Github

答案 4 :(得分:22)

Apple为 Objective-C 提供 dispatch_after代码段

dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(<#delayInSeconds#> * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    <#code to be executed after a specified delay#>
});

以下是移植到 Swift 3的相同代码段:

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + <#delayInSeconds#>) {
  <#code to be executed after a specified delay#>
}

答案 5 :(得分:22)

Swift 3.0中最简单的解决方案Swift 4.0&amp; Swift 5.0

func delayWithSeconds(_ seconds: Double, completion: @escaping () -> ()) {
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + seconds) { 
        completion()
    }
}

用法

delayWithSeconds(1) {
   //Do something
}

答案 6 :(得分:14)

另一种方法是像这样扩展Double:

extension Double {
   var dispatchTime: dispatch_time_t {
       get {
           return dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,Int64(self * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
       }
   }
}

然后你可以像这样使用它:

dispatch_after(Double(2.0).dispatchTime, dispatch_get_main_queue(), { () -> Void in
            self.dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
    })

我喜欢哑光的延迟功能,但仅仅是出于偏好,我宁愿限制传递闭合。

答案 7 :(得分:8)

在Swift 3.0中

派遣队列

  DispatchQueue(label: "test").async {
        //long running Background Task
        for obj in 0...1000 {
            print("async \(obj)")
        }

        // UI update in main queue
        DispatchQueue.main.async(execute: { 
            print("UI update on main queue")
        })

    }

    DispatchQueue(label: "m").sync {
        //long running Background Task
        for obj in 0...1000 {
            print("sync \(obj)")
        }

        // UI update in main queue
        DispatchQueue.main.sync(execute: {
            print("UI update on main queue")
        })
    }

5秒后发货

    DispatchQueue.main.after(when: DispatchTime.now() + 5) {
        print("Dispatch after 5 sec")
    }

答案 8 :(得分:4)

1)将此方法添加为UIViewController Extension的一部分。

extension UIViewController{
func runAfterDelay(delay: NSTimeInterval, block: dispatch_block_t) {
        let time = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
        dispatch_after(time, dispatch_get_main_queue(), block)
    }
}

在VC上调用此方法:

    self.runAfterDelay(5.0, block: {
     //Add code to this block
        print("run After Delay Success")
    })

2)

performSelector("yourMethod Name", withObject: nil, afterDelay: 1)

3)

override func viewWillAppear(animated: Bool) {

dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 2), dispatch_get_main_queue(), { () -> () in
    //Code Here
})

// Compact Form

dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, 2), dispatch_get_main_queue()) {
    //Code here
 }
}

答案 9 :(得分:4)

Swift 3.0版本

关闭函数后,在主线程延迟后执行一些任务。

func performAfterDelay(delay : Double, onCompletion: @escaping() -> Void){

    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + delay, execute: {
       onCompletion()
    })
}

将此功能称为:

performAfterDelay(delay: 4.0) {
  print("test")
}

答案 10 :(得分:3)

虽然不是OP的原始问题,但某些NSTimer相关问题已被标记为此问题的重复,因此值得在此处添加NSTimer答案。

NSTimer vs dispatch_after

  • NSTimer级别更高,dispatch_after级别更低。
  • NSTimer更容易取消。取消dispatch_after需要撰写more code

使用NSTimer

延迟任务

创建NSTimer个实例。

var timer = NSTimer()

使用您需要的延迟启动计时器。

// invalidate the timer if there is any chance that it could have been called before
timer.invalidate()
// delay of 2 seconds
timer = NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2.0, target: self, selector: #selector(delayedAction), userInfo: nil, repeats: false) 

添加一个在延迟后调用的函数(使用上面用于selector参数的任何名称)。

func delayedAction() {
    print("Delayed action has now started."
}

注释

  • 如果您需要在操作发生之前取消操作,只需致电timer.invalidate()
  • 对于重复操作,请使用repeats: true
  • 如果您有一次性事件而无需取消,则无需创建timer实例变量。以下就足够了:

    NSTimer.scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval(2.0, target: self, selector: #selector(delayedAction), userInfo: nil, repeats: false) 
    
  • 请参阅我的更全面的答案here

答案 11 :(得分:2)

Swift 3&amp; 4:

您可以在DispatchQueue上创建扩展并添加在内部使用DispatchQueue asyncAfter函数的函数延迟

extension DispatchQueue {
    static func delay(_ delay: DispatchTimeInterval, closure: @escaping () -> ()) {
        let timeInterval = DispatchTime.now() + delay
        DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: timeInterval, execute: closure)
    }
}

使用:

DispatchQueue.delay(.seconds(1)) {
    print("This is after delay")
}

答案 12 :(得分:2)

对于多种功能,请使用此功能。这对于将动画或Activity loader用于静态功能或任何UI更新非常有用。

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.9) {
            // Call your function 1
            DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) {
                // Call your function 2
            }
        }

例如-在重新加载tableView之前使用动画。或动画后的其他任何UI更新。

*// Start your amination* 
self.startAnimation()
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.9) {
                *// The animation will execute depending on the delay time*
                self.stopAnimation()
                DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.5) {
                    *// Now update your view*
                     self.fetchData()
                     self.updateUI()
                }
            }

答案 13 :(得分:1)

Swift 4

使用以下代码段:

    let delayInSec = 1.0
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delayInSec) {
       // code here
       print("It works")
    }

答案 14 :(得分:1)

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.1, execute: closure) 
// example
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.2) {
      // just do it!
}

更简单。

答案 15 :(得分:1)

dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(10 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    // ...
});

dispatch_after(_:_:_:)函数有三个参数:

  

延迟
  调度队列
  一个块或关闭

dispatch_after(_:_:_:)函数调用在给定延迟后传递给函数的调度队列上的块或闭包。请注意,使用dispatch_time(_:_:)函数创建延迟。请记住这一点,因为我们也在Swift中使用此功能。

我建议您阅读教程Raywenderlich Dispatch tutorial

答案 16 :(得分:1)

在swift中使用asyncAfter延迟GCD调用

let delayQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.theappmaker.in", qos: .userInitiated)
let additionalTime: DispatchTimeInterval = .seconds(2)

我们可以延迟**微秒毫秒纳秒

delayQueue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.60) {
    print(Date())
}

delayQueue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + additionalTime) {
    print(Date())
}

答案 17 :(得分:1)

这对我有用。

斯威夫特3:

let time1 = 8.23
let time2 = 3.42

// Delay 2 seconds

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 2.0) {
    print("Sum of times: \(time1 + time2)")
}

目标-C:

CGFloat time1 = 3.49;
CGFloat time2 = 8.13;

// Delay 2 seconds

dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(2.0 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
    CGFloat newTime = time1 + time2;
    NSLog(@"New time: %f", newTime);
});

答案 18 :(得分:1)

我总是喜欢使用扩展而不是免费功能。

Swift 4

jhipster

使用如下。

public extension DispatchQueue {

  private class func delay(delay: TimeInterval, closure: @escaping () -> Void) {
    let when = DispatchTime.now() + delay
    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: when, execute: closure)
  }

  class func performAction(after seconds: TimeInterval, callBack: @escaping (() -> Void) ) {
    DispatchQueue.delay(delay: seconds) {
      callBack()
    }
  }

}

答案 19 :(得分:1)

延迟代码的另一个助手 100%Swift的使用,并且可选择选择其他线程来运行延迟代码:

public func delay(bySeconds seconds: Double, dispatchLevel: DispatchLevel = .main, closure: @escaping () -> Void) {
    let dispatchTime = DispatchTime.now() + seconds
    dispatchLevel.dispatchQueue.asyncAfter(deadline: dispatchTime, execute: closure)
}

public enum DispatchLevel {
    case main, userInteractive, userInitiated, utility, background
    var dispatchQueue: DispatchQueue {
        switch self {
        case .main:                 return DispatchQueue.main
        case .userInteractive:      return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInteractive)
        case .userInitiated:        return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated)
        case .utility:              return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .utility)
        case .background:           return DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background)
        }
    }
}

现在您只需延迟主线程上的代码,就像这样:

delay(bySeconds: 1.5) { 
    // delayed code
}

如果您想将代码延迟到其他线程

delay(bySeconds: 1.5, dispatchLevel: .background) { 
    // delayed code that will run on background thread
}

如果您更喜欢具有更强大功能的框架,请结帐 HandySwift 。您可以将它添加到您的项目 via Carthage ,然后使用它,就像上面的例子中一样,例如:

import HandySwift    

delay(bySeconds: 1.5) { 
    // delayed code
}

答案 20 :(得分:0)

Swift 4有一个非常简短的方法:

Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 2, repeats: false) { (timer) in
    // Your stuff here
    print("hello")
}

答案 21 :(得分:0)

现在不仅仅是Swift中Grand Central Dispatch(GCD)中异步调度的语法糖。

添加Podfile

pod 'AsyncSwift'

然后,您可以像这样使用它。

let seconds = 3.0
Async.main(after: seconds) {
print("Is called after 3 seconds")
}.background(after: 6.0) {
print("At least 3.0 seconds after previous block, and 6.0 after Async code is called")
}

答案 22 :(得分:0)

这是Swift中asyncAfter的同步版本:

let deadline = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(3)
let semaphore = DispatchSemaphore.init(value: 0)
DispatchQueue.global().asyncAfter(deadline: deadline) {
    dispatchPrecondition(condition: .onQueue(DispatchQueue.global()))
    semaphore.signal()
}

semaphore.wait()

与异步代码一并使用:

let deadline = DispatchTime.now() + .seconds(3)
DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: deadline) {
    dispatchPrecondition(condition: .onQueue(DispatchQueue.global()))
}

答案 23 :(得分:0)

使用此代码在2.0秒后执行一些与UI相关的任务。

            let delay = 2.0
            let delayInNanoSeconds = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, Int64(delay * Double(NSEC_PER_SEC)))
            let mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue()

            dispatch_after(delayInNanoSeconds, mainQueue, {

                print("Some UI related task after delay")
            })

Swift 3.0版本

关闭函数后,在主线程延迟后执行一些任务。

func performAfterDelay(delay : Double, onCompletion: @escaping() -> Void){

    DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: DispatchTime.now() + delay, execute: {
       onCompletion()
    })
}

将此功能称为:

performAfterDelay(delay: 4.0) {
  print("test")
}

答案 24 :(得分:0)

保护current queue

除了这个问题的好答案之外,您还可以考虑保留当前队列以防止不必要的主队列操作(例如,当您尝试延迟某些异步操作时)。

func after(_ delay: TimeInterval,
           perform block: @escaping ()->(),
           on queue: DispatchQueue = OperationQueue.current?.underlyingQueue ?? .main) { // So this `queue` preserves the current queue and defaulted to the `main`. Also the caller can pass in the desired queue explicitly
    queue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay, execute: block)
}

用法:

after(3) {
    // will be executed on the caller's queue
    print(Date())
}

答案 25 :(得分:-1)

要在延迟后执行功能或代码,请使用下一个方法

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 'secondsOfDelay') {
        your code here...
    }

示例-在此示例中,功能getShowMovies将在1秒后执行

DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 1) {
        self.getShowMovies()
    }