我正在学习如何使用Capybara在Rails中的简单应用上进行集成测试。
但是我在运行＆rs; rspec规范时遇到了错误：
bundle exec rspec spec
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:1: warning: loading in progress, circular require considered harmful - /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:38:in `invoke'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:70:in `run'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:85:in `run'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:96:in `setup'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:22:in `configure'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `process_options_into'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `each'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:101:in `block in process_options_into'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `requires='
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `each'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `block in requires='
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `require'
from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `require'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:1:in `require'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb:320:in `<module:Capybara>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara.rb:320:in `require'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:1:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/dsl.rb:1:in `require'
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/node/matchers.rb:121: warning: assigned but unused variable - e
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/selenium/driver.rb:119: warning: assigned but unused variable - a
/home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:6:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>': uninitialized constant Rails (NameError)
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `new'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `block in generate_map'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `each'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:145:in `generate_map'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rack-1.5.2/lib/rack/builder.rb:132:in `to_app'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/capybara-2.3.0/lib/capybara/rails.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `require'
from /home/alex/git-projects/rails-projects/qotd2/spec/spec_helper.rb:6:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `require'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `block in requires='
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `each'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1018:in `requires='
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:101:in `block in process_options_into'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `each'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:100:in `process_options_into'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/configuration_options.rb:22:in `configure'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:96:in `setup'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:85:in `run'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:70:in `run'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:38:in `invoke'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.0/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `load'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/rspec:23:in `<main>'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
from /home/alex/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.0.0-p451@railstutorial_rails_4_0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'
我的Gemfile（部分）：
group :test do
gem 'fake'
gem 'capybara'
gem 'database_cleaner'
gem 'launchy'
end
group :development, :test do
gem 'rspec-rails'
gem 'factory_girl_rails'
gem 'guard-rspec'
gem 'growl'
gem 'dotenv-rails'
end
我的测试用例(location: /spec/features/users_spec.rb)：
require 'spec_helper'
describe 'User authentication' do
context 'new user signs up' do
it "saves the new user" do
visit "/"
expect {
click_button 'Sign up'
fill_in 'Name', with: 'alexjiao'
fill_in 'Email', with: "alexjiao@yahoo.com"
fill_in 'Password', with: 'asdfasdf'
fill_in 'Password confirmation', with: 'asdfasdf'
click_button 'Create my account'
}.to change(User, :count).by(1)
end
end
end
我的spec_helper.rb (location: /spec/spec_helper.rb)：
require 'capybara/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
RSpec.configure do |config|
config.include Capybara::DSL
end
一些解决方案，例如将测试用例放入feature文件夹并为capybara DSL创建配置语句都在这里。但我似乎无法让水豚工作。似乎我的情况有点独特，尤其是上面的错误消息。需要注意的一点是，在运行rails g rspec:install后，我的spec_helper.rb为空（这是正常的吗？）。因此，这说明了上面的简洁代码。
有什么想法吗？
答案 0 :(得分：0)
从.rspec
删除--warnings答案 1 :(得分：0)
我有类似的问题。仅使用
require 'capybara'
在我的spec_helper.rb文件中，而不是
require 'capybara/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
超越了“未初始化的常量Rails（NameError）”。
我仍然收到有关循环要求的警告，但测试运行正确。
*编辑*
我不得不补充道：
--require spec_helper
--require rails_helper
在项目目录中的.rspec文件中，以使测试最终正确运行（RSpec 3.0）。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
@ mkmadd的回答解决了我的问题。我还建议遵循Romanwv的提示并从.rspec删除--warnings以避免一些麻烦。