R中的箭头/箭头图

Question

我是R的新手，在Windows 7上使用3.0.2版本。我试图绘制洋流的速度（速度和方向），更长的箭头意味着更强的速度。

我尝试使用ggplot中的箭头功能执行此操作，如本文中所述：How to map wind direction and speed (velocity plot) with R

然而，似乎这只能为所有人绘制相同长度的箭头，所以它只会提供有关方向的信息，而不是速度（除非我被误解？）。 ggplot似乎也很难使用ncdf格式的数据。

所以我尝试了其他一些事情，到目前为止还没有成功。我认为箭袋函数（包pracma）应该能够做我想做的事情，但我似乎无法弄清楚如何使用它。

我的数据是网格化的ncdf文件，其中包含以下维度：

 "file data_grid.nc has 2 dimensions:"
 "lat   Size: 61"
 "lon   Size: 121"
 "------------------------"
 "file data_grid.nc has 2 variables:"
 "double U[lat,lon]  Longname:U Missval:1e+30"
 "double V[lat,lon]  Longname:V Missval:1e+30"

抱歉，由于我的数据文件非常大，我无法提供可重现的示例。但我基本上有纬度和经度值以及相应的纬向（西向东）速度（U）和经向（从北向南）速度（V）。

我尝试过（在其他一些事情中）：     quiver(lon, lat, U, V) 这给了我错误： Error in x + scale * u : non-conformable arrays

正如上面链接中的帖子一样，我认为U和V是错误的并且也需要是坐标，但老实说，我不理解包描述中给出的解释（u，v：x ，起点的y坐标。）

知道我可能会出错吗？

有关编码和格式的更多信息（*于5月30日添加）： Argo <- open.ncdf("data_grid.nc") print.ncdf(Argo) lon = get.var.ncdf (Argo, "lon") # length =121 lat = get.var.ncdf (Argo, "lat") # length =61 U = get.var.ncdf (Argo, "U") #dim (U) = lat lon V = get.var.ncdf (Argo, "V") #dim(V) = lat lon U = t(U) #dim (U) = lon lat V = t(V) #dim (U) = lon lat

`dput(head(lon))` = `structure(c(150, 150.5, 151, 151.5, 152, 152.5), .Dim = 6L)`
`dput(head(lat))` = `structure(c(-30, -29.5, -29, -28.5, -28, -27.5), .Dim = 6L)`
`dput(head(U))`   = `structure(c(-4.329999924, -4.329999924, -4.329999924, -4.329999924, 

-4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924， -4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924， -4.329999924，-4.329999924，-4.329999924，-3.400000095，-3.400000095， -3.400000095，-3.400000095，-3.400000095，-3.400000095,0.129999995， 0.129999995,0.129999995,0.129999995,0.129999995,0.129999995， 0.129999995,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25,0.100000001， 0.100000001,0.100000001,0.100000001,0.100000001,0.100000001， -0.119999997，-0.119999997，-0.119999997，-0.119999997，-0.119999997， -0.119999997，-3.599999905，-3.599999905，-0.839999974，-0.839999974， 2.680000067,2.668006767,1.24000001，-4.110000134，-3.599999905， -3.599999905，-0.839999974，-0.839999974,1.24000001,1.24000001， 1.24000001，-4.110000134，-4.110000134，-3.599999905,1.24000001， 1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001， 1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001， 1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001， 1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.955000048， 1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.24000001,1.955000048， 1.950000048，-3.650000095，-3.190000057，-2.279999971，-2.279999971， -2.279999971，-0.180000007，-3.650000095，-3.190000057，-3.190000057， -2.279999971，-2.279999971，-2.279999971，-3.650000095，-3.190000057， -3.190000057,0.879999995，-2.279999971，-2.279999971，-3.650000095， -3.190000057，-3.190000057,4.800000191,0.879999995,0.879999995， -3.650000095，-3.190000057，-3.190000057,4.800000191,4.800000191， 0.879999995，-3.650000095，-3.190000057，-3.190000057,4.800000191， -2.980000019，-5.210000038，-3.650000095，-7.320000172，-3.190000057， 4.800000191，-2.980000019，-3.859999895，-6.599999905，-1.75999999， -3.970000029，-5.820000172，-2.980000019，-3.859999895，-6.599999905， -5.75，-4.039999962，-4.25，-3.869999886，-5.980000019，-5.75， -5.75，-4.039999962，-5.380000114，-2.549999952，-2.880000114， -5.75，-5.75，-5.380000114，-1.070000052，-1.070000052，-0.419999987， -5.820000172，-7.03000021，-3.650000095，-1.070000052，-9.68999958， -9.68999958，-5.820000172，-7.03000021，-3.650000095，-5.489999771， -3.779999971,2.230000019，-5.820000172，-7.03000021，-3.650000095， -5.489999771，-3.779999971，-1.379999995，-5.820000172，-7.03000021， -7.179999828，-5.380000114，-7.5，-6.769999981，-4.349999905， -2.539999962，-3.559999943，-9.090000153，-4.480000019，-4.559999943， -8.279999733,5.21999979，-9.039999962，-2.369999886，-2.5，-4.139999866， -1.679999948,7.1000000076,0.419999987，-2.789999962，-5.190000057， -7.570000172,3.769999981,3.769999981,0.419999987,1.7220000029， -0.959999979,6.289999962，-1.669999957,8.489999771,11.25， -5.420000076，-5.420000076,6.289999962，-6.130000114，-6.130000114， 11.25,14.69999981,12.14999962,14.40999985,0.839999974,0.839999974， -4.480000019，-14.76000023，-14.76000023，-1.230000019,11.61999989， 11.61999989,10.61999989，-14.76000023，-14.76000023，-8.479999542， 11.61999989,11.61999989,10.61999989,2.970000029，-3.170000076， -8.479999542,11.61999989，-0.01，-3.450000048，-3.450000048， -5.289999962，-4.619999886，-0.01，-0.01，-0.01，-0.01,0.109999999， 0.529999971，-0.400000006,1.7100000038,1.7100000038,1.7100000038， -0.360000014,0.930099998，-0.400000006，-0.400000006，-0.400000006， 0.829999983,17.43000031,8.220000267，-16.95999908,14.64000034， -0.400000006,9.770000458,2.4100000086，-6.5，-16.95999908,8.130000114， 14.64000034，-10.48999977，-14.42000008，-9.680000305，-4.110000134， -1.480000019，-0.829999983，-21.45000076,6.9400000057，-16.37000084， 22.75,22.75,11.73999977,15.78999996，-8.840000153,5.090000153， 22.75,22.75,0.629999995,5.769999981,5.429999828，-1.25,22.75， 22.75,0.629999995,5.769999981,5.429999828，-1.25,22.75,0.629999995， 5.769999981,5.769999981,5.429999828,5.429999828,22.75,5.769999981， 5.769999981,5.429999828,5.429999828，-4.840000153,2.099999905， 4.010000229,11.78999996,11.78999996,3.210000038，-7.110000134， 2.099999905,4.0110000229,11.78999996,11.78999996,3.210000038， 3.210000038,2.099999905,4.0110000229,12.85999966,11.78999996， 10.14999962，-3.180000067,2.099999905,4.010000229,12.85999966， 11.78999996,10.14999962,1.429999948,2.099999905,4.010000229， 6.809999943,3.539999962，-5.090000153,6.360000134,1.779999971， 7.309999943，-9.149999619,1.419999957，-1.49000001，-0.980000019， -0.579999983，-1.25999999，-14.05000019,8.220000267,0.200000003， 0.159999996,4.019999981,6.570000172,7.989999771，-6.239999771， 0.899999976,0.829999983，-1，-3.630000114，-0.889999986，-12.05000019， 15.03999996,5.849999905）,. Dim = c（6L，61L））`

`dput(head(V))` =`structure(c(-20.85000038, -20.85000038, -20.85000038, -20.85000038, 

-20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038， -20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038， -20.85000038，-20.85000038，-20.85000038，-18.28000069，-18.28000069， -18.28000069，-18.28000069，-18.28000069，-18.28000069，-2.059999943， -2.059999943，-2.059999943，-2.059999943，-2.059999943，-2.059999943， -2.059999943，-7.460000038，-7.460000038，-7.460000038，-7.460000038， -7.460000038，-7.460000038，-3.829999924，-3.829999924，-3.829999924， -3.829999924，-3.829999924，-3.829999924,3.7100000038,3.7100000038， 3.710000038,3.7100000038,3.7100000038,3.7100000038,9.899999619， 9.899999619,1.710000038,1.7100000038，-20.96999931，-20.96999931， 1.820000052,11.43999958,9.899999619,9.899999619,17110000038， 1.710000038,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,11.43999958， 11.43999958,9.899999619,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052， 1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052， 1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052， 1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052， 1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052， 2.630000114,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052,1.820000052， 2.630000114,2.630000114，-0.310000002,0.039999999,1.019999981， 1.019999981,1.019999981,0.460000008，-0.310000002,0.039999999， 0.039999999,1.01999981,1.01999981,1.019999981，-0.310000002， 0.039999999,0.039999999，-6.039999962,1.01999981,1.01999981， -0.310000002,0.039999999,0.039999999,2.380000114，-6.039999962， -6.039999962，-0.310000002,0.039999999,0.039999999,2.380000114， 2.380000114，-6.039999962，-0.310000002,0.039999999,0.039999999， 2.380000114，-0.600000024,1.090000033，-0.310000002,2.369999886， 0.039999999,2.380000114，-0.600000024,1.266699981,0.289999992， 1，-0.620000005，-1.429999948，-0.600000024,1.266699981,0.289999992， 0.639999986，-0.430000007，-1.480000019，-1.159999967，-4.860000134， 0.639999986,0.639999986，-0.430000007，-8.329999924，-5.079999924， 2.809999943,0.639999986,0.639999986，-8.329999924,6.210000038， 6.210000038，-4.679999828,1.32320052,2.109999895,1,6.210000038， 5.960000038,5.9600000038,1.32320052,2.109999895,1,1.620000005， 2.029999971，-0.200000003,1.32320052,2.109999895,1,1.620000005， 2.029999971,1.389999986,1.32320052,2.109999895,4.400000095， 0.050000001,2.720000029,4.110000134,2.309999943,1.850000024， -0.029999999，-1.830000043,1.700000048，-2.930000067,0.01， 2.839999914,3.00999999，-0.529999971，-0.330000013，-1.409999967， 2.430000067，-2.650000095,1.080000043，-0.050000001，-0.239999995， -0.439999998,5.53000021,5.53000021,1.080000043,5,5 -9.5000000153， 9.93999958，-7.989999771,9.210000038,9.789999962，-16.19000053， -16.19000053,9.93999958，-13.01000023，-13.01000023,9.789999962， 3.289999962,1.24000001，-6.099999905,7.699999809,7.699999809， 0.029999999,0.180000007,0.180000007,4.449999809，-3.539999962， -3.539999962，-3.799999952,0.180000007,0.180000007,1.019999981， -3.539999962，-3.539999962，-3.799999952,1.7300000019，-1.00999999， 1.019999981，-3.539999962,3.9800000019，-1.159999967，-1.159999967， 3.890000105,2.460000038,3.9800000019,3.9800000019,3.9800000019， 3.980000019，-0.870000005,0.50999999，-1.080000043,0.9300007， 0.930000007,0.9300007,3.299999952，-1.470000029，-1.080000043， -1.080000043，-1.080000043，-5.800000191，-11.10999966，-4.320000172， -5.239999771，-3.579999924，-1.080000043，-1.789999962，-4.179999828， -5.409999847，-5.239999771，-10.81000042，-3.579999924,11.25， -6.46999979，-3.369999886,0.860000014,4.610000134,8.699999809， 5.78000021，-4.829999924,9.789999962,5.420000076,5.420000076， 5.28000021，-5.150000095,10.21000004,4.309999943,5.420000076， 5.420000076,0.079999998,3.390000105,1.470000029，-5.699999809， 5.420000076,5.420000076,0.079999998,3.390000105,1.470000029， -5.699999809,5.420000076,0.079999998,3.390000105,3.390000105， 1.470000029,1.470000029,5.420000076,3.390000105,3.390000105， 1.470000029,1.470000029，-6.989999771,0,0.810000002，-4.539999962， -4.539999962,0.529999971,0.629999995,0,0.810000002，-4.539999962， -4.539999962,0.529999971,0.529999971,0,0.810000002,1.299999952， -4.539999962，-3.059999943,1.649999976,0,0.810000002,1.299999952， -4.539999962，-3.059999943,0.955099979,0,0.810000002，-3.230000019， 0.379999995,4.71999979,0.800000012，-4.909999847，-3.75,1.99000001， -4.139999866,2.799999952,5.139999866，-3，-1.25999999,12.77999973， -5.489999771,6.840000153,0.889999986，-0.07,4.619999886，-8.670000076， 4.639999866，-2.569999933，-2.380000114,0.170000002，-2.190000057， 3.930000067，-0.680000007，-0.460000008，-4.639999866）,. Dim = c（6L， 61L））`

Answer 1

所以我假设length(lat)==61，length(lon)=121 dim(U)=c(61,121)和dim(V)=c(61,121)。如果是这样，那些与绘图的长度不兼容，但您可以重复lat和lon值足以匹配。这是使用基本图形绘制数据的一种方法（这里我将使用arrows而不是quiver，因为这基本上就是函数所做的一切）

lat=seq(-10,10,length.out=20)
lon=seq(-10,10,length.out=60)
u=matrix(runif(length(lat)*length(lon),-2,2),nrow=length(lat))
v=matrix(runif(length(lat)*length(lon),-2,2),nrow=length(lat))


scale<-1
plot(0,0,xlim=c(-10,10), ylim=c(-10,10), type="n")
arrows(lat[row(u)], lon[col(u)], 
    lat[row(u)] + scale * u, lon[col(u)] + scale * v, 
    angle = 10, length=.12)

现在我已经把矩阵做得更小了，所以它并不像一团糟。但length=和angle=设置会影响箭头的绘制方式。您通过的坐标确定轴的长度