Question

我已经对“合并Makefile”做了一些阅读，一个建议我应该将两个Makefile分开放在不同的文件夹[1]中。对我来说，这看起来很直观，因为我有以下情况：

我有3个源文件（main.cpp flexibility.cpp constraints.cpp）其中一个（flexibility.cpp）正在使用COIN-OR Linear Programming library (Clp)在我的计算机上安装此库时，它会生成样本Makefile，我已经调整了Makefile，它目前是一个很好的二进制文件。

# Copyright (C) 2006 International Business Machines and others.
# All Rights Reserved.
# This file is distributed under the Eclipse Public License.

# $Id: Makefile.in 726 2006-04-17 04:16:00Z andreasw $

##########################################################################
#    You can modify this example makefile to fit for your own program.   #
#    Usually, you only need to change the five CHANGEME entries below.   #
##########################################################################

# To compile other examples, either changed the following line, or
# add the argument DRIVER=problem_name to make
DRIVER = main

# CHANGEME: This should be the name of your executable
EXE = clp

# CHANGEME: Here is the name of all object files corresponding to the source
#           code that you wrote in order to define the problem statement
OBJS =  $(DRIVER).o constraints.o flexibility.o

# CHANGEME: Additional libraries
ADDLIBS =

# CHANGEME: Additional flags for compilation (e.g., include flags)
ADDINCFLAGS =

# CHANGEME: Directory to the sources for the (example) problem definition
# files
SRCDIR = .


##########################################################################
#  Usually, you don't have to change anything below.  Note that if you   #
#  change certain compiler options, you might have to recompile the      #
#  COIN package.                                                         #
##########################################################################

COIN_HAS_PKGCONFIG = TRUE
COIN_CXX_IS_CL = #TRUE
COIN_HAS_SAMPLE = TRUE
COIN_HAS_NETLIB = #TRUE

# C++ Compiler command
CXX = g++

# C++ Compiler options
CXXFLAGS = -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD

# additional C++ Compiler options for linking
CXXLINKFLAGS =  -Wl,--rpath -Wl,/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib

# C Compiler command
CC = gcc

# C Compiler options
CFLAGS = -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wimplicit -Wparentheses -Wsequence-point -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD

# Sample data directory
ifeq ($(COIN_HAS_SAMPLE), TRUE)
  ifeq ($(COIN_HAS_PKGCONFIG), TRUE)
    CXXFLAGS += -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\"
      CFLAGS += -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\"
  else
    CXXFLAGS += -DSAMPLEDIR=\"\"
      CFLAGS += -DSAMPLEDIR=\"\"
  endif
endif

# Netlib data directory
ifeq ($(COIN_HAS_NETLIB), TRUE)
  ifeq ($(COIN_HAS_PKGCONFIG), TRUE)
    CXXFLAGS += -DNETLIBDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatanetlib`\"
      CFLAGS += -DNETLIBDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatanetlib`\"
  else
    CXXFLAGS += -DNETLIBDIR=\"\"
      CFLAGS += -DNETLIBDIR=\"\"
  endif
endif

# Include directories (we use the CYGPATH_W variables to allow compilation with Windows compilers)
ifeq ($(COIN_HAS_PKGCONFIG), TRUE)
  INCL = `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --cflags clp`
else
  INCL = 
endif
INCL += $(ADDINCFLAGS)

# Linker flags
ifeq ($(COIN_HAS_PKGCONFIG), TRUE)
  LIBS = `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --libs clp`
else
  ifeq ($(COIN_CXX_IS_CL), TRUE)
    LIBS = -link -libpath:`$(CYGPATH_W) /home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib` libClp.lib 
  else
    LIBS = -L/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib -lClp 
  endif
endif

# The following is necessary under cygwin, if native compilers are used
CYGPATH_W = echo

# Here we list all possible generated objects or executables to delete them
CLEANFILES = clp \
    main.o \
    flexibility.o \
    constraints.o \

all: $(EXE)

.SUFFIXES: .cpp .c .o .obj

$(EXE): $(OBJS)
    bla=;\
    for file in $(OBJS); do bla="$$bla `$(CYGPATH_W) $$file`"; done; \
    $(CXX) $(CXXLINKFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) -o $@ $$bla $(LIBS) $(ADDLIBS)

clean:
    rm -rf $(CLEANFILES)

.cpp.o:
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `test -f '$<' || echo '$(SRCDIR)/'`$<


.cpp.obj:
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `if test -f '$<'; then $(CYGPATH_W) '$<'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(SRCDIR)/$<'; fi`

.c.o:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `test -f '$<' || echo '$(SRCDIR)/'`$<


.c.obj:
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(INCL) -c -o $@ `if test -f '$<'; then $(CYGPATH_W) '$<'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(SRCDIR)/$<'; fi`

另一个Makefile编译了很多代码并使用了bison和flex。这个也是由其他人制作的。当我想添加一些代码时，我能够改变这个Makefile。这个Makefile也是一个二进制文件。

CFLAGS=-Wall
LDLIBS=-LC:/GnuWin32/lib -lfl -lm
LSOURCES=lex.l
YSOURCES=grammar.ypp
CSOURCES=debug.cpp esta_plus.cpp heap.cpp main.cpp stjn.cpp timing.cpp tmsp.cpp token.cpp chaining.cpp flexibility.cpp exceptions.cpp
HSOURCES=$(CSOURCES:.cpp=.h) includes.h
OBJECTS=$(LSOURCES:.l=.o) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.tab.o) $(CSOURCES:.cpp=.o)

all: solver

solver: CFLAGS+=-g -O0 -DDEBUG
solver: $(OBJECTS) main.o debug.o
    g++ $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)

solver.release: CFLAGS+=-O5
solver.release: $(OBJECTS) main.o
    g++ $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)

%.o: %.cpp
    g++ -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

lex.cpp: lex.l grammar.tab.cpp grammar.tab.hpp
    flex -o$@ $<

%.tab.cpp %.tab.hpp: %.ypp
    bison --verbose -d $<

ifneq ($(LSOURCES),)
$(LSOURCES:.l=.cpp): $(YSOURCES:.y=.tab.h)
endif

-include $(OBJECTS:.o=.d)

clean:
    rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(OBJECTS:.o=.d) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.tab.cpp) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.tab.hpp) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.output) $(LSOURCES:.l=.cpp) solver solver.release 2>/dev/null

.PHONY: all clean debug release

对我来说，这两个Makefile都很难理解。我不知道他们到底做了什么。我想要的是合并他们两个，所以我只得到一个二进制。在第二个Makefile中编译的代码应该是结果。我想将flexibility.cpp和constraints.cpp添加到第二个Makefile中，但是当我这样做时。我遇到了问题：

flexibility.h:4:26: fatal error: ClpSimplex.hpp: No such file or directory
#include "ClpSimplex.hpp"

因此编译器无法找到Clp库。我还尝试将第一个Makefile中的更多代码复制粘贴到第二个，但它仍然给我同样的错误。

问：你能帮我合并两个makefile还是指出一个更优雅的方式？
问：在这种情况下合并两个Makefile确实更好吗？

我也试过使用cmake，但我很快就给了它，因为我对flex和bison不太了解。

g++ -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --cflags clp`  -c -o main.o `test -f 'main.cpp' || echo './'`main.cpp
g++ -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --cflags clp`  -c -o constraints.o `test -f 'constraints.cpp' || echo './'`constraints.cpp
g++ -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --cflags clp`  -c -o flexibility.o `test -f 'flexibility.cpp' || echo './'`flexibility.cpp
bla=;\
    for file in main.o constraints.o flexibility.o; do bla="$bla `echo $file`"; done; \
    g++ -Wl,--rpath -Wl,/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" -o clp $bla `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --libs clp`

这是第一个Makefile出来的，看起来有些错误吗？打印像echo这样的东西看起来非常愚蠢。

Answer 1

我想要的是合并他们两个，所以我只得到一个二进制文件。

我相信你有一个完全错误的理解是什么make和Makefile有什么好处，并且存在一个很大的误解，即库，模块和程序（二进制文件）的概念是什么。

作为第一个提示：您可以在一个目录中拥有多个Makefile。他们可以拥有你想给他们的每个名字！＆＃34;生成文件＆＃34;只是首先从make命令搜索的标准名称。对于makefile的模块，典型的名称是* .mk。

接下来的事情是，使用其他名称直接从make调用makefile没有问题。只需使用make -f xyz.mk即可获得此makefile。

接下来的事情是，您还可以使用＆＃34; include＆＃34;来包含另一个makefile。

我没有足够的时间来创建你的makefile。但是你应该从一些分析开始：

您的来源是什么
您的中间产品/图书馆/对象 - 文件
哪些对象将链接到最终产品或库
这是最终产品的构建。

之后，您可以简单地构建makefile工具链。但是你已经开始了一些基本的阅读和一些make的实验。

Answer 2

我已经运行了第一个Makefile并使用终端上的输出来编辑第二个Makefile。我还添加了-std=c++11标志，解决了一些错误。事情是使用包含的库进行编译。我应该能够继续前进而没有任何问题。

带有一些警告的工作结果：

CFLAGS=-Wall
LDLIBS=-LC:/GnuWin32/lib -lfl -lm
LSOURCES=lex.l
YSOURCES=grammar.ypp
CSOURCES=debug.cpp esta_plus.cpp heap.cpp main.cpp stjn.cpp timing.cpp tmsp.cpp token.cpp chaining.cpp exceptions.cpp constraints.cpp flexibility.cpp
HSOURCES=$(CSOURCES:.cpp=.h) includes.h
OBJECTS=$(LSOURCES:.l=.o) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.tab.o) $(CSOURCES:.cpp=.o)

# C++ Compiler options
CXXFLAGS = -std=c++11 -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long -DCLP_BUILD

EXTRAFLAG = -std=c++11 -Wl,--rpath -Wl,/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib -O3 -pipe -DNDEBUG -pedantic-errors -Wparentheses -Wreturn-type -Wcast-qual -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wconversion -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Wno-long-long   -DCLP_BUILD -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" 

EXTRALIB = `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --libs clp`

all: solver

solver: CFLAGS+=-g -O0 -DDEBUG
solver: $(OBJECTS) main.o debug.o
    g++ $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRAFLAG) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS) $(EXTRALIB)

solver.release: CFLAGS+=-O5
solver.release: $(OBJECTS) main.o
    g++ $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)

main.o: main.cpp
    g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --cflags clp`  -c -o main.o `test -f 'main.cpp' || echo './'`main.cpp

flexibility.o: flexibility.cpp
    g++ $(CXXFLAGS) -DSAMPLEDIR=\"`PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --variable=datadir coindatasample`\" `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib64/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/lib/pkgconfig:/home/martijn/Downloads/COIN/coin-Clp/share/pkgconfig: pkg-config --cflags clp`  -c -o flexibility.o `test -f 'flexibility.cpp' || echo './'`flexibility.cpp

%.o: %.cpp
    g++ -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<

lex.cpp: lex.l grammar.tab.cpp grammar.tab.hpp
    flex -o$@ $<

%.tab.cpp %.tab.hpp: %.ypp
    bison --verbose -d $<

ifneq ($(LSOURCES),)
$(LSOURCES:.l=.cpp): $(YSOURCES:.y=.tab.h)
endif

-include $(OBJECTS:.o=.d)

clean:
    rm -f $(OBJECTS) $(OBJECTS:.o=.d) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.tab.cpp) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.tab.hpp) $(YSOURCES:.ypp=.output) $(LSOURCES:.l=.cpp) solver solver.release 2>/dev/null

.PHONY: all clean debug release

如何合并两个不同的Makefile？

2 个答案: