Question

在python 2.7.x中，os.path.expanduser("~")因Unicode而中断。

这意味着如果扩展＆＃34;〜＆＃34;中包含非ascii字符。

http://bugs.python.org/issue13207

我怎样才能达到同样的目的呢？

（也就是说，我怎样才能获得用户＆＃34;主目录＆＃34;的路径，在Win7上通常是C:\Users\usern-name？

Answer 1

您链接的错误报告包含workaround script，它直接从Win32 API检索相关的主目录信息：

import ctypes
from ctypes import windll, wintypes

class GUID(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = [
         ('Data1', wintypes.DWORD),
         ('Data2', wintypes.WORD),
         ('Data3', wintypes.WORD),
         ('Data4', wintypes.BYTE * 8)
    ]

    def __init__(self, l, w1, w2, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8):
        """Create a new GUID."""
        self.Data1 = l
        self.Data2 = w1
        self.Data3 = w2
        self.Data4[:] = (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8)

    def __repr__(self):
        b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8 = self.Data4
        return 'GUID(%x-%x-%x-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x)' % (
                   self.Data1, self.Data2, self.Data3, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8)

# constants to be used according to the version on shell32
CSIDL_PROFILE = 40
FOLDERID_Profile = GUID(0x5E6C858F, 0x0E22, 0x4760, 0x9A, 0xFE, 0xEA, 0x33, 0x17, 0xB6, 0x71, 0x73)

def expand_user():
    # get the function that we can find from Vista up, not the one in XP
    get_folder_path = getattr(windll.shell32, 'SHGetKnownFolderPath', None)
    if get_folder_path is not None:
        # ok, we can use the new function which is recomended by the msdn
        ptr = ctypes.c_wchar_p()
        get_folder_path(ctypes.byref(FOLDERID_Profile), 0, 0, ctypes.byref(ptr))
        return ptr.value
    else:
        # use the deprecated one found in XP and on for compatibility reasons
       get_folder_path = getattr(windll.shell32, 'SHGetSpecialFolderPathW', None)
       buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(300)
       get_folder_path(None, buf, CSIDL_PROFILE, False)
       return buf.value

此expand_user()函数仅返回当前用户的主目录。

Answer 2

正如评论中指出的，您实际上需要WinAPI调用来获取USERPROFILE环境变量的值：

import ctypes

buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetEnvironmentVariableW(u"USERPROFILE", buf, 1024)
home_dir = buf.value

或者，如果您更喜欢专用的shell函数：

CSIDL_PROFILE = 40
buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(1024)
ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, CSIDL_PROFILE, None, 0, buf)
print buf.value

请注意，两个代码段都会返回配置文件路径，这与主路径不一样。

os.path.expanduser（＆＃34;〜＆＃34;）的替代方案？

2 个答案: