我在这里介绍了我遇到的问题的简化版本，我在Oracle 10.2上工作：
我为孩子们管理圣诞礼物，我有一份孩子名单，并根据孩子的年龄和性别提供适当礼物的理论清单。我还跟踪他们实际收到的礼物：
drop table actual_presents;
drop table kids;
drop table intended_presents;
create table kids (
name varchar2(30),
sex varchar2(1),
constraint pk_kids primary key(name),
constraint kids_sex_check check (sex in ('M', 'F'))
);
insert into kids(name, sex) values ('Alice','F');
insert into kids(name, sex) values ('Bob','M');
insert into kids(name, sex) values ('Carol','F');
insert into kids(name, sex) values ('Dave','M');
commit;
create table intended_presents (
age number,
sex varchar2(1),
present varchar2(30),
constraint pk_intended_presents primary key(age, sex, present),
constraint present_sex_check check (sex in ('M', 'F'))
);
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (5,'F', 'Doll');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (6,'F', 'Poney');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (5,'M', 'Car');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (6,'M', 'Soldier');
commit;
create table actual_presents (
age number,
kid varchar2(30),
present varchar2(30),
constraint pk_actual_presents primary key(age, kid, present),
constraint fk_ap_k foreign key(kid) references kids(name)
);
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Alice', 'Doll');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Alice', 'Poney');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Bob', 'Car');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Bob', 'Soldier');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Carol', 'Car');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Carol', 'Poney');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Dave', 'Soldier');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Dave', 'Car');
commit;
我现在想要提取每个孩子的预期和实际礼物之间的比较。只要每个孩子只收到一份礼物，就很容易：
select 'Basic query: double join, works well with 1 present per christmas' as remark from dual;
select k.name, k.sex, ip.age, ip.present as intended_present, ap.present as actual_present
from kids k, intended_presents ip, actual_presents ap
where k.name = ap.kid
and k.sex = ip.sex
and ap.age = ip.age
order by k.name, ip.age, ip.present;
但是还有更复杂的案例：我们可以为特定的圣诞节安排几件礼物，或者一个应该收到2件礼物的孩子可能会获得1或3件礼物。
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (5,'F', 'Drum');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (6,'F', 'Orange');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (5,'M', 'Itchy sweater');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (6,'M', 'Coloring book');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (7,'M', 'Trumpet');
insert into intended_presents(age, sex, present) values (7,'M', 'Apple');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Alice', 'Drum');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Alice', 'Orange');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Bob', 'Itchy sweater');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Bob', 'Coloring book');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Carol', 'Trumpet');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (5, 'Dave', 'Coloring book');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Dave', 'Itchy sweater');
insert into actual_presents(age, kid, present) values (6, 'Dave', 'Puppy');
现在我发现无法生成会返回以下预期结果的查询/视图：
NAME S AGE ACTUAL_PRESENT INTENDED_PRESENT
------------------------------ - ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Alice F 5 Doll Doll
Alice F 5 Drum Drum
Alice F 6 Orange Orange
Alice F 6 Poney Poney
Bob M 5 Car Car
Bob M 5 Itchy sweater Itchy sweater
Bob M 6 Coloring book Coloring book
Bob M 6 Soldier Soldier
Carol F 5 Car Doll
Carol F 5 Trumpet Drum
Carol F 6 Orange
Carol F 6 Poney Poney
Dave M 5 Coloring book Car
Dave M 5 Soldier Itchy sweater
Dave M 6 Car Coloring book
Dave M 6 Itchy sweater Soldier
Dave M 6 Puppy
17 rows selected.
前面描述的'简单'查询将返回额外的不需要的行，因为连接不再包含多个礼物（例如，Alice 5 Doll Doll的1行正确，Alice 5 Doll Drum的1行不正确）。
我得到的最接近的结果是通过对行进行排名来使用一些技巧，然后尝试仅提取正确的行，但仍然不适合预期的礼物列：
select 'score + partition by rank' as remark from dual;
select name, sex, age, actual_present, intended_present from (
select name, sex, age, actual_present, intended_present, row_number() over (partition by name, sex, age, actual_present order by score desc) as rank
from (
select
(case when sq.actual_present = ip.present then 1
else 0
end) as score,
sq.name as name, nvl(sq.sex, ip.sex) as sex, nvl(sq.age, ip.age) as age, sq.actual_present, ip.present as intended_present
from (
select k.name, k.sex, ap.age, ap.present as actual_present
from kids k,actual_presents ap
where k.name = ap.kid
) sq
full outer join intended_presents ip
on ip.age = sq.age
and ip.sex = sq.sex
where name is not null
)
) where rank = 1
order by name, age, actual_present;
NAME S AGE ACTUAL_PRESENT INTENDED_PRESENT
------------------------------ - ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Alice F 5 Doll Doll
Alice F 5 Drum Drum
Alice F 6 Orange Orange
Alice F 6 Poney Poney
Bob M 5 Car Car
Bob M 5 Itchy sweater Itchy sweater
Bob M 6 Coloring book Coloring book
Bob M 6 Soldier Soldier
Carol F 5 Car Doll
Carol F 5 Trumpet *Doll*
Carol F 6 Poney Poney
Dave M 5 Coloring book Car
Dave M 5 Soldier *Car*
Dave M 6 Car Coloring book
Dave M 6 Itchy sweater *Coloring book*
Dave M 6 Puppy *Coloring book*
16 rows selected.
我尝试添加额外的列present_index以使连接自然，但这并不能解决问题，因为： - 仅对此视图进行数据模型的不必要更改 - 它没有准确描述现实（1 - Doll + 2 - Drum相当于1 - Drum + 2 - Doll） - 我们缺少额外礼物的线条（Dave - 6 - Puppy - NULL）
alter table intended_presents add present_index number;
update intended_presents set present_index = 1 where present in ('Doll', 'Car', 'Orange', 'Soldier', 'Apple');
update intended_presents set present_index = 2 where present_index is null;
commit;
alter table intended_presents drop constraint pk_intended_presents;
alter table intended_presents add constraint pk_intended_presents primary key(age, sex, present_index);
select * from intended_presents order by age, sex, present_index;
alter table actual_presents add present_index number;
update actual_presents set present_index = 1 where present in ('Doll', 'Car', 'Orange', 'Soldier');
update actual_presents set present_index = 3 where present in ('Puppy');
update actual_presents set present_index = 2 where present_index is null;
commit;
alter table actual_presents drop constraint pk_actual_presents;
alter table actual_presents add constraint pk_actual_presents primary key(age, kid, present_index);
select 'With present_index, we can use that in the join.' as remark from dual;
select k.name, k.sex, ip.age, ip.present as intended_present, ap.present as actual_present, ap.present_index
from kids k, intended_presents ip, actual_presents ap
where k.name = ap.kid
and k.sex = ip.sex
and ap.age = ip.age
and ap.present_index = ip.present_index
order by k.name, ip.age, ap.present_index;
NAME S AGE INTENDED_PRESENT ACTUAL_PRESENT PRESENT_INDEX
------------------------------ - ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------
Alice F 5 Doll Doll 1
Alice F 5 Drum Drum 2
Alice F 6 Orange Orange 1
Alice F 6 Poney Poney 2
Bob M 5 Car Car 1
Bob M 5 Itchy sweater Itchy sweater 2
Bob M 6 Soldier Soldier 1
Bob M 6 Coloring book Coloring book 2
Carol F 5 Doll Car 1
Carol F 5 Drum Trumpet 2
Carol F 6 Poney Poney 2
Dave M 5 Car Soldier 1
Dave M 5 Itchy sweater Coloring book 2
Dave M 6 Soldier Car 1
Dave M 6 Coloring book Itchy sweater 2
15 rows selected.
update actual_presents set present_index = 3 where kid = 'Alice' and present = 'Doll';
update actual_presents set present_index = 1 where kid = 'Alice' and present = 'Drum';
update actual_presents set present_index = 2 where kid = 'Alice' and present = 'Doll';
commit;
select k.name, k.sex, ip.age, ip.present as intended_present, ap.present as actual_present, ap.present_index
from kids k, intended_presents ip, actual_presents ap
where k.name = ap.kid
and k.sex = ip.sex
and ap.age = ip.age
and ap.present_index = ip.present_index
order by k.name, ip.age, ap.present_index;
NAME S AGE INTENDED_PRESENT ACTUAL_PRESENT PRESENT_INDEX
------------------------------ - ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------
Alice F 5 *Doll* *Drum* 1
Alice F 5 *Drum* *Doll* 2
Alice F 6 Orange Orange 1
Alice F 6 Poney Poney 2
Bob M 5 Car Car 1
Bob M 5 Itchy sweater Itchy sweater 2
Bob M 6 Soldier Soldier 1
Bob M 6 Coloring book Coloring book 2
Carol F 5 Doll Car 1
Carol F 5 Drum Trumpet 2
Carol F 6 Poney Poney 2
Dave M 5 Car Soldier 1
Dave M 5 Itchy sweater Coloring book 2
Dave M 6 Soldier Car 1
Dave M 6 Coloring book Itchy sweater 2
15 rows selected.
最后，我只设法从基于包的流水线函数创建一个视图，它实际上通过反向跟踪来计算所需的值（如果需要，我可以发布代码）。 对于这个带有3个小桌子的简单问题来说，这似乎非常复杂和昂贵。我错过了一些明显的东西吗？
***************** https://stackoverflow.com/users/3486433/serpiton *****************
解决方案您的查询完美地显示了所有的差异，我现在要做的就是添加实际=预期的行并解决我的问题
WITH ActualNotIntended AS (
SELECT name, age, sex, present as actual
, Row_Number() OVER (Partition BY name, age ORDER BY present) as ID
FROM (SELECT k.name, a.age, k.sex, a.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON k.Name = a.kid
MINUS
SELECT k.name, i.age, k.sex, i.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN intended_presents i ON k.sex = i.sex) a
), IntendedNotActual AS (
SELECT name, age, sex, present as intended
, Row_Number() OVER (Partition BY name, age ORDER BY present) as ID
FROM (SELECT k.name, i.age, k.sex, i.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN intended_presents i ON k.sex = i.sex
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON a.age = i.age AND k.sex = i.sex
MINUS
SELECT k.name, a.age, k.sex, a.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON k.Name = a.kid) i
), ActualIntended as(
SELECT k.name, a.age, k.sex, a.present as actual, i.present as intended
FROM kids k
JOIN actual_presents a ON k.name = a.kid
JOIN intended_presents i ON k.sex = i.sex AND i.age = a.age AND i.present = a.present
)
SELECT Coalesce(a.name, i.name) as name
, Coalesce(a.age, i.age) as age
, Coalesce(a.sex, i.sex) as sex
, actual
, intended
FROM ActualNotIntended a
FULL JOIN IntendedNotActual i
ON a.name = i.name AND a.age = i.age
AND a.sex = i.sex AND a.id = i.id
UNION
SELECT name, age, sex, actual, intended
FROM ActualIntended
ORDER by name, age, actual;
NAME AGE S ACTUAL INTENDED
------------------------------ ---------- - ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Alice 5 F Doll Doll
Alice 5 F Drum Drum
Alice 6 F Orange Orange
Alice 6 F Poney Poney
Bob 5 M Car Car
Bob 5 M Itchy sweater Itchy sweater
Bob 6 M Coloring book Coloring book
Bob 6 M Soldier Soldier
Carol 5 F Car Doll
Carol 5 F Trumpet Drum
Carol 6 F Poney Poney
NAME AGE S ACTUAL INTENDED
------------------------------ ---------- - ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Carol 6 F Orange
Dave 5 M Coloring book Car
Dave 5 M Soldier Itchy sweater
Dave 6 M Car Coloring book
Dave 6 M Itchy sweater Soldier
Dave 6 M Puppy
17 rows selected.
对于记录，这比基于函数的视图更简单，可读和可维护：
DROP TYPE V_RECORD_TABLE;
DROP TYPE V_RECORD;
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE V_RECORD AS OBJECT (
NAME VARCHAR2(30),
SEX VARCHAR2(1),
AGE NUMBER,
ACTUAL_PRESENT VARCHAR2(30),
INTENDED_PRESENT VARCHAR2(30)
);
/
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE V_RECORD_TABLE AS TABLE OF V_RECORD;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL AS
FUNCTION GET_DATA RETURN V_RECORD_TABLE PIPELINED;
END INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL AS
TYPE REF_CURSOR IS REF CURSOR;
/* types to record intended presents */
TYPE LIST_OF_IP_REC IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(30);
TYPE LIST_OF_IP_PER_AGE IS TABLE OF LIST_OF_IP_REC INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER; /* index per age */
TYPE LIST_OF_IP IS TABLE OF LIST_OF_IP_PER_AGE INDEX BY VARCHAR2(1); /* index per sex */
TYPE EXPECTED_USED IS TABLE OF NUMBER INDEX BY VARCHAR2(30);
FUNCTION TREAT_PENDING(PENDING_ACTUAL IN OUT LIST_OF_IP_REC, EXP_USED IN OUT EXPECTED_USED, CUR_KID IN VARCHAR2, CUR_AGE IN NUMBER, CUR_SEX VARCHAR2) RETURN V_RECORD_TABLE
IS
CUR_EXPECTED VARCHAR2(30) := '';
CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED VARCHAR2(30) := '';
V_REC V_RECORD_TABLE := V_RECORD_TABLE();
BEGIN
IF PENDING_ACTUAL.LAST > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('pending actual has '||PENDING_ACTUAL.LAST||' items');
FOR i IN PENDING_ACTUAL.FIRST .. PENDING_ACTUAL.LAST
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('pending actual '||PENDING_ACTUAL(i));
CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED := NULL;
CUR_EXPECTED := EXP_USED.FIRST;
WHILE CUR_EXPECTED IS NOT NULL
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('checking exp used item '||CUR_EXPECTED||' with value '||EXP_USED(CUR_EXPECTED));
IF EXP_USED(CUR_EXPECTED) = 0 THEN
EXP_USED(CUR_EXPECTED) := 1;
CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED := CUR_EXPECTED;
END IF;
EXIT WHEN CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED IS NOT NULL;
CUR_EXPECTED := EXP_USED.NEXT(CUR_EXPECTED);
END LOOP; -- loop on expected used
IF CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('returning row with actual '||PENDING_ACTUAL(i)||' exp used selected '||CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED);
V_REC.EXTEND;
V_REC(V_REC.LAST) := V_RECORD(CUR_KID, CUR_SEX, CUR_AGE, PENDING_ACTUAL(i), CUR_EXPECTED_SELECTED);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('returning row with actual '||PENDING_ACTUAL(i)||' exp used selected NULL');
V_REC.EXTEND;
V_REC(V_REC.LAST) := V_RECORD(CUR_KID, CUR_SEX, CUR_AGE, PENDING_ACTUAL(i), NULL);
END IF;
END LOOP; -- loop on pending actual
END IF; -- if pending actual
/* remaining unused expected */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('checking remaining unused expected');
CUR_EXPECTED := EXP_USED.FIRST;
WHILE CUR_EXPECTED IS NOT NULL
LOOP
-- DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('checking exp used item '||CUR_EXPECTED||' with value '||EXP_USED(CUR_EXPECTED));
IF EXP_USED(CUR_EXPECTED) = 0 THEN
EXP_USED(CUR_EXPECTED) := 1;
V_REC.EXTEND;
V_REC(V_REC.LAST) := V_RECORD(CUR_KID, CUR_SEX, CUR_AGE, NULL, CUR_EXPECTED);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('returning row with actual NULL exp used selected '||CUR_EXPECTED);
END IF;
CUR_EXPECTED := EXP_USED.NEXT(CUR_EXPECTED);
END LOOP; -- loop on expected used
RETURN V_REC;
END TREAT_PENDING;
FUNCTION GET_DATA RETURN V_RECORD_TABLE
PIPELINED
IS
V_REC V_RECORD_TABLE;
/* variables to fetch records */
CUR REF_CURSOR;
CUR_SEX VARCHAR2(1);
CUR_AGE NUMBER;
CUR_PRESENT VARCHAR2(30);
CUR_KID VARCHAR2(30);
IP_LIST LIST_OF_IP;
/* TREATMENT VARS */
PREV_KID VARCHAR2(30) := '';
PREV_AGE NUMBER := -1;
PREV_SEX VARCHAR2(1) := '';
i NUMBER;
PENDING_ACTUAL LIST_OF_IP_REC := LIST_OF_IP_REC();
EXP_USED EXPECTED_USED;
AP_FOUND BOOLEAN := FALSE;
BEGIN
/* first record intended presents by age, sex */
OPEN CUR FOR SELECT SEX, AGE, PRESENT FROM INTENDED_PRESENTS;
LOOP
FETCH cur INTO cur_sex, cur_age, cur_present;
EXIT WHEN CUR%NOTFOUND;
IF NOT IP_LIST.EXISTS(CUR_SEX) THEN
IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE) := LIST_OF_IP_REC();
END IF;
IF NOT IP_LIST(CUR_SEX).EXISTS(CUR_AGE) THEN
IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE) := LIST_OF_IP_REC();
END IF;
IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE).EXTEND;
IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE).LAST) := CUR_PRESENT;
END LOOP;
CLOSE CUR;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('intended presents recorded');
/* Treat actual presents */
OPEN CUR FOR SELECT K.NAME, K.SEX, AP.AGE, AP.PRESENT AS ACTUAL_PRESENT
FROM KIDS K, ACTUAL_PRESENTS AP
WHERE K.NAME = AP.KID ORDER BY K.NAME, AP.AGE;
LOOP
FETCH CUR INTO CUR_KID, CUR_SEX, CUR_AGE, CUR_PRESENT;
EXIT WHEN CUR%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('********** actual present record kid '||CUR_KID||' sex '||CUR_SEX||' age '||CUR_AGE||' present '||CUR_PRESENT||' *********');
IF NOT IP_LIST.EXISTS(CUR_SEX) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-1, 'unknown sex '||CUR_SEX);
END IF;
IF NOT IP_LIST(CUR_SEX).EXISTS(CUR_AGE) THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-2, 'unknown age for sex '||CUR_SEX||': '||CUR_AGE);
END IF;
IF (CUR_KID <> PREV_KID OR CUR_AGE <> PREV_AGE) THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('switching kid or age, from '||PREV_KID||'/'||PREV_AGE||' to '||CUR_KID||'/'||CUR_AGE);
IF PREV_AGE > -1 THEN
/* here send rows from collected data */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Checking for pending records...');
V_REC := TREAT_PENDING(PENDING_ACTUAL, EXP_USED, PREV_KID, PREV_AGE, PREV_SEX);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Found records to return: '||V_REC.LAST);
IF V_REC.LAST IS NOT NULL THEN
FOR i IN V_REC.FIRST .. V_REC.LAST
LOOP
PIPE ROW ( V_REC(i));
END LOOP;
END IF;
END IF; -- if prev_age > 1 i.e. had something before, to ensure not executed on first row
/* here reinit variables */
PENDING_ACTUAL.DELETE;
EXP_USED.DELETE;
END IF; -- if switch kid / age
PREV_KID := CUR_KID;
PREV_AGE := CUR_AGE;
PREV_SEX := CUR_SEX;
/* Check whether actual present has been returned, store in pending list if not */
AP_FOUND := FALSE;
FOR i IN IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE).FIRST .. IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE).LAST
LOOP
IF CUR_PRESENT = IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i) THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('match found for '||CUR_PRESENT||' at index '||i||' marking '||IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i)||' as used');
EXP_USED(IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i)) := 1;
PIPE ROW ( V_RECORD( CUR_KID, CUR_SEX, CUR_AGE, CUR_PRESENT, IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i) ) );
AP_FOUND := TRUE;
ELSE
IF NOT EXP_USED.EXISTS(IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i)) THEN
EXP_USED(IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i)) := 0;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(IP_LIST(CUR_SEX)(CUR_AGE)(i)||' marked as not used');
END IF;
END IF;
END LOOP; -- loop of intended presents
IF NOT AP_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('no match found for '||CUR_PRESENT||' in intended list. storing in pending_actual');
PENDING_ACTUAL.EXTEND;
PENDING_ACTUAL(PENDING_ACTUAL.LAST) := cur_present;
END IF;
END LOOP; -- loop on actual presents from query
V_REC := TREAT_PENDING(PENDING_ACTUAL, EXP_USED, CUR_KID, CUR_AGE, CUR_SEX); -- treat remaining data for last kid/age group of rows
IF V_REC.LAST IS NOT NULL THEN
FOR i IN V_REC.FIRST .. V_REC.LAST
LOOP
PIPE ROW ( V_REC(i));
END LOOP;
END IF;
RETURN;
END GET_DATA;
END INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW V_INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL AS SELECT * FROM TABLE(INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL.GET_DATA());
SELECT * FROM V_INTENDED_VS_ACTUAL ORDER BY NAME, AGE, ACTUAL_PRESENT;
NAME S AGE ACTUAL_PRESENT INTENDED_PRESENT
------------------------------ - ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Alice F 5 Doll Doll
Alice F 5 Drum Drum
Alice F 6 Orange Orange
Alice F 6 Poney Poney
Bob M 5 Car Car
Bob M 5 Itchy sweater Itchy sweater
Bob M 6 Coloring book Coloring book
Bob M 6 Soldier Soldier
Carol F 5 Car Doll
Carol F 5 Trumpet Drum
Carol F 6 Poney Poney
Carol F 6 Orange
Dave M 5 Coloring book Car
Dave M 5 Soldier Itchy sweater
Dave M 6 Car Soldier
Dave M 6 Itchy sweater Coloring book
Dave M 6 Puppy
答案 0 :(得分：2)
我认为您的问题在于您的数据模型。你没有孩子表中任何孩子的年龄，所以你只有性别才能把桌子绑在一起。因此，您获得的是每个孩子的预期和实际礼物的所有可能组合，因为针对特定年龄和性别的孩子的礼物数量不一定是他们实际接收的礼物数量。
年龄根本不适合在actual_presents表中，这应该仅仅是孩子和礼物之间的联系。您目前的设计会遇到的问题是，您无法根据年龄和性别列出每个孩子有资格获得的礼物清单，因为您与孩子的年龄没有关系，您只需要在两个不同的表格中重复了目前的预期目标年龄。如果我理解了你的要求，如果你能够改变设计我会建议这样的事情：
CREATE TABLE kids(KidID number, Name varchar2(30), Sex varchar2(1), Age number);
CREATE TABLE presents(PresentID number, TargetAge number, Sex varchar2(1), Present varchar2(30));
CREATE TABLE actual_presents(ActualPresentId number, KidID number, PresentID number);
这将允许您存储孩子的详细信息：
insert into kids(KidID, Name, Sex, Age) values (1, 'Alice','F', 6);
insert into kids(KidID, Name, Sex, Age) values (2, 'Bob','M', 7);
insert into kids(KidID, Name, Sex, Age) values (3, 'Carol','F', 5);
insert into kids(KidID, Name, Sex, Age) values (4, 'Dave','M', 5);
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (1, 5,'F', 'Drum');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (2, 6,'F', 'Orange');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (3, 5,'M', 'Itchy sweater');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (4, 6,'M', 'Coloring book');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (5, 7,'M', 'Trumpet');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (6, 7,'M', 'Apple');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (7, 5,'F', 'Doll');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (8, 6,'F', 'Pony');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (9, 5,'M', 'Car');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (10, 6,'M', 'Soldier');
insert into presents(PresentID, TargetAge, sex, present) values (11, 7,'F', 'Puppy');
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (1, 1, 7);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (2, 1, 8);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (3, 2, 9);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (4, 2, 10);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (5, 3, 9);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (6, 3, 8);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (7, 4, 10);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (8, 4, 9);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (9, 1, 1);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (10, 1, 2);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (11, 2, 3);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (12, 2, 4);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (13, 3, 5);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (14, 4, 4);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (15, 4, 3);
insert into actual_presents(ActualPresentID, KidID, PresentID) values (16, 4, 11);
现在你需要真正拥有两个查询（无论你改变你的表结构还是注释，这都适用）：一个显示孩子可以收到的年龄和性别的礼物，一个显示他们实际得到的内容。< / p>
/*Possible presents per child based on gender and age*/
select k.name, k.sex S, k.age KidAge, p.Present
from kids k
inner join presents p
on p.targetage = k.age
and p.sex = k.sex
order by k.name asc;
/*Actual presents received by each child*/
select k.name, k.sex S, k.age KidAge, p.TargetAge, p.present
from Kids k
inner join actual_presents ap
on ap.KidID = k.KidID
inner join presents p
on p.PresentID = ap.PresentID
Order by k.name asc;
这有意义吗？对于任何类型或格式错误的抱歉，我在SQL Server中这样做的时候我真的应该工作了！
答案 1 :(得分：1)
我没有一个系统来模拟Oracle中的这个问题，在TSQL中，几乎只使用标准的SQL模型
SELECT k.name, a.age, k.sex, a.present actual
, Coalesce(i.present, i2.present) intended
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON k.Name = a.kid
FULL JOIN intended_presents i ON a.age = i.age AND k.sex = i.sex
AND a.present = i.present
INNER JOIN intended_presents i2 ON a.age = i2.age AND k.sex = i2.sex
WHERE k.name IS NOT NULL
AND (i2.Present = a.present OR i.Present IS NULL)
ORDER BY k.name, a.age
FULL JOIN比较现实和现有的INNER JOIN选择孩子年龄和性别的目标礼物(i2.Present = a.present OR i.Present IS NULL)条件会删除重复的行，如果实际礼物是有意的礼物。 当实际和有意的礼物不匹配时，行复制仍然存在，但可以使用除LISTAGG之外的所有字段intended分组来解决。
仅限差异
从OP的最后一条评论来看，该视图的最终用途似乎是看到实际和有意礼品的差异，在这种情况下，可以跳过中间段以立即获得最终结果
WITH ActualNotIntended AS (
SELECT name, age, sex, present actual
, ID = Row_Number() OVER (Partition BY name, age ORDER BY present)
FROM (SELECT k.name, a.age, k.sex, a.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON k.Name = a.kid
MINUS
SELECT k.name, i.age, k.sex, i.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN intended_presents i ON k.sex = i.sex) a
), IntendedNotActual AS (
SELECT name, age, sex, present intended
, ID = Row_Number() OVER (Partition BY name, age ORDER BY present)
FROM (SELECT k.name, i.age, k.sex, i.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN intended_presents i ON k.sex = i.sex
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON a.age = i.age AND k.sex = i.sex
MINUS
SELECT k.name, a.age, k.sex, a.present
FROM kids k
INNER JOIN actual_presents a ON k.Name = a.kid) i
)
SELECT Coalesce(a.name, i.name) name
, Coalesce(a.age, i.age) age
, Coalesce(a.sex, i.sex) sex
, actual
, intended
FROM ActualNotIntended a
FULL JOIN IntendedNotActual i ON a.name = i.name AND a.age = i.age
AND a.sex = i.sex AND a.id = i.id
ActualNotIntended收到非预期收到的礼物，并添加行号IntendedNotActual获得有意但未收到的礼物，并添加一个行号
actual_presents的加入只是为了限制孩子的年龄范围，如果你想看到他们将来会收到的礼物将其删除FULL JOIN两个CTE，两个中添加的ID用作连接助手以避免行乘法非常简单
*由Spendius编辑*
感谢您的回复，在aim_presents上的双内/外连接是我一直在寻找的。在我的数据库上翻译后，它给了我：
select k.name, k.sex, ap.age,
coalesce(ip2.present, ip.present) as intended_present,
ap.present as actual_present
from kids k
inner join actual_presents ap on k.name = ap.kid
FULL OUTER JOIN intended_presents ip ON ap.age = ip.age AND k.sex = ip.sex AND ap.present = ip.present
inner join intended_presents ip2 on ap.age = ip2.age AND k.sex = ip2.sex
WHERE k.name IS NOT NULL and ap.age is not null
AND (ip2.Present = ap.present OR ip.Present IS NULL) order by k.name, ap.age;
NAME | S | AGE | INTENDED_PRESENT | ACTUAL_PRESENT
------+---+-----+------------------+------------------
Alice | F | 5 | Drum | Drum
Alice | F | 5 | Doll | Doll
Alice | F | 6 | Orange | Orange
Alice | F | 6 | Poney | Poney
Bob | M | 5 | Car | Car
Bob | M | 5 | Itchy sweater | Itchy sweater
Bob | M | 6 | Soldier | Soldier
Bob | M | 6 | Coloring book | Coloring book
Carol | F | 5 | Doll | Trumpet
Carol | F | 5 | Doll | Car
Carol | F | 5 | Drum | Car
Carol | F | 5 | Drum | Trumpet
Carol | F | 6 | Poney | Poney
Dave | M | 5 | Itchy sweater | Soldier
Dave | M | 5 | Car | Coloring book
Dave | M | 5 | Itchy sweater | Coloring book
Dave | M | 5 | Car | Soldier
Dave | M | 6 | Soldier | Car
Dave | M | 6 | Coloring book | Car
Dave | M | 6 | Soldier | Itchy sweater
Dave | M | 6 | Coloring book | Itchy sweater
Dave | M | 6 | Soldier | Puppy
NAME | S | AGE | INTENDED_PRESENT | ACTUAL_PRESENT
------+---+-----+------------------+-----------------
Dave | M | 6 | Coloring book | Puppy
23 rows selected.
当实际/意图不匹配时，确实会复制行。 我喜欢你对列表聚合的建议，但遗憾的是10g似乎没有。它会给我以下输出，这是可以接受的：
NAME | S | AGE | INTENDED_PRESENT | ACTUAL_PRESENT
------+---+-----+-----------------------+--------------
Alice | F | 5 | Drum | Drum
Alice | F | 5 | Doll | Doll
Alice | F | 6 | Orange | Orange
Alice | F | 6 | Poney | Poney
Bob | M | 5 | Car | Car
Bob | M | 5 | Itchy sweater | Itchy sweater
Bob | M | 6 | Soldier | Soldier
Bob | M | 6 | Coloring book | Coloring book
Carol | F | 5 | Doll;Drum | Trumpet
Carol | F | 5 | Doll;Drum | Car
Carol | F | 6 | Poney | Poney
Dave | M | 5 | Itchy sweater;Car | Soldier
Dave | M | 5 | Itchy sweater;Car | Coloring book
Dave | M | 6 | Soldier;Coloring book | Car
Dave | M | 6 | Soldier;Coloring book | Itchy sweater
Dave | M | 6 | Soldier;Coloring book | Puppy
16 rows selected.