我想使用Python代码备份数据库。我想备份一些相关数据表。如何备份以及如何使用" SELECT"选择所需的表格声明?
e.g。
我想从2014-05-01到2014-05-10获取某些表的数据并将此结果输出为.sql扩展名文件
如何使用python代码获取此格式? 如果你不介意,请解释。 感谢。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
使用psycopg2建立数据连接。文档中有很多例子:
配置完数据源后,请仔细检查" SELECT"的结果。声明建立" INSERT INTO"语句通过将结果集打印到文件。基本上是一些反向逻辑。
这样,如果时机到了,您需要使用备份文件,那么您可以简单地运行将数据插入的SQL文件...
示例:
import psycopg2
import sys
con = None
try:
con = psycopg2.connect(database='local', user='local', password='local',port='1970')
cur = con.cursor()
cur.execute('SELECT x FROM t')
f = open('test.sql', 'w')
for row in cur:
f.write("insert into t values (" + str(row) + ");")
except psycopg2.DatabaseError, e:
print 'Error %s' % e
sys.exit(1)
finally:
if con:
con.close()
然后恢复:
psql <dbname> <username> < test.sql
干杯,
答案 1 :(得分:1)
我想到的第一个想法是转储你的表调用pg_dump命令,类似于提出的方法here(但谷歌有很多选择)。
但是,由于您的备份策略要求您选择精确的日期而不仅仅是表格,因此您可能不得不依赖一系列查询,然后我的建议是使用像Psycopg这样的库。
编辑:
我不能提供一个完整的例子,因为我不知道:
以下示例生成一个存储单个查询结果的文件。
import psycopg
conn = psycopg2.connect("dbname=test user=postgres") # change this according to your RDBMS configuration
cursor = conn.cursor()
table_name='YOUR_TABLE_HERE' # place your table name here
with open("table_dump.sql") as f:
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM %s" % (table_name)) # change the query according to your needs
column_names = []
columns_descr = cursor.description
for c in columns_descr:
column_names.append(c[0])
insert_prefix = 'INSERT INTO %s (%s) VALUES ' % (table_name, ', '.join(column_names))
rows = cursor.fetchall()
for row in rows:
row_data = []
for rd in row:
if rd is None:
row_data.append('NULL')
elif isinstance(rd, datetime.datetime):
row_data.append("'%s'" % (rd.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') ))
else:
row_data.append(repr(rd))
f.write('%s (%s);\n' % (insert_prefix, ', '.join(row_data))) # this is the text that will be put in the SQL file. You can change it if you wish.
答案 2 :(得分:1)
如果您的操作系统是Linux,则可以使用以下代码。
首先,您应该运行apt-get install postgresql
。
def create_essentials():
yaml_file = open("settings.yaml", 'r')
settings = yaml.load(yaml_file)
db_name = settings["db_name"]
db_user = settings["db_user"]
db_password = settings["db_password"]
db_host = settings["db_host"]
db_port = settings["db_port"]
backup_path = settings["backup_path"]
filename = settings["filename"]
filename = filename + "-" + time.strftime("%Y%m%d") + ".backup"
command_str = str(db_host)+" -p "+str(db_port)+" -d "+db_name+" -U "+db_user
return command_str, backup_path, filename
def backup_database(table_names=None):
command_str,backup_path,filename = create_essentials()
command_str = "pg_dump -h "+command_str
if table_names is not None:
for x in table_names:
command_str = command_str +" -t "+x
command_str = command_str + " -F c -b -v -f '"+backup_path+"/"+filename+"'"
try:
os.system(command_str)
print "Backup completed"
except Exception as e:
print "!!Problem occured!!"
print e
def restore_database(table_names=None):
command_str,backup_path,filename = create_essentials()
command_str = "pg_restore -h "+command_str
if table_names is not None:
for x in table_names:
command_str = command_str +" -t "+x
command_str = command_str + " -v '"+backup_path+"/"+filename+"'"
try:
os.system(command_str)
print "Restore completed"
except Exception as e:
print "!!Problem occured!!"
print e