手动设置图例中点的颜色

时间:2014-05-16 15:15:49

标签: python numpy matplotlib colors legend

我正在制作一个看起来像这样的散点图:

enter image description here

(问题底部的MWE)

从上图中可以看出,图例中各点的颜色由matplotlib自动设置为蓝色。我需要将此点设置为色彩图中不存在的其他颜色(即:黑色),这样它们就不会与与所述色彩图相关联的颜色产生混淆。

我环顾四周,但matplotlib.legend模块似乎不接受color关键字。有没有办法做到这一点?


这是MWE:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def rand_data():
    return np.random.uniform(low=0., high=1., size=(100,))

# Generate data.
x, y, x2, x3 = [rand_data() for i in range(4)]
# This data defines the markes and labels used.
x1 = np.random.random_integers(7, 9, size=(100,))

# Order all lists so smaller points are on top.
order = np.argsort(-np.array(x2))
# Order x and y.
x_o, y_o = np.take(x, order), np.take(y, order)
# Order list related to markers and labels.
z1 = np.take(x1, order)
# Order list related to sizes.
z2 = np.take(x2, order)
# Order list related to colors.
z3 = np.take(x3, order)

plt.figure()
cm = plt.cm.get_cmap('RdYlBu')

# Scatter plot where each value in z1 has a different marker and label
# assigned.
mrk = {7: ('o', '7'), 8: ('s', '8'), 9: ('D', '9')}
for key, value in mrk.items():

    s1 = (z1 == key)
    plt.scatter(x_o[s1], y_o[s1], marker=value[0], label=value[1],
        s=z2[s1] * 100., c=z3[s1], cmap=cm, lw=0.2)

# Plot colorbar
plt.colorbar()

# Plot legend.
plt.legend(loc="lower left", markerscale=0.7, scatterpoints=1, fontsize=10)

plt.show()

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:32)

您可以获取图例句柄并更改其颜色:

ax = plt.gca()
leg = ax.get_legend()
leg.legendHandles[0].set_color('red')
leg.legendHandles[1].set_color('yellow')

答案 1 :(得分:1)

如果要将颜色映射到特定标签,可以使用lh.get_label()检索每个图例句柄的标签。

出于我的目的,最好从legendHandles创建一个dict并改变颜色,如下所示:

ax = plt.gca()
leg = ax.get_legend()
hl_dict = {handle.get_label(): handle for handle in leg.legendHandles}
hl_dict['9'].set_color('red')
hl_dict['8'].set_color('yellow')

答案 2 :(得分:1)

补充其他答案 - 过去我在使用 size 更改图例标记的颜色时遇到了麻烦。另一种方法是自己构建图例:

set_color

从头开始构建图例有时可以省去处理已构建图例的晦涩内部结构的麻烦。 Matplotlib 文档中的更多信息 here

答案 3 :(得分:0)

虽然我发现 legendHandles[i].set_color 的解决方案对 errorbar 不起作用,但我设法执行了以下解决方法:

ax_legend = fig.add_subplot(g[3, 0])
ax_legend.axis('off')
handles_markers = []
markers_labels = []
for marker_name, marker_style in markers_style.items():
    pts = plt.scatter([0], [0], marker=marker_style, c='black', label=marker_name)
    handles_markers.append(pts)
    markers_labels.append(marker_name)
    pts.remove()
ax_legend.legend(handles_markers, markers_labels, loc='center', ncol=len(markers_labels), handlelength=1.5, handletextpad=.1)

另见this GitHub issue