如何使用主查询中的LEFT JOIN和子查询中的INNER JOIN优化MySQL SELECT查询?

时间:2014-05-16 05:57:25

标签: mysql query-optimization

考虑使用三个表:ABC以及以下简单查询:

SELECT *
FROM A
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT *
    FROM B
    INNER JOIN C ON (B.bid = C.bfid)
) s ON (A.bfid = s.bid)

如果子查询选择了太多行,则此查询将成为拖动,因为MySQL不会使用A.bfid = s.bid的任何索引。如果有多个这样的子查询,这种情况会变得更糟。

有没有人知道如何优化这种情况?

这是表结构和示例数据:

CREATE TABLE A (aid INT, bfid INT, PRIMARY KEY (aid));
CREATE TABLE B (bid INT, PRIMARY KEY (bid));
CREATE TABLE C (cid INT, bfid int, PRIMARY KEY (cid));

INSERT INTO B VALUES (1), (2), (3);
INSERT INTO A VALUES (4, 1), (5, 2);
INSERT INTO C VALUES (6, 2), (7, 3);

使用这些,查询将输出:

+-----+------+------+------+------+
| aid | bfid | bid  | cid  | bfid |
+-----+------+------+------+------+
|   4 |    1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
|   5 |    2 |    2 |    6 |    2 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

一种可能的方法是使用一对LEFT连接,然后根据是否在C上找到匹配来确定是否返回B.adid: -

SELECT A.*, 
    IF(C.bfid IS NULL, NULL, B.bid), 
    IF(C.bfid IS NULL, NULL, C.cid), 
    IF(C.bfid IS NULL, NULL, C.bfid)
FROM A
LEFT OUTER JOIN B ON A.bfid = B.bid
LEFT OUTER JOIN C ON B.bid = C.bfid

答案 1 :(得分:1)

是的,Mysql派生表不使用索引并在查询中使用它们 大数据库是一个问题。

首先要做的是避免这种情况并使用JOINS从不同的表中收集数据,如果JOIN是在索引列上完成的 然后它将非常快,并将忽略全表扫描。现在,如果所有JOIN都没有达到目的而且你没有选择 使用子查询和dereived表,然后替代是使用TEMPORARY表作为子查询数据和索引TEMPORARY表。

为了说明这一点,我们可以创建表并给出索引,并在不使用TEMPORARY表的情况下完成查询说明 并使用TEMPORARY表。

请注意,TEMPORARY表将存在于当前会话/连接中。

create table A (aid int ,val varchar(20));
insert into A values 
(1,'A'),(2,'B'),(3,'C'),(4,'D');

create table B (bid int, afid int);
insert into B values
(1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(4,3),(5,2),(6,2),(7,1),(8,2),(9,3),(10,4);

create table C (cid int , bfid int);
insert into C values 
(1,1),(2,2),(3,1),(4,8),(5,6),(6,6),(7,10);

alter table A add index aid_idx (aid);
alter table B add index bid_idx (bid);
alter table B add index afid_idx (afid);
alter table C add index cid_idx (cid);
alter table C add index bfid_idx (bfid);

create TEMPORARY TABLE temp_table 
select 
B.afid from B 
inner join C on B.bid = C.bfid ;

alter table temp_table add index dafid_idx(afid);


EXPLAIN SELECT A.*
FROM A
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT B.afid
    FROM B
    INNER JOIN C ON (B.bid = C.bfid)
) s ON (A.aid = s.afid);

+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+--------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table      | type  | possible_keys | key      | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                          |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+--------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | A          | ALL   | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL |    4 |                                |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL   | NULL          | NULL     | NULL    | NULL |    7 |                                |
|  2 | DERIVED     | C          | index | bfid_idx      | bfid_idx | 5       | NULL |    7 | Using index                    |
|  2 | DERIVED     | B          | ALL   | bid_idx       | NULL     | NULL    | NULL |   10 | Using where; Using join buffer |
+----+-------------+------------+-------+---------------+----------+---------+------+------+--------------------------------+


EXPLAIN 
select A.* from A
LEFT JOIN temp_table on temp_table.afid = A.aid;

+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+------------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table      | type | possible_keys | key       | key_len | ref        | rows | Extra       |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+------------+------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | A          | ALL  | NULL          | NULL      | NULL    | NULL       |    4 |             |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | temp_table | ref  | dafid_idx     | dafid_idx | 5       | test.A.aid |    2 | Using index |
+----+-------------+------------+------+---------------+-----------+---------+------------+------+-------------+

However this query also be pretty good without using derived tables as

select 
A.* from A
LEFT JOIN B on B.afid = A.aid
INNER JOIN C on C.bfid = B.bid

因此,根据您正在查看的结果集,您可以优化查询以避免使用派生表。如果可以使用收集结果集 只需加入表,然后在索引列上使用JOIN。

答案 2 :(得分:0)

这是我想出的(在网站发布之前)

SELECT *
FROM A
LEFT JOIN 
b on a.aid = b.afid
left join c on b.bid=c.bfid
where not(bfid is null and bid is not null);

我认为它与原作有关。你需要尝试一下才能知道它是否更好。