我一直在使用Scrapy,但遇到了一些问题。
DjangoItem
有一个save
方法来使用Django ORM来持久保存项目。这很好,除非我多次运行一个刮刀,即使我可能只想更新以前的值,也会在数据库中创建新项目。
查看文档和源代码后,我看不到任何更新现有项目的方法。
我知道我可以调用ORM来查看项目是否存在并更新它,但这意味着要为每个对象调用数据库,然后再次保存项目。
如果项目已经存在,我该如何更新?
答案 0 :(得分:10)
不幸的是,我发现完成此操作的最佳方法是完全按照所述内容执行操作:使用django_model.objects.get
检查数据库中是否存在该项,然后更新它。
在我的设置文件中,我添加了新的管道:
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# ...
# Last pipeline, because further changes won't be saved.
'apps.scrapy.pipelines.ItemPersistencePipeline': 999
}
我创建了一些辅助方法来处理创建项目模型的工作,并在必要时创建一个新方法:
def item_to_model(item):
model_class = getattr(item, 'django_model')
if not model_class:
raise TypeError("Item is not a `DjangoItem` or is misconfigured")
return item.instance
def get_or_create(model):
model_class = type(model)
created = False
# Normally, we would use `get_or_create`. However, `get_or_create` would
# match all properties of an object (i.e. create a new object
# anytime it changed) rather than update an existing object.
#
# Instead, we do the two steps separately
try:
# We have no unique identifier at the moment; use the name for now.
obj = model_class.objects.get(name=model.name)
except model_class.DoesNotExist:
created = True
obj = model # DjangoItem created a model for us.
return (obj, created)
def update_model(destination, source, commit=True):
pk = destination.pk
source_dict = model_to_dict(source)
for (key, value) in source_dict.items():
setattr(destination, key, value)
setattr(destination, 'pk', pk)
if commit:
destination.save()
return destination
然后,最后的管道非常简单:
class ItemPersistencePipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
try:
item_model = item_to_model(item)
except TypeError:
return item
model, created = get_or_create(item_model)
update_model(model, item_model)
return item
答案 1 :(得分:1)
与外国钥匙相关的模型
def update_model(destination, source, commit=True):
pk = destination.pk
source_fields = fields_for_model(source)
for key in source_fields.keys():
setattr(destination, key, getattr(source, key))
setattr(destination, 'pk', pk)
if commit:
destination.save()
return destination
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我认为可以更简单地完成
class DjangoSavePipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
try:
product = Product.objects.get(myunique_id=item['myunique_id'])
# Already exists, just update it
instance = item.save(commit=False)
instance.pk = product.pk
except Product.DoesNotExist:
pass
item.save()
return item
假设您的django模型从抓取的数据中获得了一些唯一的ID,例如产品ID,这里假设您的Django模型称为Product
。