Question

我希望在包含15个字段和大约2000行的Excel工作簿中阅读，并将每行转换为Python中的字典。然后我想将每个字典附加到列表中。我希望工作簿顶行中的每个字段都是每个字典中的一个键，并且相应的单元格值是字典中的值。我已经查看了示例here和here，但我想做一些不同的事情。第二个例子可以工作，但我觉得循环顶行可以更有效地填充字典键，然后遍历每一行来获取值。我的Excel文件包含来自讨论论坛的数据，看起来像这样（显然有更多列）：

id    thread_id    forum_id    post_time    votes    post_text
4     100          3           1377000566   1        'here is some text'
5     100          4           1289003444   0        'even more text here'

因此，我希望将字段id，thread_id等作为字典键。我希望我的词典看起来像：

{id: 4, 
thread_id: 100,
forum_id: 3,
post_time: 1377000566,
votes: 1,
post_text: 'here is some text'}

最初，我有一些像这样的代码遍历文件，但是我的范围对于某些for循环来说是错误的，并且我生成了太多的字典。这是我的初始代码：

import xlrd
from xlrd import open_workbook, cellname

book = open('forum.xlsx', 'r')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)

dict_list = []

for row_index in range(sheet.nrows):
    for col_index in range(sheet.ncols):
        d = {}

        # My intuition for the below for-loop is to take each cell in the top row of the 
        # Excel sheet and add it as a key to the dictionary, and then pass the value of 
        # current index in the above loops as the value to the dictionary. This isn't
        # working.

        for i in sheet.row(0):
           d[str(i)] = sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
           dlist.append(d)

非常感谢任何帮助。提前感谢您阅读。

Answer 1

首先，想法是将标题读入列表。然后，迭代工作表行（从标题后面的下一个开始），根据标题键和适当的单元格值创建新字典，并将其附加到字典列表中：

from xlrd import open_workbook

book = open_workbook('forum.xlsx')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)

# read header values into the list    
keys = [sheet.cell(0, col_index).value for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)]

dict_list = []
for row_index in xrange(1, sheet.nrows):
    d = {keys[col_index]: sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value 
         for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)}
    dict_list.append(d)

print dict_list

对于包含以下内容的工作表：

A   B   C   D
1   2   3   4
5   6   7   8

打印：

[{'A': 1.0, 'C': 3.0, 'B': 2.0, 'D': 4.0}, 
 {'A': 5.0, 'C': 7.0, 'B': 6.0, 'D': 8.0}]

UPD（扩展词典理解）：

d = {}
for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols):
    d[keys[col_index]] = sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value

Answer 2

from xlrd import open_workbook

dict_list = []
book = open_workbook('forum.xlsx')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(3)

# read first row for keys  
keys = sheet.row_values(0)

# read the rest rows for values
values = [sheet.row_values(i) for i in range(1, sheet.nrows)]

for value in values:
    dict_list.append(dict(zip(keys, value)))

print dict_list

Answer 3

试试这个。下面的这个函数将返回生成器包含每行和每列的字典。

from xlrd import open_workbook

for row in parse_xlsx():
    print row # {id: 4, thread_id: 100, forum_id: 3, post_time: 1377000566, votes: 1, post_text: 'here is some text'}

def parse_xlsx():
    workbook = open_workbook('excelsheet.xlsx')
    sheets = workbook.sheet_names()
    active_sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0])
    num_rows = active_sheet.nrows
    num_cols = active_sheet.ncols
    header = [active_sheet.cell_value(0, cell).lower() for cell in range(num_cols)]
    for row_idx in xrange(1, num_rows):
        row_cell = [active_sheet.cell_value(row_idx, col_idx) for col_idx in range(num_cols)]
        yield dict(zip(header, row_cell))

Answer 4

首先尝试解析第一行，所有列，另一个解析数据的函数，然后按顺序调用它们来设置密钥。

all_fields_list = []
header_dict = {}
def parse_data_headers(sheet):
   global header_dict
   for c in range(sheet.ncols):
       key = sheet.cell(1, c) #here 1 is the row number where your header is
       header_dict[c] = key   #store it somewhere, here I have chosen to store in a dict
def parse_data(sheet):
   for r in range(2, sheet.nrows):
       row_dict = {}
       for c in range(sheet.ncols):
           value = sheet.cell(r,c)
           row_dict[c] = value
       all_fields_list.append(row_dict)

Answer 5

这个答案帮了我很多忙！我花了大约两个小时的方法来摆弄这个问题。然后我发现了这个优雅而简短的答案。谢谢！

我需要一些方法来使用键将xls转换为json。

所以我用上面的json print语句改编了上面的脚本：

from xlrd import open_workbook
import simplejson as json
#http://stackoverflow.com/questions/23568409/xlrd-python-reading-excel-file-into-dict-with-for-loops?lq=1

book = open_workbook('makelijk-bomen-herkennen-schors.xls')
sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)

# read header values into the list
keys = [sheet.cell(0, col_index).value for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)]
print "keys are", keys

dict_list = []
for row_index in xrange(1, sheet.nrows):
    d = {keys[col_index]: sheet.cell(row_index, col_index).value
         for col_index in xrange(sheet.ncols)}
    dict_list.append(d)

#print dict_list
j = json.dumps(dict_list)

# Write to file
with open('data.json', 'w') as f:
    f.write(j)

Answer 6

此脚本允许您将Excel数据转换为字典列表

import xlrd

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('forum.xls')
workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('forum.xls', on_demand = True)
worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
first_row = [] # The row where we stock the name of the column
for col in range(worksheet.ncols):
    first_row.append( worksheet.cell_value(0,col) )
# tronsform the workbook to a list of dictionnary
data =[]
for row in range(1, worksheet.nrows):
    elm = {}
    for col in range(worksheet.ncols):
        elm[first_row[col]]=worksheet.cell_value(row,col)
    data.append(elm)
print data

XLRD / Python：使用for循环将Excel文件读入dict

6 个答案: