我有这样的文件＆＃34; as.txt＆＃34;
Sr.No. Name Enrollment Number CGPA Year
1. XYZ 1101111 7.1 2014
2. ZYX 1101113 8.2 2014
3. Abc 1010101 9.1 2014
我想解析此文件并将数据存储在列表中。我想提取每一行并检查其注册号码，如果注册号码。从第11个开始，将它保存在第二个主人中，然后在firstyearlist中。
这是我尝试的但我认为我错了。
import struct
with open("as.txt") as f:
# skip first two lines (containing header) and split on whitespace
# this creates a nested list like: [[val1, i1, i2], [val2, i1, i2]]
lines = [x.split() for x in f.readlines()[2:]
# use the list to create the dict, using first item as key, last as values
dict((x[0], x[1:])for x in lines)
f.close()
请帮我这样做。
答案 0 :(得分：2)
有许多可能的解决方案，这个解释了几个典型的结构
fname = "as.txt"
with open(fname) as f:
# skip first line (containing header)
header = f.next() #this has just read one line (header)
print "header", header # just to show, we have read the header line, not really necessary
# this creates a list of records with each record being: [srno, name, enrolment, cgpa, year]
records = [line.split() for line in f]
# initialize resulting lists
y_11 = []
y_others = []
# loop over records
# we use value unpacking, each element of record is assigned to one variable
for srno, name, enrolment, cgpa, year in records:
if enrolment.startswith("11"):
y_11.append([srno, name, enrolment, float(cgpa), int(year)])
else:
y_others.append([srno, name, enrolment, float(cgpa), int(year)])
# note, as we have left the `with` block, the `f.close()` was done automatically
assert f.closed # this assert would raise an exception if the `f.closed` would not be True
# print the results
print "y_11", y_11
print "y_other", y_others
$ python file2lst.py
header Sr.No. Name Enrollment Number CGPA Year
y_11 [['1.', 'XYZ', '1101111', 7.1, 2014], ['2.', 'ZYX', '1101113', 8.2, 2014]]
y_other [['3.', 'Abc', '1010101', 9.1, 2014]]
f.next() - 阅读下一行文字拥有文件描述符，循环可以迭代它们。所以你不必打电话
lines = f.readlines()
但您也可以这样做：
lines = list(f)
在所有情况下，都会返回行列表。
在for循环中迭代时，使用next()方法隐藏了对iterable的调用：
lines = []
for line in f:
lines.append(line)
再次，我们有填充的行列表。
我们可以在iterable上使用next()调用来实现相同的功能，在我们的例子中是打开文件描述符。
with open(fname) as f:
lines = []
line = f.next()
lines.append(line)
line = f.next()
lines.append(line)
line = f.next()
lines.append(line)
line = f.next()
lines.append(line)
我们足够聪明到现在就停止，否则一旦我们用完文件中的行就会引发异常StopIteration。 for循环自动捕获此异常并停止迭代。
到现在为止，我们将理解，通过电话header = f.next()我们得到了第一行读出。下次在某次迭代中使用f时，它不返回并跟随下一行，再也不会返回标题。
我们假设line.split()返回5个元素。
我们可以一步将所有5个元素分配到不同的变量中。
record = ["a11", "b22", "c33", "d44", "e55"]
a, b, c, d, e, = record
print a
print b
# etc.
在我们的解决方案中，我们在for循环中使用它。
close()
按照以下方式处理文件是典型的习惯用法：
fname = "something.txt"
with open(fname) as f:
# process the file
# do not call `f.close()` as it gets closed at the moment inner `with` block is left.
这个with构造使用所谓的＆＃34;上下文管理器＆＃34;，它可以通过输入块（在with行上）并在最后做一些事情来创建一些值。它，在我们的例子中，它调用close()
答案 1 :(得分：0)
似乎你想要Sr没有，我有列表和词汇。
y_10=[]
y_11=[]
with open("as.txt",'r') as f: # no need for f.close() when you use "with open" as the file is autonatically closed
lines = [x.split() for x in f.readlines()[2:]]
for line in lines:
if line[2].startswith("10"): # check if the 3rd element starts with "10"
y_10.append(line) # if so add to year 10 list
else:
y_11.append(line) # else it starts with "11" so add to year eleven list
print y_10,y_11
[['3.', 'Abc', '1010101', '9.1', '2014']] [['1.', 'XYZ', '1101111', '7.1', '2014'], ['2.', 'ZYX', '1101113', '8.2', '2014']]
# make dicts using zip, where the first element of each list is the key and the rest are the values
y_10_dict = dict(zip([x[0] for x in y_10], [y[1:] for y in y_10])) #
y_11_dict = dict(zip([x[0] for x in y_11], [y[1:] for y in y_11]))
print y_10_dict,y_11_dict
{'3.': ['Abc', '1010101', '9.1', '2014']} {'2.': ['ZYX', '1101113', '8.2', '2014'], '1.': ['XYZ', '1101111', '7.1', '2014']}
答案 2 :(得分：0)
目前还不清楚如何存储问题中的变量。
这将读取文件，跳过前两行，并将数据存储在2个词典中：
fir_y = {} #Sets the variables
sec_y = {}
with open("as.txt") as f: #Opens the file
raw = f.read().split("\n")[2::] #Reads the file and splits it by newlines
for v in raw:
var = v.split(" ")
if var[2][0:2] == "11": #If enrollment number starts with 11
sec_y[var[1]] = [var[2],var[3],var[4]]
#dict[key] = value
else:
fir_y[var[1]] = [var[2],var[3],var[4]]
{'Abc': ['1010101', '9.1', '2014']}
{'XYZ': ['1101111', '7.1', '2014'], 'ZYX': ['1101113', '8.2', '2014']}
或者，您可以将其存储为列表。它几乎相同，你只需使用.append（）：
fir_y = []
sec_y = []
with open("as.txt") as f:
raw = f.read().split("\n")[2::]
for v in raw:
var = v.split(" ")
if var[2][0:2] == "11":
sec_y.append([var[1],var[2],var[3],var[4]])
else:
fir_y.append([var[1],var[2],var[3],var[4]])
[['Abc', '1010101', '9.1', '2014']]
[['XYZ', '1101111', '7.1', '2014'], ['ZYX', '1101113', '8.2', '2014']]
此外，当您使用“with open（”__“，”_“）作为x打开文件时：”之后不需要关闭文件。它会自动关闭。