在数组中查找单个元素而不循环遍历数组

时间:2014-05-04 19:12:13

标签: php arrays object

我有一个包含对象的数组。我想获取名为test-song-poll-02的数组中的对象。我知道我可以通过它循环并做一个条件来检查每个对象中的名称,但我想知道是否有一个数组/对象php函数可以返回name ='test-song-poll-03'的对象

Array
(
    [0] => stdClass Object
        (
            [name] => test-song-poll-01
            [description] => test-song-poll-01
            [created_at] => 2014-05-02T23:07:59Z
            [count] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [approved] => 63787
                    [pending] => 341
                    [rejected] => 78962
                    [total] => 143090
                )

            [tpm] => 12
            [approved_tpm] => 3
            [pct] => 4
        )

    [1] => stdClass Object
        (
            [name] => test-song-poll-02
            [description] => test-song-poll-02
            [created_at] => 2014-05-02T23:17:20Z
            [count] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [approved] => 9587
                    [pending] => 0
                    [rejected] => 9780
                    [total] => 19367
                )

            [tpm] => 5
            [approved_tpm] => 3
            [pct] => 1
        )

    [2] => stdClass Object
        (
            [name] => test-song-poll-03
            [description] => test-song-poll-03
            [created_at] => 2014-05-02T23:19:06Z
            [count] => stdClass Object
                (
                    [approved] => 26442
                    [pending] => 0
                    [rejected] => 36242
                    [total] => 62684
                )

            [tpm] => 25
            [approved_tpm] => 9
            [pct] => 2
        )
)

更新我的代码以显示我想如何传递变量:

function get_results()
{
    $hashtag = "test-song-poll-03";
    $this->load->model('artist_model');
    $data['results'] = $this->artist_model->get_results();

    $myobject = array_filter($data['results']->streams, function($e, $hashtag) {
      return strcmp($e->name, $hashtag) == 0;
    });

    print_r($myobject);
}

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您可以使用array_filter。

$myobjects = array_filter($objects, function($e) use($hashtag) {
  return strcmp($e->name, "test-song-poll-03") == 0;
});

由于匿名功能,这只适用于PHP> = 5.3

如果您的版本较旧,则可以使用自己的功能。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您从json格式的API获取数据的事实并不意味着您必须以您给出的格式保留它。有几种策略比您接受的答案更有效。

当前选择的答案的问题是,每次使用它时,它将迭代整个数据集,即使在第一次迭代中找到匹配项也是如此。我不知道你的数据集有多大,但我认为它很重要,否则你不会问这个问题。

我也不知道你想要访问数据集的次数,你可能也不知道,但我认为它足以让你思考,或者你不会再这样做了。问这个问题。

让我们假设你有一个由1000个stdClass个对象组成的数据集,并且你要求每个对象一次,所以你可以访问它1000次。

现在' array_filter()'建议你的方法必须每次访问所有1000个元素(它是O(n)),总共1,000,000次迭代。

//Access every element once using array_filter()
$objectArray = [];
$objectNames = [];
for($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i ++){
    $objName = 'object_name_' . ($i + 1);
    $objectNames[] = $objName;
    $obj = new stdClass();
    $obj->name = $objName;
    $obj->description = 'test description';
    $obj->accessed = 0;
    $objectArray[] = $obj;
}
$start = microtime(true);
foreach($objectNames as $name){
    $iterations = getObjectWithArray_Filter($name, $objectArray);
}
$end = microtime(true);
$taken = $end - $start;
echo $iterations . " iterations using array_filter() in $taken seconds<br/>\n";

see it working

第一个想到的选择是一个普通的旧foreach()循环,这也是O(n),但是一旦找到匹配就可以将循环写入保释。因此,假设我们一旦访问500,500次迭代就访问了数组的每个元素,节省了大约50%。这可能适用于现实世界,也可能不适用,你将是最好的判断。

//Access every element once using foreach(){}
$objectArray = [];
$objectNames = [];
for($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i ++){
    $objName = 'object_name_' . ($i + 1);
    $objectNames[] = $objName;
    $obj = new stdClass();
    $obj->name = $objName;
    $obj->description = 'test description';
    $obj->accessed = 0;
    $objectArray[] = $obj;
}

$start = microtime(true);
foreach($objectNames as $name){
    $iterations = getObjectWithForeach($name, $objectArray);
}
$end = microtime(true);
$taken = $end - $start;
echo $iterations . " iterations using foreach(){} in $taken seconds<br/>\n";

see it working

我遇到的第二种选择是遍历数组并将其写入关联数组。第一次运行将是O(n),1000次迭代,此后我们将能够直接访问我们想要的元素而无需遍历数组,即O(1)。给我们2000次迭代,一次访问数组的每个元素。

//Access every element once using Associative array
$objectArray = [];
$objectNames = [];
for($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i ++){
    $objName = 'object_name_' . ($i + 1);
    $objectNames[] = $objName;
    $obj = new stdClass();
    $obj->name = $objName;
    $obj->description = 'test description';
    $obj->accessed = 0;
    $objectArray[] = $obj;
}

$associativeArray = [];
$start = microtime(true);
foreach($objectArray as $object){
    $associativeArray[$object->name] = $object;
    $object->accessed ++;
}

foreach($objectNames as $name){
    $iterations = getObjectFromAssociativeArray($objName, $associativeArray);
}
$end = microtime(true);
$taken = $end - $start;
echo $iterations . " iterations using associative array{} in $taken seconds<br/>\n";

see it working

以下是我测试代码的其余部分: -

//=================================================================
function getObjectWithArray_Filter($objectName, array $objectArray){
    $myobjects = array_filter($objectArray, function($e) use($objectName) {
            $e->accessed ++;
            return strcmp($e->name, $objectName) == 0;
        });
    $iterations = 0;
    foreach($objectArray as $object){
        $iterations += $object->accessed;
    }
    return $iterations;
}

function getObjectWithForeach($objectName, array $objectArray){
    $iterations = 0;
    $found = false;
    $count = 0;
    while(!$found){
        $objectArray[$count]->accessed ++;
        if($objectArray[$count]->name === $objectName){
            $found = true;
        }
        $count ++;
    }
    foreach($objectArray as $object){
        $iterations += $object->accessed;
    }
    return $iterations;
}

function getObjectFromAssociativeArray($objectName, array $objectArray){
    $iterations = 0;
    if($objectName === $objectArray[$objectName]->name){
        $objectArray[$objectName]->accessed ++;
    }
    foreach($objectArray as $object){
        $iterations += $object->accessed;
    }
    return $iterations;
}

<强> TL;博士
3v4l.org上的输出: -

Accessing 1000 elements once took 1000000 iterations using array_filter() in 0.5374710559845 seconds
Accessing 1000 elements once took 500500 iterations using foreach(){} in 0.2077169418335 seconds
Accessing 1000 elements once took 2000 iterations using associative array{} in 0.1438410282135 seconds

see it working

时间差异也很有趣。您可能需要也可能不需要优化这样的速度,但我建议您对代码进行有意义的更改。在任何情况下,我都认为第一次迭代后的迭代次数远不及1000次或平均每次次数为500.5次。

我希望你认为这是一项有价值的练习,你的问题引起了我的兴趣,我确信你接受的答案对你来说不是最好的解决方案。你可能仍然认为它是,但我提供这个作为替代。

实现这个的最简单方法是使用某种对象存储/工厂: -

class ObjectStore
{
    private $decoded;
    private $asssocArray;

    public function __construct($jsonEncodedObjects)
    {
        $this->decoded = json_decode($jsonEncodedObjects);
    }

    public function getObject($objectName)
    {
        if(!$this->asssocArray){
            foreach($this->decoded as $object){
                $this->asssocArray[$object->name] = $object;
            }
        }
        return $this->asssocArray[$objectName];
    }
}

这样,您对对象的第一个请求是O(n),后续请求将是O(1)。

要在代码中使用它: -

$objectStore = new ObjectStore(getJsonEncodedData());

$hashtag = "test-song-poll-03";
$myObject = $objectStore->getObject($hashtag);