我正在尝试验证我的.pem证书并连接到Apple的APN网关以查看它是否正常工作。但是，当我跑
时$ openssl s_client -connect gateway.push.apple.com:2195 -cert data/certs/production.pem -debug -showcerts
我收到这样的错误：
error 20 at 0 depth lookup:unable to get local issuer certificate
我的OpenSSL目录位于：
$ openssl version -d
OPENSSLDIR: "/usr/lib/ssl"
因此，当我在命令行（-CApath）中明确指出目录时，它似乎正在起作用：
$ openssl s_client -connect gateway.push.apple.com:2195 -cert data/certs/production.pem -debug -showcerts -CApath /usr/lib/ssl/certs/
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
我尝试过运行c_rehash /usr/lib/ssl/certs，但它没有改变任何东西。我究竟做错了什么？我希望它每次运行时都不会指向-CApath，因为我怀疑这就是为什么我的推送通知没有发送的原因。
答案 0 :(得分：1)
I'm trying to verify my .pem certificate and connect to Apple's APN gateway to see if it's working correctly. However, when I run $ openssl s_client -connect gateway.push.apple.com:2195 -cert data/certs/production.pem -debug -showcerts I get an error like this: error 20 at 0 depth lookup:unable to get local issuer certificate
您缺少根证书，可以使用-CAfile指定它。指定CAfile后，链将验证。
但是，在修复根证书问题后，您将遇到握手警报。我相信它是由我没有的客户证书问题引起的。下面，0x14094410是OpenSSL错误，SSL错误（来自TLS协议）只是SSL alert number 40。警报40是握手警报，并且没有其他信息。
<强>第一
确定您需要的根：
$ openssl s_client -connect gateway.push.apple.com:2195
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = US, O = "Entrust, Inc.", OU = www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference, OU = "(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc.", CN = Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:0
140633516213928:error:14094410:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:1257:SSL alert number 40
140633516213928:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:177:
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Cupertino/O=Apple Inc./OU=iTMS Engineering/CN=gateway.push.apple.com
i:/C=US/O=Entrust, Inc./OU=www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference/OU=(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc./CN=Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
1 s:/C=US/O=Entrust, Inc./OU=www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference/OU=(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc./CN=Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
i:/O=Entrust.net/OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/OU=(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited/CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048)
所以你需要 Entrust.net证书颁发机构（2048）。您可以从Entrust Root Certificates下载。其名称为entrust_2048_ca.cer，似乎采用PEM格式。
<强>第二
现在，再次运行oepnssl s_client，但这次是-CAfile entrust_2048_ca.cer。请注意，它以Verify return code: 0 (ok)：
$ openssl s_client -tls1 -connect gateway.push.apple.com:2195 -CAfile entrust_2048_ca.cer
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=2 O = Entrust.net, OU = www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.), OU = (c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited, CN = Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048)
verify return:1
depth=1 C = US, O = "Entrust, Inc.", OU = www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference, OU = "(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc.", CN = Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
verify return:1
depth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Cupertino, O = Apple Inc., OU = iTMS Engineering, CN = gateway.push.apple.com
verify return:1
139719745095336:error:14094410:SSL routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:1257:SSL alert number 40
139719745095336:error:1409E0E5:SSL routines:SSL3_WRITE_BYTES:ssl handshake failure:s3_pkt.c:596:
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Cupertino/O=Apple Inc./OU=iTMS Engineering/CN=gateway.push.apple.com
i:/C=US/O=Entrust, Inc./OU=www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference/OU=(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc./CN=Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
1 s:/C=US/O=Entrust, Inc./OU=www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference/OU=(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc./CN=Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
i:/O=Entrust.net/OU=www.entrust.net/CPS_2048 incorp. by ref. (limits liab.)/OU=(c) 1999 Entrust.net Limited/CN=Entrust.net Certification Authority (2048)
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Cupertino/O=Apple Inc./OU=iTMS Engineering/CN=gateway.push.apple.com
issuer=/C=US/O=Entrust, Inc./OU=www.entrust.net/rpa is incorporated by reference/OU=(c) 2009 Entrust, Inc./CN=Entrust Certification Authority - L1C
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 2675 bytes and written 338 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES256-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1
Cipher : AES256-SHA
Session-ID:
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 53E341FB8A63D8F2BDB1DA4B750116C6...
Key-Arg : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
Start Time: 1398721822
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)