Javascript类方法返回' undefined'

时间:2014-04-28 03:36:04

标签: javascript

这个问题可能有一个快速的答案,但我无法弄清楚我做错了什么。我有一个类EmailList:

var EmailList = function(id, name, expire_date)
{
    var instance = this;
    var list_id = id;
    var list_name = name;
    var expire_date = expire_date;
    var is_editing = false;

    this.get_list_id = function() { return instance.list_id; }
    this.get_list_name = function() { return instance.list_name; }
    this.get_expire_date = function() { return instance.expire_date; }
    this.is_editing = function() { return instance.is_editing; }
}

当我调用类中的任何方法时,我感到困惑,例如:

console.log(list.get_list_name());
console.log(list.get_list_id());

结果我得到'未定义'。这是怎么回事?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

您没有初始化实例数据。而不是声明局部变量来存储参数,而是尝试这样做:

var EmailList = function(id, name, expire_date)
{
    var instance = this;
    instance.list_id = id;
    instance.list_name = name;
    instance.expire_date = expire_date;
    instance.is_editing = false;

    this.get_list_id = function() { return instance.list_id; }
    this.get_list_name = function() { return instance.list_name; }
    this.get_expire_date = function() { return instance.expire_date; }
    this.is_editing = function() { return instance.is_editing; }
}

顺便说一下,更好的方法是消除instance变量,更改实例方法以使用this并使用原型来定义方法:

var EmailList = function(id, name, expire_date)
{
    this.list_id = id;
    this.list_name = name;
    this.expire_date = expire_date;
    this.is_editing = false;
};

EmailList.prototype = {
    get_list_id : function() { return this.list_id; },
    get_list_name : function() { return this.list_name; },
    get_expire_date : function() { return this.expire_date; },
    is_editing : function() { return this.is_editing; }
};

这样您就不会为EmailList的每个实例创建单独的成员函数对象。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

Ted Hopp的答案中的两个示例都将使您的代码正常工作,但看起来您可能正在尝试为私有字段(或等效于私有字段的JavaScript)创建访问器。如果是这样,你最好这样做:

var EmailList = function(id, name, expire_date)
{
    var list_id = id;
    var list_name = name;
    // Clone input date so it can't be modified externally
    var expire_date = cloneDate(expireDate);
    var is_editing = false;

    this.get_list_id = function() { return list_id; }
    this.get_list_name = function() { return list_name; }
    // Clone date so it can't be modified externally
    this.get_expire_date = function() { return cloneDate(expire_date); }
    this.is_editing = function() { return is_editing; }

    function cloneDate(date) {
        return date && date.getTime && new Date(date.getTime());
    }
}

或者你可以这样做,并且完全跳过三个额外的变量声明:

var EmailList = function(id, name, expire_date)
{
    var is_editing = false;
    // Clone input date so it can't get modified externally
    expire_date = cloneDate(expire_date);

    this.get_list_id = function() { return id; }
    this.get_list_name = function() { return name; }
    // Clone date so it can't get modified externally
    this.get_expire_date = function() { return cloneDate(expire_date); }
    this.is_editing = function() { return is_editing; }

    function cloneDate(date) {
        return date && date.getTime && new Date(date.getTime());
    }
}

这样可以确保无法从对象外修改list_idlist_nameexpire_dateis_editing

EcmaScript 5中提供的另一种替代方法是创建真正的只读属性,任何人都无法修改

var EmailList = function(id, name, expire_date) {
    Object.defineProperties(this, {
        list_id: { value: id, writable: false },
        list_name: { value: name, writable: false },
        expire_date: { value: cloneDate(expire_date), writable: false },
        is_editing: { value: false, writable: false });

    function cloneDate(date) {
        return date && date.getTime && new Date(date.getTime());
    }
}

我认识到让is_editing完全只读是可能没有意义,但希望这会给你一些好主意。