C ++中的子进程命令

时间:2014-04-27 23:18:00

标签: c++ subprocess pipe

我有两个C ++程序:Program1和Program2。我想要做的是让Program1运行其算法来计算它需要的任何东西,然后将所有计算的信息传递到Program2,让它使用Program1的输出运行它的算法。

如果我只需管道信息并关闭Program1而不必等待Program2先完成就好了。它类似于python中的subprocess.call()

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

你想要做的事情就是这样:

#include <unistd.h>

int main () {
  // Do stuff for program1
  int pipefds[2];
  if (pipe (pipefds))
    throw 1;
  // Use ``write'' to send binary data to pipefds[0]
  dup2 (pipefds[1], 0);
  execl (/* Put the program2 arguments you want here. */);
  return 1;
}

有了这个,你需要的是让program2从stdin读取所有必要的数据,你就完成了。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

要模拟subprocess.check_call("Program1 | Program2", shell=True) Python调用,您可以使用system(3) in C

/** $ gcc simple-pipe-system.c && ./a.out */
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void) {
  return system("Program1 | Program2");
}

以下是使用低级pipe(2)/fork(2)/execlp(2) in C模拟Program1 | Program2管道进行比较的方法:

/** $ gcc simple-pipe.c && ./a.out */
#include <sys/types.h> /* pid_t */
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void) {
  int fd[2]; /* pipe ends */
  pid_t pid = -1;

  if (pipe(fd) == -1)
    Report_error_and_exit("pipe");

  if ((pid = fork()) == -1)
    Report_error_and_exit("fork");
  else if (pid == 0)  {
    /* child: run Program1, redirecting stdout to the pipe */
    is_child = 1;
    Close(fd[0]); /* close unused read end of the pipe */

    /* redirect stdout */
    Redirect(fd[1], STDOUT_FILENO);

    /* run Program1 with redirected stdout */
    execlp("Program1", "Program1", NULL);
    Report_error_and_exit("execlp");
  }

  /* parent: run Program2, redirecting stdin to the pipe */
  Close(fd[1]); /* close unused write end of the pipe */

  /* redirect stdin */
  Redirect(fd[0], STDIN_FILENO);
  /* run Program2 with redirected stdin */
  execlp("Program2", "Program2", NULL);
  Report_error_and_exit("execlp");
}

其中Report_error_and_exit,Close,Redirect可以定义为:

#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <unistd.h>

#define Close(FD) do {                                          \
    const int Close_fd = (FD);                                  \
    if (close(Close_fd) == -1)                                  \
      fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: close(" #FD ") %d: %s\n",         \
          __FILE__, __LINE__, Close_fd, strerror(errno));       \
  }while(0)

#define Report_error_and_exit(msg) do {                       \
    fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: %s: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__,    \
        (msg), strerror(errno));                              \
    (is_child ? _exit : exit)(EXIT_FAILURE);                  \
  } while(0)
static int is_child = 0;

#define Redirect(FROM, TO) do {            \
    const int from = (FROM);               \
    const int to = (TO);                   \
    if (from != to) {                      \
      if (dup2(from, to) == -1)            \
        Report_error_and_exit("dup2");     \
      else                                 \
        Close(from);                       \
    }                                      \
  } while(0)