出口与出口使用Python将CSV输出映射到MySQL表

Question

我有多个客户端用于网络监控的单服务器双向iperf设置。 iperf服务器运行良好，并根据客户端写入的cron作业以CSV格式显示输出。

我希望编写一个python脚本来自动化将这些CSV输出映射到MySQL数据库的过程;反过来，它将定期更新和保存，无需人工干预。

我使用的是Ubuntu 13.10计算机作为iperf服务器。以下是我得到的CSV输出示例。这不会存储到文件中，只是显示在屏幕上。

s1:~$ iperf -s -y C  
20140422105054,172.16.10.76,41065,172.16.10.65,5001,6,0.0-20.0,73138176,29215083
20140422105054,172.16.10.76,5001,172.16.10.65,56254,4,0.0-20.0,46350336,18502933
20140422105100,172.16.10.76,54550,172.16.10.50,5001,8,0.0-20.0,67895296,27129408
20140422105100,172.16.10.76,5001,172.16.10.50,58447,5,0.0-20.1,50937856,20292796
20140422105553,172.16.10.76,5001,172.16.10.65,47382,7,0.0-20.1,51118080,20358083
20140422105553,172.16.10.76,41067,172.16.10.65,5001,5,0.0-20.1,76677120,30524007
20140422105600,172.16.10.76,5001,172.16.10.50,40734,4,0.0-20.0,57606144,23001066
20140422105600,172.16.10.76,54552,172.16.10.50,5001,8,0.0-20.0,70123520,28019115
20140422110053,172.16.10.76,41070,172.16.10.65,5001,5,0.0-20.1,63438848,25284066
20140422110053,172.16.10.76,5001,172.16.10.65,46462,6,0.0-20.1,11321344,4497094

我想要映射到的字段是：timestamp，server_ip，server_port，client_ip，client_port，tag_id，interval，transfer，bandwidth

我想定期将此CSV输出映射到MySQL数据库，为此我明白我必须编写一个Python脚本（在cron作业内）查询和存储在MySQL数据库中。我是Python脚本和数据库查询的初学者。

我在[https://serverfault.com/questions/566737/iperf-csv-output-format]处进行了关于服务器故障的另一次讨论;并希望基于此构建我的查询。

Answer 1

如果您计划使用Python，那么我建议您使用sqlalchemy

一般方法是：

• 定义类，其中包含您要存储的所有属性
• 将类的所有属性映射到数据库列和类型
• 从csv中读取您的数据（使用例如csv模块），为每一行创建相应的对象，即之前准备的类，并让它存储。

sqlalchemy将为您提供更多详细信息和说明，您的要求似乎相当容易。

其他选择是查找现有的csv导入工具，其中一些已经可用于MySQL，还有很多其他工具。

Answer 2

这可能不是您正在寻找的那种答案，但是如果您通过执行基础教程在线，你会发现你的问题根本不难解决。然后只需使用标准计时器，例如time.sleep（）来重复该过程。

Answer 3

生成SQL脚本，然后运行它

如果您不想使用sqlalchemy等复杂解决方案，可以采用以下方法。

1. 拥有您的csv数据，将它们转换为SQL脚本
2. 使用mysql命令行工具运行此脚本

在您第一次这样做之前，请确保在数据库中创建所需的数据库结构（我留给您）。

我的以下示例使用（仅为方便起见）包docopt，因此您需要安装它：

$ pip install docopt

CSV到SQL脚本转换实用程序

csv2sql.py：

"""
Usage:
    csv2sql.py [--table <tablename>] <csvfile>

Options:
    --table <tablename>  Name of table in database to import into [default: mytable]

Convert csv file with iperf data into sql script for importing
those data into MySQL database.
"""
from csv import DictReader
from docopt import docopt

if __name__ == "__main__":
    args = docopt(__doc__)
    fname = args["<csvfile>"]
    tablename = args["--table"]
    headers = ["timestamp",
               "server_ip",
               "server_port",
               "client_ip",
               "client_port",
               "tag_id",
               "interval",
               "transferred",
               "bandwidth"
              ]
    sql = """insert into {tablename}
    values ({timestamp},"{server_ip}",{server_port},"{client_ip}",{client_port},{tag_id},"{interval}",{transferred},{bandwidth});"""
    with open(fname) as f:
        reader = DictReader(f, headers, delimiter=",")
        for rec in reader:
            print(sql.format(tablename=tablename, **rec)) # python <= 2.6 will fail here

将CSV转换为SQL脚本

首先让转换实用程序介绍：

$ python csv2sql.py -h
Usage:
    csv2sql.py [--table <tablename>] <csvfile>

Options:
    --table <tablename>  Name of table in database to import into [default: mytable]

Convert csv file with iperf data into sql script for importing
those data into MySQL database.

将您的数据保存在文件data.csv中：

$ python csv2sql.py data.csv 
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105054,"172.16.10.76",41065,"172.16.10.65",5001,6,"0.0-20.0",73138176,29215083);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105054,"172.16.10.76",5001,"172.16.10.65",56254,4,"0.0-20.0",46350336,18502933);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105100,"172.16.10.76",54550,"172.16.10.50",5001,8,"0.0-20.0",67895296,27129408);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105100,"172.16.10.76",5001,"172.16.10.50",58447,5,"0.0-20.1",50937856,20292796);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105553,"172.16.10.76",5001,"172.16.10.65",47382,7,"0.0-20.1",51118080,20358083);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105553,"172.16.10.76",41067,"172.16.10.65",5001,5,"0.0-20.1",76677120,30524007);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105600,"172.16.10.76",5001,"172.16.10.50",40734,4,"0.0-20.0",57606144,23001066);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422105600,"172.16.10.76",54552,"172.16.10.50",5001,8,"0.0-20.0",70123520,28019115);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422110053,"172.16.10.76",41070,"172.16.10.65",5001,5,"0.0-20.1",63438848,25284066);
insert into mytable
    values (20140422110053,"172.16.10.76",5001,"172.16.10.65",46462,6,"0.0-20.1",11321344,4497094);

将所有内容放入文件data.sql：

$ python csv2sql.py data.csv > data.sql

将data.sql应用于MySQL数据库

最后使用mysql命令（由MySQL提供）导入数据库：

$ myslq --user username --password password db_name < data.sql