从zsh中输入bash时如何加载〜/ .bash_profile？

Question

我已经使用bash两年了，只是试图通过自制软件在我的OS X上切换到zsh shell。我将我的默认（登录）shell设置为zsh，并且通过查看当我启动终端时，我确认它设置正确，它是默认使用的zsh shell。

但是，当我尝试从zsh中输入bash shell时，看起来好像没有加载~/.bash_profile，因为我无法使用别名来运行我的命令，别名在我的~/.bash_profile {{1}中定义此外，提示不是我在文件中设置的，而是返回alias julia="~/juila/julia"。

由于某些原因，当我将登录shell设置为bash并从bash中输入zsh时，bash-3.2$被正确加载。

那么为什么每当我从zsh中运行~/.zshrc时它都没有被加载？我的bash符号链接到~/.bash_profile，以便与其他计算机同步。也许它会引起这个问题？

Answer 1

互动式bash会在~/.bash_profile（如果它是登录shell）或~/.bashrc（如果它不是登录shell）时读取。

典型的.bash_profile将包含以下内容：

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi

所以.bashrc可以包含由登录或非登录shell执行的命令。

如果您运行的是bash -l，而不仅仅是bash，则应该会看到.bash_profile。

参考：https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Bash-Startup-Files.html

Answer 2

补充@Keith Thompson的优秀答案：

<强> MACOS ：

作为@chepner puts it succinctly（强调我的）：

  

在OS X中，bash不用作初始[启动时]登录过程的一部分，并且Terminal.app（或其他终端仿真程序）进程存在于任何预先存在的bash会话之外，因此每个新窗口[或标签 - 读取：交互式bash shell]（默认情况下）将自己视为新的登录会话。

因此，某些OSX用户只创建~/.bash_profile ，而且从不打扰~/.bashrc，因为所有交互式bash shell都是 login 壳。

<强>的Linux ：

在Linux上，情况通常是颠倒： 交互式创建的bash shell是[交互式] 非登录 shell，因此~/.bashrc非常重要。

因此，许多Linux用户只处理~/.bashrc 。

---

要维护适用于两种平台的 bash配置文件，请使用@Keith Thompson提及的技术：

• 将您的定义（别名，函数，...）放在~/.bashrc
中
• 将以下行添加到~/.bash_profile

[[ -f ~/.bashrc ]] && . ~/.bashrc

Answer 3

打开~/.zshrc，在文件的最底部添加以下内容：

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then 
    . ~/.bash_profile;
fi

每次打开终端时，它都会加载~/.bash_profile中定义的任何内容（如果文件存在）。这样，您就可以保留 zsh （颜色等）的自定义设置。您可以在.bash_profile文件中保留自定义shell设置。

这比使用bash -l IMO要清晰得多。

如果您希望将设置放在.bashrc，.bash_login或.profile中，则可以为他们执行相同操作。

Answer 4

复制〜/ .bash_profile中的内容并将其粘贴到〜/ .zshrc文件的底部。

Answer 5

对于刚刚安装zsh并希望其bash别名在zsh上运行的用户，请执行以下操作

1. 像这样在vim中打开.zshrc文件

    vi ~/.zshrc
   

2. 滚动到底部

3. 单击“ i”以启用写入模式
4. 告诉zsh在需要时从bash_profile加载项目

   source ~/.bash_profile
   

5. 像这样写然后退出

   :wq
   

6. 像这样刷新您的zsh

   source ~/.zshrc
   

   而已。现在，您在.bash_profile中保存的所有别名都可以在zsh中使用了。

Answer 6

对于MacO上的ZSH用户，我最终得到了一个内线。

在 〜/ .zshrc 的最底部，我添加了以下行：

bash -l

它的作用只是加载 .bash_profile 设置（别名，函数，导出$ PATH，...）

如果你决定摆脱ZSH并回到原来的BASH，你将恢复正常，没有任何麻烦。

Answer 7

如果您不经常这样做，或者它不适合进行更改，您也可以来源＆＃39;启动子bash shell后， .bash_profile 。

. ~/.bash_profile

这将在 .bash_profile 脚本中提取您在该shell会话生命周期内所做的设置。在大多数情况下，您应该能够重复该命令，因此它也是一种简单的方法来测试您所做的任何更改，而无需进行完全登录，并且可以将所有现有的shell会话 - 如果您升级到 .bash_profile ＆amp; /或 .bashrc 文件，则为目前为止。

Answer 8

最近我在OS X上安装了oh-my-zsh，并将i设置为默认外壳，并遇到了同样的问题。
我通过在#!/usr/bin/env python3 # command line interface (CLI) parsing import requests import argparse import datetime import time import datetime from pprint import pprint # graphical user interface (GUI) import gi gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0") from gi.repository import Gtk from gi.repository import GObject from gi.repository import GLib from gi.repository.GdkPixbuf import Pixbuf, Colorspace # for images from gi.repository import Gio from io import BytesIO # DICOM from dicomweb_client.api import DICOMwebClient # this directory def try_get_attr(data, tag, default_value=None): '''Try get attribute indexed by TAG in DICOM data DATA.''' try: value = data[tag]['Value'][0] if data[tag]['vr'] == 'US': # unsigned int return value # return integer elif data[tag]['vr'] == 'DA': # date return datetime.date(int(value[0 : 4]), int(value[4 : 6]), int(value[6 : 8])) elif data[tag]['vr'] == 'TM': # time (of day) return datetime.time(int(value[0 : 2]), int(value[2 : 4]), int(value[4 : 6])) else: return value # as is except: return default_value def try_get_attr_alphabetic(data, tag, default_value=None): try: return try_get_attr(data, tag, default_value)['Alphabetic'] except: return default_value class StudyStore(Gtk.ListStore): '''Gtk.ListStore of DICOM studies (model).''' def __init__(self, client): Gtk.ListStore.__init__(self, str, str, str, str, str) # TODO GDate, GTime self.client = client studies = self.client.search_for_studies() for study in studies: study_instance_uid = try_get_attr(study, '0020000D') # TODO wrap in DicomUID when 'vr': 'UI' if study_instance_uid is None: continue # skip because http://dev-demo.sectra.se contains lots of such entries study_name = try_get_attr(study, '00100020') # TODO decode string when 'vr': 'LO' person_name = try_get_attr_alphabetic(study, '00100010') # TODO decode Person Name string when 'vr': 'PN' study_date = str(try_get_attr(study, '00080020')) # TODO GDate study_time = str(try_get_attr(study, '00080030')) # TODO GTime # studies_id = try_get_attr(study, '00020010') # TODO 'vr' : 'UI'. same for all elements in `studies` # study = client.retrieve_study(study_instance_uid) # retrieve same thing again self.append((study_instance_uid, study_name, person_name, study_date, study_time)) class SeriesStore(Gtk.ListStore): '''Gtk.ListStore of DICOM serieses (model).''' def __init__(self, client): Gtk.ListStore.__init__(self, str, str) self.client = client def update_using_study(self, study_instance_uid): self.study_instance_uid = study_instance_uid self.serieses = self.client.search_for_series(study_instance_uid) for series in self.serieses: series_instance_uid = try_get_attr(series, '0020000E') # Series Instance UID series_modality = try_get_attr(series, '00080060') # Modality being either CR, OT, MR, XA, CT, US self.append((series_instance_uid, series_modality)) class InstanceStore(Gtk.ListStore): '''Gtk.ListStore of DICOM instances (model).''' def __init__(self, client): Gtk.ListStore.__init__(self, str, str) self.client = client def update_using_study_and_series(self, study_instance_uid, series_instance_uid): instances = self.client.search_for_instances(study_instance_uid, series_instance_uid) for instance in instances: sop_class_uid = try_get_attr(instance, '00080016') # SOP Class UID try: sop_name = SOP_UID_NAMES[sop_class_uid] # lookup SOP name from UID except: sop_name = sop_class_uid # if fails use UID sop_instance_uid = try_get_attr(instance, '00080018') # SOP Instance UID self.append((sop_instance_uid, sop_name)) class DICOMWindow(Gtk.Window): def __init__(self, title="DICOM Viewer"): self.client = DICOMwebClient(url="https://dicomcloud.azurewebsites.net", qido_url_prefix="qidors", wado_url_prefix="wadors", stow_url_prefix="stowrs") # construct top window Gtk.Window.__init__(self, title=title, vexpand=True, hexpand=True, border_width=0) # create top grid self.grid = Gtk.Grid(vexpand=True, hexpand=True, column_homogeneous=True, row_homogeneous=True) self.add(self.grid) # add it to parent window # STUDIES self.study_store = StudyStore(client=self.client) self.current_study_filter = None self.study_filter = self.study_store.filter_new() self.study_filter.set_visible_func(self.study_view_filter_func) self.study_view = Gtk.TreeView.new_with_model(self.study_filter) self.study_selection = self.study_view.get_selection() self.study_selection.set_mode(Gtk.SelectionMode.MULTIPLE) self.study_selection.connect("changed", self.on_study_view_selection_changed) for i, column_title in enumerate(["Study UID", "Study Name", "Person Name", "Study Date", "Study Time",]): if i == 0: continue # skip "Study UID" renderer = Gtk.CellRendererText() column = Gtk.TreeViewColumn(column_title, renderer, text=i) self.study_view.append_column(column) self.study_view_scroller = Gtk.ScrolledWindow(vexpand=True, hexpand=True) self.study_view_scroller.add(self.study_view) self.grid.attach(self.study_view_scroller, left=0, top=0, width=1, height=1) # SERIESES self.series_store = SeriesStore(client=self.client) self.current_series_filter = None self.series_filter = self.series_store.filter_new() self.series_filter.set_visible_func(self.series_view_filter_func) self.series_view = Gtk.TreeView.new_with_model(self.series_filter) self.series_selection = self.series_view.get_selection() self.series_selection.set_mode(Gtk.SelectionMode.MULTIPLE) self.series_selection.connect("changed", self.on_series_view_selection_changed) for i, column_title in enumerate(["Series UID", "Series Modality"]): if i == 0: continue # skip "Series UID" renderer = Gtk.CellRendererText() column = Gtk.TreeViewColumn(column_title, renderer, text=i) self.series_view.append_column(column) self.series_view_scroller = Gtk.ScrolledWindow(vexpand=True, hexpand=True) self.series_view_scroller.add(self.series_view) self.grid.attach(self.series_view_scroller, left=1, top=0, width=1, height=1) # INSTANCES self.instance_store = InstanceStore(client=self.client) self.current_instance_filter = None self.instance_filter = self.instance_store.filter_new() self.instance_filter.set_visible_func(self.instance_view_filter_func) self.instance_view = Gtk.TreeView.new_with_model(self.instance_filter) self.instance_selection = self.instance_view.get_selection() self.instance_selection.set_mode(Gtk.SelectionMode.MULTIPLE) self.instance_selection.connect("changed", self.on_instance_view_selection_changed) for i, column_title in enumerate(["SOP Instance UID", "SOP Class"]): if i == 0: continue # skip "SOP Instance UID" renderer = Gtk.CellRendererText() column = Gtk.TreeViewColumn(column_title, renderer, text=i) self.instance_view.append_column(column) self.instance_view_scroller = Gtk.ScrolledWindow(vexpand=True, hexpand=True) self.instance_view_scroller.add(self.instance_view) self.grid.attach(self.instance_view_scroller, left=2, top=0, width=1, height=1) self.image_view = Gtk.Image() self.image_view_scroller = Gtk.ScrolledWindow(vexpand=True, hexpand=True) self.image_view_scroller.add(self.image_view) self.grid.attach(self.image_view_scroller, left=0, top=1, width=3, height=3) self.show_all() def on_study_view_selection_changed(self, selection): print('on_study_view_selection_changed: selection_count=', selection.count_selected_rows()) # needs to be called in this order self.clear_current_image_and_pixel_data() self.clear_current_instance_store_and_view() self.clear_current_series_store_and_view() model, treeiter = selection.get_selected_rows() for row_index in treeiter: self.study_instance_uid = model[row_index][0] self.series_store.update_using_study(study_instance_uid=self.study_instance_uid) # TODO visually present: # study_metadata = self.client.retrieve_study_metadata(self.study_instance_uid) def on_series_view_selection_changed(self, selection): print('on_series_view_selection_changed: selection_count=', selection.count_selected_rows()) # needs to be called in this order self.clear_current_image_and_pixel_data() self.clear_current_instance_store_and_view() model, treeiter = selection.get_selected_rows() for row_index in treeiter: self.series_instance_uid = model[row_index][0] self.instance_store.update_using_study_and_series(study_instance_uid=self.study_instance_uid, series_instance_uid=self.series_instance_uid) # TODO visually present: # series_metadata = self.client.retrieve_series_metadata(self.study_instance_uid, # self.series_instance_uid) def on_instance_view_selection_changed(self, selection): print('on_instance_view_selection_changed: selection_count=', selection.count_selected_rows()) # needs to be called in this order self.clear_current_image_and_pixel_data() model, treeiter = selection.get_selected_rows() for row_index in treeiter: self.sop_instance_uid = model[row_index][0] # TODO visually present more parts of: instance_metadata = self.client.retrieve_instance_metadata(study_instance_uid=self.study_instance_uid, series_instance_uid=self.series_instance_uid, sop_instance_uid=self.sop_instance_uid)[0] self.image_height = try_get_attr(instance_metadata, '00280010') # rows self.image_width = try_get_attr(instance_metadata, '00280011') # columns self.image_bits_per_pixel = try_get_attr(instance_metadata, '00280100') # bits per pixel self.frame_count = try_get_attr(instance_metadata, '00280008', '1') # only present for multi-frame image instances so default to 1 transfer_syntax_uid = try_get_attr(instance_metadata, '00020010') if transfer_syntax_uid is not None: transfer_type = transfer_syntax_uid image_format = None # possible values are None (uncompressed/raw), 'jpeg', or 'jp2' try: # start = time.time() frames = self.client.retrieve_instance_frames(study_instance_uid=self.study_instance_uid, series_instance_uid=self.series_instance_uid, sop_instance_uid=self.sop_instance_uid, frame_numbers=[1], image_format=image_format) # stop = time.time() # print("Took:", stop - start) except requests.exceptions.HTTPError: frames = [] # no frames pass # need to store frames because Pixbuf.new_from_data doesn't keep own # reference to data so Python will destroy it without Gtk knowing about it self.rgb_frames = len(frames)*[None] for image_index, frame in enumerate(frames): pixel_count = (self.image_width* self.image_height) rgb_frame_temp = bytearray(3*pixel_count) # pre-allocate RGB pixels if image_format is None: # raw pixels if self.image_bits_per_pixel == 8: for j in range(0, pixel_count): gray8 = frame[j] rgb_frame_temp[3*j + 0] = gray8 rgb_frame_temp[3*j + 1] = gray8 rgb_frame_temp[3*j + 2] = gray8 else: raise Exception("Cannot handle bits_per_pixel being" + str(self.image_bits_per_pixel)) # Ref: https://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/#GdkPixbuf-2.0/classes/Pixbuf.html#GdkPixbuf.Pixbuf.new_from_data # this better than `Pixbuf.new_from_bytes` which requires # the data parameter to be wrapped in a GLib.Bytes object # WARNING: be aware of that `new_from_data` is buggy. See for instance: # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29501835/gtk3-gdk-pixbuf-new-from-data-gives-segmentation-fault-core-dumped-error-13 self.rgb_frames[image_index] = bytes(rgb_frame_temp) # bytearray needs to be wrapped in a `bytes` and store here in order to enot loose ref pixbuf = Pixbuf.new_from_data(self.rgb_frames[image_index], # data Colorspace.RGB, # colorspace False, # has_alpha 8, # bits_per_sample self.image_width, # width self.image_height, # height self.image_width*3, # rowstride, 3 because RGB has 3 bytes per pixel None, None) # rely on Python for deallocation if image_index == 0: self.image_view.set_from_pixbuf(pixbuf) elif image_format == 'jp2': print("TODO Decode jp2 image...") if False: input_stream = Gio.MemoryInputStream.new_from_data(frame, None) pixbuf = Pixbuf.new_from_stream(input_stream, None) if image_index == 0: self.image_view.set_from_pixbuf(pixbuf) def clear_current_series_store_and_view(self): self.series_store.clear() self.series_view.get_selection().unselect_all() def clear_current_instance_store_and_view(self): self.instance_store.clear() self.instance_view.get_selection().unselect_all() def clear_current_image_and_pixel_data(self): self.image_view.clear() # remove image before self.rgb_frames = None # drop pixel data def study_view_filter_func(self, model, iter, data): """Tests if the language in the row is the one in the filter""" if self.current_study_filter is None or self.current_study_filter == "Any": return True else: return model[iter][2] == self.current_study_filter def series_view_filter_func(self, model, iter, data): """Tests if the language in the row is the one in the filter""" if self.current_series_filter is None or self.current_series_filter == "Any": return True else: return model[iter][2] == self.current_series_filter def instance_view_filter_func(self, model, iter, data): """Tests if the language in the row is the one in the filter""" if self.current_instance_filter is None or self.current_instance_filter == "Any": return True else: return model[iter][2] == self.current_instance_filter if __name__ == '__main__': win = DICOMWindow() win.connect("destroy", Gtk.main_quit) # make close button window work win.show_all() # show everything Gtk.main() # start event loop 文件的末尾添加zsh来solved这个问题。

Answer 9

我正在使用一个名为oh my zsh的zsh框架，并且尝试了此处列出的大多数解决方案，但它破坏了自定义主题的格式。但是，这些步骤对我有用。

1. 在我的 .bash_profile

   底部添加新别名

   vi ~/.bash_profile

2. 使用 zsh 从 .bash_profile

   加载项目

   source ~/.bash_profile

3. 刷新 zsh

   source ~/.zshrc

4. 重新启动OSX Terminal应用程序

5. 尝试您的新别名！

Answer 10

如果您想“以个人资料为中心”，您可以创建 .profile 作为单一的事实来源，然后从 .bash_profile 和 .zprofile 加载它。

.profile

export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python/libexec/bin:$PATH"
# etc., etc.

.bash_profile 和 .zprofile

if [ -f ~/.profile ]; then 
    . ~/.profile;
fi

我发现这有助于 bash 脚本找到正确的 PATH 等，并帮助我将配置保存在一个地方。