我是Spring的新手，正在尝试使用JPA和Maven设置项目。我似乎无法找出所需的不同xml文件之间的正确配置。我已经看到很多问题已经发布在此，我尝试使用已发布的解决方案中的代码，但我一直在 JUnit中获得IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext之前的不同错误测试我试图跑。
以下是 persistence.xml ，我已将其放置在 src / main / resources 的 META-INF 文件夹中：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistencehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<persistence-unit name="myDatabaseConfig"
transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
以下是 production-application.xml 文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/wellness;shutdown=true"/>
<property name="username" value="un"/>
<property name="password" value="pw"/>
</bean>
<!-- Transaction Manager for the project -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" autowire="byType"/>
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="showSql" value="false"/>
<property name="generateDdl" value="true"/>
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.kylewalker.wellness"/>
这是 POM ，可能会非常臃肿，因为我很难确定哪些依赖项是必要的，哪些不是：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.kylewalker</groupId>
<artifactId>wellness</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>wellness</name>
<description>A business magagement tool for a wellness organization offering services such as massage, nutrition counseling, etc.</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>org.eclipse.persistence.jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0.37</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
</dependency>
-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>4.3.4.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat6-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7></source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.12.4</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>integration-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>java</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.kylewalker.wellness.Main</mainClass>
</configuration></plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这是我的Customer课程：
package com.kylewalker.wellness.domain;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
@Entity
public class Customer {
@Id @GeneratedValue
private Long customerId;
private String firstName;
private String middleName;
private String lastName;
@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
private Date dateOfBirth;
private Address address;
private String phone;
private String email;
// argument-ed constructor, getters and setters
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result
+ ((customerId == null) ? 0 : customerId.hashCode());
result = prime * result
+ ((firstName == null) ? 0 : firstName.hashCode());
result = prime * result
+ ((lastName == null) ? 0 : lastName.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Customer other = (Customer) obj;
if (customerId == null) {
if (other.customerId != null)
return false;
} else if (!customerId.equals(other.customerId))
return false;
if (firstName == null) {
if (other.firstName != null)
return false;
} else if (!firstName.equals(other.firstName))
return false;
if (lastName == null) {
if (other.lastName != null)
return false;
} else if (!lastName.equals(other.lastName))
return false;
return true;
}
//toString()
}
这是我的CustomerDao：
package com.kylewalker.wellness.dataaccess;
import java.util.List;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.domain.Customer;
public interface CustomerDao {
public void create(Customer customer);
public Customer getById(String customerId) throws RecordNotFoundException;
public List<Customer> getByName(String lastName, String firstName) throws RecordNotFoundException;
public void update(Customer customerToUpdate) throws RecordNotFoundException;
public void delete(Customer oldCustomer) throws RecordNotFoundException;
public List<Customer> getAllCustomers();
}
以下是我CustomerDao的实施：
package com.kylewalker.wellness.dataaccess;
import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.domain.Customer;
@Repository
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;
public void create(Customer customer) {
em.persist(customer);
}
public Customer getById(String customerId) throws RecordNotFoundException {
return (Customer)em.createQuery("select customer from Customer as customer where customer.customerId=:customerId").setParameter("customerId", customerId).getSingleResult();
}
public List<Customer> getByName(String lastName, String firstName) throws RecordNotFoundException {
return em.createQuery("select customer from Customer as customer where customer.firstName=:firstName and customer.lastName=:lastName").setParameter("firstName", firstName).setParameter("lastName", lastName).getResultList();
}
public void update(Customer customerToUpdate)
throws RecordNotFoundException {
// TODO add code here
}
public void delete(Customer oldCustomer) throws RecordNotFoundException {
Customer foundCustomer = em.find(Customer.class, oldCustomer.getCustomerId());
em.remove(foundCustomer);
}
public List<Customer> getAllCustomers() {
return em.createQuery("select customer from Customer as customer").getResultList();
}
}
这是我的CustomerService：
package com.kylewalker.wellness.services;
import java.util.List;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.domain.Customer;
public interface CustomerService {
public void newCustomer(Customer newCustomer);
public void updateCustomer(Customer changedCustomer) throws CustomerNotFoundException;
public void deleteCustomer(Customer oldCustomer) throws CustomerNotFoundException;
public Customer findCustomerById(String customerId) throws CustomerNotFoundException;
public List<Customer> findCustomersByName (String lastName, String firstName) throws CustomerNotFoundException;
public List<Customer> getAllCustomers();
}
以下是我CustomerService的实施：
package com.kylewalker.wellness.services;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.domain.Customer;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.dataaccess.CustomerDao;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.dataaccess.RecordNotFoundException;
@Transactional
@Service
public class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService {
private CustomerDao dao;
@Autowired
public CustomerServiceImpl(CustomerDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
public void newCustomer(Customer newCustomer) {
dao.create(newCustomer);
}
public void updateCustomer(Customer changedCustomer)
throws CustomerNotFoundException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
public void deleteCustomer(Customer oldCustomer)
throws CustomerNotFoundException {
try {
dao.delete(oldCustomer);
} catch (RecordNotFoundException e) {
throw new CustomerNotFoundException();
}
}
public Customer findCustomerById(String customerId)
throws CustomerNotFoundException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
public List<Customer> findCustomersByName(String lastName, String firstName)
throws CustomerNotFoundException {
try {
return dao.getByName(lastName, firstName);
} catch (RecordNotFoundException e) {
throw new CustomerNotFoundException();
}
}
public List<Customer> getAllCustomers() {
return dao.getAllCustomers();
}
}
这是我的JUnit测试：
package com.kylewalker.wellness.testing;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.domain.Customer;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.services.CustomerService;
import com.kylewalker.wellness.services.CustomerNotFoundException;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations={"/production-application.xml"})
@Transactional
public class TestCreateNewCustomer {
@Autowired
private CustomerService customers;
@Test
public void testCreateCustomer() {
String firstName = "James";
String lastName = "Smith";
String email = "jsmith@gmail.com";
Customer newCustomer = new Customer(firstName, lastName, email);
customers.newCustomer(newCustomer);
Customer foundCustomer = null;
List<Customer> allCustomersByThatName = null;
try {
allCustomersByThatName = customers.findCustomersByName(lastName, firstName);
foundCustomer = allCustomersByThatName.get(0);
assertEquals("The customer returned is the wrong one.", newCustomer, foundCustomer);
} catch (CustomerNotFoundException e) {
fail("No customer was found when one should have been found.");
}
}
}
最后......这是我运行测试时得到的痕迹：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:101)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:319)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:232)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:89)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:175)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'employeeDaoImpl': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private org.hibernate.SessionFactory com.kylewalker.wellness.dataaccess.EmployeeDaoImpl.sessionFactory; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1185)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:304)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:300)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:703)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:121)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:250)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
... 25 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private org.hibernate.SessionFactory com.kylewalker.wellness.dataaccess.EmployeeDaoImpl.sessionFactory; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:508)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)
... 41 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.hibernate.SessionFactory] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1103)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:963)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:480)
... 43 more
答案 0 :(得分：1)
看起来它正试图映射到推荐对象..
引起：org.hibernate.AnnotationException：未指定标识符 for entity：com.kylewalker.wellness.domain.Referral
看起来是你没有提供的文件：）