Main.cc
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <vector>
#include "Student.h"
int main()
{
Student matilda("100567899", "Matilda");
Student joe("100234555", "Joe");
Student stanley("100234888", "Stanley");
Student timmy("100234888", "Timmy");
vector<Student*> comp2404;
comp2404.push_back(&matilda);
comp2404.push_back(&joe);
comp2404.push_back(&stanley);
comp2404.push_back(&timmy);
vector<Student> vect2;
vect2.push_back(matilda);
vect2.push_back(timmy);
cout<<"all done"<<endl;
return 0;
}
Student.cc
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
#include "Student.h"
Student::Student(string nu, string na)
: number(nu), name(na)
{
cout<<"-- Student default ctor "<<name<<endl;
}
Student::Student(const Student& stu)
{
name = stu.name;
number = stu.number;
cout<<"-- Student copy ctor "<<name<<endl;
}
Student::~Student()
{
cout<<"-- Student dtor"<<endl;
}
string Student::getName() const { return name; }
void Student::setName(string n) { name = n; }
ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, Student& stu)
{
output<<"Student: "<<stu.number<<" "<<stu.name<<endl;
return output;
}
输出结果为:
-- Student default ctor Matilda
-- Student default ctor Joe
-- Student default ctor Stanley
-- Student default ctor Timmy
-- Student copy ctor Matilda
-- Student copy ctor Timmy
-- Student copy ctor Matilda
-- Student dtor
all done
-- Student dtor
-- Student dtor
-- Student dtor
-- Student dtor
-- Student dtor
-- Student dtor
为什么vect2
会调用复制构造函数?矢量只能存储实际物体(Matilda和Timmy)吗?另外,为什么&#34; Matilda&#34;在vect2
被叫了两次?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
即使vector中的push_back方法接收了一个引用,它也需要复制参数传递的值,如果没有,想一想在这种情况下会发生什么,当局部变量'matilda'在'v之前超出范围'访问:
int main()
{
std:vector<Student> v;
{
Student matilda("100567899", "Matilda");
v.push_back(matilda);
}
// Try to access the first element of 'v' here:
std::cout << v[0].getName() << std::endl;
}
这就是它调用复制构造函数的原因。
现在,每次std :: vector需要增加其内部数组的大小时,它会将元素从一个数组复制到另一个数组,然后再次调用复制构造函数。这就是玛蒂尔达第二次复制的原因。 (尝试评论一行vect2.push_back(timmy);
,看看Matilda只被复制一次。)